Class 12 History Notes Chapter 7 An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara The Vijayanagara Empire was the most dignified and glorious empire of South India. Its Capital was Hampi. Hampi was discovered by Colin Mackenzie, the first Surveyor General of India in…

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts From 8th-18th century Bhakti Movement, Islam and Sufi movement played an important role in the history of medieval India. The Alvars and the Nayan…

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers Perceptions of Society Many foreign travellers visited India during medieval period. They came to India for several motives. Most of the travellers who came to India wrote their accounts. …

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 4 Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments In the reconstruction of the history of India from 600 BCE to 600 CE, the historians took the invaluable information from Buddhist, Jain and Brahmanical texts. Besid…

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 3 Kinship, Caste and Class Early Societies A number of important changes occurred in the economic and political life of India during the period from 600 BCE to 600 CE. The changes occurred during this period had left a de…

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 2 Kings, Farmers and Towns Early States and Economies After the decline of Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), many significant changes took place in the Indian subcontinent. Vedas (Rigveda, Samveda, Yajurveda and Atharveda)…

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation Harappan Civilisation is also known as Indus Valley Civilisation. It is the oldest Civilisation of India. There is no consensus about the chronology of the Harappan Civi…