Glimpses of India Class 10 Question Answer

Glimpses of India Class 10 Questions and Answers

I. A Baker from Goa

Oral comprehension check :

Question 1.
What are the elders in Goa nostalgic about?
गोवा में बुजुर्ग किस विषय के बारे में मीठी यादें स्मरण करते हैं ?
Answer:
In Goa, the elders are nostalgic about the good old Portuguese days, the Portuguese and their famous loaves of bread.

Question 2.
Is bread making still popular in Goa ? How do you know?
क्या गोवा में पाव बनाना अभी भी प्रसिद्ध है? आप कैसे जानते हैं?
Answer:
Bread making is still popular in Goa as the makers are still there, these are the mixers, the moulders and those who bake the loaves. They still have the age-old time-tested furnaces which still have the fire. May be the father is not alive but the son still carries on the family profession.

Question 3.
What is the baker called ?
पाव बनाने वाले को क्या कहा जाता है?
Answer:
The bakers are called ‘pader’ in Goa.

Question 4.
When would the baker come everyday? Why did the children run to meet him ?
पाव बनाने वाला हर रोज कब आता था? बच्चे उससे मिलने के लिए क्यों भागते थे?
Answer:
The baker would come twice everyday. Once, while going to sell his bread on his selling round and then again when returning back after emptying his huge basket. The children used to run to meet him in order to take the bread-bangles or sometimes the sweet bread of special make.

Question 5.
Match the following. What is a must
Answer:
as marriage gifts – sweet bread called bol
for a party or a feast – bread
for daughter’s engagement – sandwiches
for Christmas – cakes and bolinhas

Question 6.
What did the bakers wear (i) in the Portuguese days (ii) when the author was young?
पाव बनाने वाले क्या पहनते थे (i) पुर्तगाली दिनों में (ii) जब लेखक जवान था?
Answer:
i. In the Portuguese days, the bakers usually wore a peculiar dress known as the kabai. It was a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees.

ii. When the author was young, the bakers used to wear a shirt and trousers which were shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants.

Question 7.
Who invites the comment-‘he is dressed like a pader’?
किसे यह टिप्पणी सुनने को मिलती है -‘यह पादेर की तरह तैयार है? क्यों?
Answer:
Anyone who wears a half pant which reaches just below the knees invites the comment “he is dressed like a pader’ because the paders usually wear such type of dress. They wear a shirt and trousers which are shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants.

Question 4.
Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded ?
पाव बनाने वालों के महीने का हिसाब कहाँ पर अंकित किया जाता था?
Answer:
The monthly accounts of the baker were recorded on some wall in pencil.

Question 5.
What does ‘a jackfruit like appearance’ mean?
कटहल-जैसी छवि का क्या तात्पर्य है?
Answer:
‘A jackfruit-like appearance’ means a plump physique.

Textbook Questions

Thinking about the Text :

Question 1.
Which of these statements are correct?

1. The pader was an important person in a village in the old times.
2. Paders still exist in Goan villages.
3. The paders went away with the Portuguese.
4. The paders continue to wear a single piece long frock.
5. Bread and cakes were an integral part of Goan life in the old days.
6. Traditional bread baking is still a very profitable business.
7. Paders and their families starve in the present times.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. False

Question 2.
Is bread an important part of Goan life? How do you know this?
क्या गोवा के जीवन में डबलरोटी महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है ? आप कैसे जानते हैं?
Answer:
Bread is an important part of Goan life. Marriage gifts are meaningless, party or a feast loses its charm without bread. Sandwiches are important for daughter’s engagement. It is also evident by that the lovers of breads might have vanished but the makers are still there.

Question 3.
What is the tone of the author when he says the following ? (Tick the right answer).

1. The thud and the jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo can still be heard in some places. (nostalgic, hopeful, sad) – hopeful.
2. May be the father is not alive but the son still carries on the family profession. (nostalgic, hopeful, sad) – hopeful.
3. I still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. (nostalgic, hopeful, naughty) – nostalgic.
4. The tiger never brushed his teech, hot tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all. (naughty, angry, funny)-funny.
5. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. (sad, hopeful, matter of-fact) – matter-of-fact.
6. The baker and his family never starved. They always looked happy and prosperous. (matterof fact, hopeful, sad) – matter-of-fact.

Additional questions extract based questions

Answer the questions that follow the extracts in 30-40 words:

1. Our elders are often heard reminiscing nostalgically about those good old Portuguese days, the Portuguese and their famous loaves of bread. Those eaters of loaves might have vanished but the makers are still there. We still have amongst us the mixers, the moulders and those who bake the loaves.

Those age-old, time tested furnaces still exist. The fire in the furnaces has not yet been extinguished. The thud and jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo, heralding his arrival in the morning, can still be heard in some places. Maybe the father is not alive, but the son still carries on the family profession.

Question i.
What does the author mean when he says “The fire in the furnaces has not yet been extinguished.”
Answer:
Though the Portuguese have left, their baking profession is still existent in Goa. Baking has been handed over traditionally to their sons by the fathers of the yesteryears. Thus he says that the fire in the furnaces has not been put out

Question ii.
How are the bakers of today carrying on their tradition?
Answer:
The bakers of today have a profitable business. The thud and jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo announcing his arrival in the morning can still be heard in some places in Goa.

2. ‘He used to come at least twice a day. Once, when he set out in the morning on his selling round, and then again, when he returned after emptying his huge basket’.

Question i.
Who used to come twice a day and how?
Answer:
The baker used to come twice a day to sell his fresh breads to the village people. He announced his arrival musically by the thud and jingle of his bamboo.

Question ii.
What happens when the baker arrives?
Answer:
When the baker arrives to deliver his breads, the children run to meet and greet him. They love his bread bangles and don’t mind having them even without brushing their teeth. He starts delivering the bread loaves to the servants of houses, after pushing aside the children.

3. The baker made his musical entry on the scene with ‘Jhang, jhang’ sound of his specially made bamboo staff. One hand supported the basket on his head and the other banged the bamboo on the ground.

Question i.
What heralded the arrival of a baker?
Answer:
The baker’s musical entry heralded his arrival. He made a sound with his bamboo staff held on one hand, the other hand holding the basket on his head.

Question ii.
Why was the baker’s entry special among the people?
Answer:
His entry was very special as people waited for his freshly baked breads. Even children ran towards him to meet and greet him. He brought loaves for elders and bread bangles for children.

4. We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be delivered to the servant. But we would not give up. We would climb a bench or the parapet and peep into the basket, somehow. I can still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. Loaves for the elders and the bangles for the children.

Then we did not even care to brush our teeth or wash our mouths properly. And why should we ? Who would take the trouble of plucking the mango-leaf for the toothbrush ? And why was it necessary at all ? The tiger never brushed his teeth. Hot tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all!

Question i.
What do you infer about bakers and their breads from the passage?
Answer:
The passage explains how a baker’s arrival was much awaited by the villagers. He brought freshly baked loaves for elders and bread bangles for kids. Children ran towards him as soon as they heard the sound of his bamboo.

Question ii.
How enthusiastic were the kids for the a rival of the baker?
Answer:
The children were so enthusiastic that as soon as they hear his musical entry, they ran towards him to greet him. When he pushed them aside to deliver his orders, the children climbed on top of walls to have a peep into his basket. The children did not mind having their bread bangles even without brushing their teeth.

5. Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a feast loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker can be for a village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential.

Question i.
In what ways have the Goan people made breads a part of their cuisines?
Answer:
Breads have taken an important role in Goan tradition. Bols, cakes, bolinhas are some of the important dishes based on breads which are a must in their festivals.

Question ii.
How has a baker gained importance in Goa?
Answer:
Baking is still a successful profession in Goa. Bakers are prosperous even today. The reason is that bread and forms of bread based dishes have become a part of Goa’s traditional cuisines. Occasions like marriage, engagement, Christmas and the like lose their charm without bread.

6. The presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential. The baker or breadseller of those days had a peculiar dress known as the kabai. It was a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees. In our childhood we saw bakers wearing a shirt and trousers which were shorter than full length ones and longer than half pants. Even today, anyone who wears a half yant which reaches just below the knees invites the comment that he is dressed like a pader!

Question i.
Who is a ‘pader’? How important is he in Goa?
Answer:
A pader is the traditional name of a baker. Baking was introduced in Goa by the Portuguese. It has been traditionally handed over. Today, though the Portuguese have left, bread has become a part of the Goan cuisines. Thus, a baker is very important in Goa.

Question ii.
The dress worn by the bakers have changed over the centuries. Explain.
Answer:
Kabai was the traditional dress worn by the baker of the yesteryears. It was a single-piece long frock that reached down to the knees. During the author’s childhood days, bakers wore a shirt and trousers that were shorter than full pants and longer than the half ones.

7. The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. Monthly accounts used to be recorded on some wall in pencil. Baking was a profitable profession in the old days. The baker and his family never starved. He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosperous. Their plump physique was an open testimony to this. Even today any person with a jackfruit-like physical appearance is easily compared to a baker.

Question i.
How did the baker of the yesteryears run his business?
Answer:
In those days, the baker collected his bills at the end of every month. He used to maintain his account by recording it on a wall with pencil.

Question ii.
How can we say that bakers today have a profitable business?
Answer:
Bakers have a profitable business even today because there is no festivity in Goa without breads. Also, bakers always look happy and prosperous and have a plump physique.

Short answer type questions

Answer the following questions in about 30-40 Words.

Question 1.
How did the writer know about the arrival of the baker ? Why did the children anxiously wait for him ?
Answer:
The baker would come twice a day. Once in the morning and then after emptying his basket. The children would run to meet him to choose bread bangles and also to get sweet bread of special make.

Question 2.
What invites the remark, ‘He is dressed like a pader’?
Answer:
A person who wears a half pant which reaches just below his knees invites the remark that he is dressed like a pader.

Question 3.
What are the elders in Goa nostalgic about?
Answer:
In Goa, the elders are nostalgic about the good old Portuguese days as well as the Portuguese and their famous loaves of bread.

Question 4.
How were the baker’s accounts maintained ?
Answer:
The monthly records/accounts of the baker were maintained on some wall in pencil.

Question 5.
‘Baking was, indeed, a profitable profession’. Justify the statement with reference to the extract ‘A Baker from Goa’.
Answer:
Baking was indeed a profitable profession in the old days. The baker and his family never starved. He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosperous. Their plump physique was an open testimony to this.

Question 6.
How can you say, ‘bread-baking is still popular in Goa’?
Answer:
Bread making is still very popular in Goa. Still we can see the mixers, the moulders and those who bake the loaves. Most of their festivals and other occasions are meaningless without the loaves of bread.

Question 7.
What were the bakers called ? Describe their peculiar dress.
Answer:
The bakers were known as pader. These bakers wore a peculiar dress known as the ‘kabai’. It was a single piece long frok reaching down to the knees.

Question 8.
What was Kabai ? Give a brief description.
Or
What did the bakers wear – (i) in the Portuguese days ? (ii) when the author was young ?
Answer:
Kabai was a particular dress – a single piece long frock reaching down the knees which the bakers used to wear in old days. Later it was replaced by a shirt and trousers which were longer than the shorts and shorter than the full length.

Question 9.
What did the baker mean to the narrator during his childhood ? How many times did he pay a visit?
Answer:
The baker or pader was an important person in the author’s life. He was treated like a friend. He used to come twice a day, once in the morning to sell the bread and then while returning after emptying his basket. The author used to run to meet him in order to take the bread-bangles. He chatted and gossiped with him.

Long answer type questions

Answer the following questions in about 100-150 words:

Question 1.
Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a feast loses its charm without bread. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals.’
Why was it absolutely essential to have a “baker’s furnace” in a Goan village ?
Answer:
The Portuguese and their famous loaves of bread had made a permanent impact on Goan soil. The eaters of those loaves might have vanished but the makers of the loaves — the bakers still have an important place in the society. The Goan village still has the mixers, moulders and those who bake the loaves.

There are also the age-old time-tested furnaces which exist till date. The bakers are still important in the village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is still essential.

Question 2.
Give a pen-portrait of a baker in Goa.
Answer:
Abaker had an important place in the village life of Goa. Marriage gifts were meaningless without bol or sweet bread, cakes and bolinhas at Christmas and other festivals. In old days the bakers used to wear a peculiar dress kabai a single piece long frock reaching down the knees. Later they started wearing a shirt and trousers which were longer than the shorts and shorter than the full length pants.

They used to be prosperous. They, their family and servants never starved. Their plump physique was a testimony of their prosperity and good income. The baker used to be a good friend, companion and guide for the author. He would come twice a day and then, the children of the house would crowd around his basket to choose the bread-bangles. Even today, baking and bakers are famous in Goa. They still use the traditional furnaces to bake bread and cakes. These bakers are known as paders in Goa.

Question 3.
Describe the childhood memories of the author’s life in Goa and his fondness for breads and cakes.
Answer:
The author’s childhood memories are full of fun. He remembers them and gets nostalgic. The pader or baker was an important person in the Goan village as well as in the author’s life. He used to mix, mould and bake the loaves of bread in age old, tested furnaces.

He used to come twice a day, once in the morning to sell the bread and then while returning after emptying his basket. He made his musical entry with the jhang, jhang’ sound of his bamboo staff. The author with other children used to run to meet him in order to take the bread-bangles or sometimes the sweet bread of special make. He chatted and gossipped with him.

Introduction :

Glimpses of India gives three different pictures of India of a personality’, a place’ and a ‘product’. ‘A Baker from Goa’is the pen-portrait of a pader, a Goan baker, a sweet remembrance of good old Portuguese days and their famous loaves of bread.

Coorg is a pictorial account of the coffee producing. small region of Karnataka state also famous for its rain forests and spices. Teafrom.Assam’provides some information about the tea plantation through Raju who goes to visit Pranjol, his classmate’s native place in Upper Assam during the summer vacation. Pranjol’s father is a manager of a tea garden.

‘ग्लिम्सेस ऑफ इंडिया’ भारत के तीन भिन्न चित्र प्रस्तुत करता है-एक व्यक्तित्व, एक स्थान और एक पदार्थ का। ए बेकर फ्रॉम गोआ’ एक पादेर-गोआ के बेकर का शब्द चित्र है, अच्छे पुराने पुर्तगाली दिनों की और उनकी प्रसिद्ध डबलरोटी की मधुर याद है। ‘कुर्ग’ एक कॉफी उत्पादन करने वाले कर्नाटक के एक छोटे से क्षेत्र का जो वर्षा वनों और मसालों के लिए प्रसिद्ध है-का एक चित्रमय वृत्तान्त है।

‘टी फ्रॉम आसाम’ चाय के बागों की कुछ सूचना राजवीर द्वारा देता है जो अपने कक्षा के साथी प्रान्जोल के ऊपरी आसाम में स्थित जन्मस्थान पर गर्मी की छुट्टियाँ बिताने जाता है। प्रान्जोल के पिता एक चाय बागान के मैनेजर हैं।

Complete text with hindi translation :

Text (Pages85-86): This is a pen-portrait of a traditional Goan village baker who still has an important place in his society. Our elders are often heard reminiscing nostalgically about those good old Portuguese days, the Portuguese and their famous loaves of bread. Those eaters of loaves might have vanished but the makers are still there.

We still have amongst us the mixers, the moulders and those who bake the loaves. Those age-old time-tested furnaces still exist. The fire in the furnaces has not yet been extinguished. The thud and jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo, heralding his arrival in the morrsing, can still be heard in some places. May be the father is not alive but the son still carries on the family profession. These bakers are, even today, known as pader in Goa.’

Vocabulary :

• pen-portrait (पेन-पोरट्रेट) – describing in words about a person in such a way that its picture is framed in mind, शब्द-चित्र
• reminiscing nostalgically (रेमिनिसिंग नौसटैलजिकली) – thinking fondly of the past, अतीत के बारे में प्रसन्नता से सोचना
• loaves (लोव्स) – large pieces of something like bread, बड़े टुकड़े
• vanish (वैनिश) – disappear, extinct, समाप्त, गायब होना
• moulder (मोलडर) – (here) bread makers/casters, सांचा बनाने वाला
• furnace (फरनेस) – a big fireplace used for cooking, भट्ठी
• extinguished (एक्सटिंग्युश्ड) – to put out the fire, समाप्त होना, बुझना
• thud and jingle (थड एण्ड जिंगल) – kinds of sounds, थब-थब और छनकना
• heralding (हेरालडिंग) – announcing, घोषणा करना।

अनुवाद : यह एक पारंपरिक गोवा के गाँव के ब्रेड (पाव) बनाने वाले का शब्द-चित्र है, जिसका अभी भी उसके समाज में महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान है। हमारे बुजुर्ग, अधिकतर अपने अतीत के बारे में प्रसन्नता से चर्चा करते हुए सुनाई पड़ते हैं अपने पुराने अच्छे पुर्तगाली दिनों की, पुर्तगालियों की, और उनकी मशहूर पाव के टुकड़ों कीं। उन टुकड़ों को खाने वाले चाहे समाप्त हो गए हों परन्तु उन्हें बनाने वाले अभी भी वहाँ हैं।

हमारे बीच अभी भी सामान मिलाने वाले, साँचे में डालने वाले और टुकड़ों को पकाने वाले थे, मौजूद हैं। भट्ठी की अग्नि अभी तक बुझी नहीं है। पारंपरिक पाव बनाने वालों के लट्ठों की थब-थब और छनछनाहट, जो कि सुबह उनके आगमन का संकेत देती थी, अभी भी कई स्थानों पर सुनी जा सकती है। शायद पिता जीवित नहीं हैं परन्तु बेटा अभी भी परिवार के धंधे को आगे बढ़ा रहा है। इन पाव बनाने वालों को, आज भी, गोवा में पादेर से जाना जाता है।

Text (Page 86) : During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide. He used to come at least twice a day. Once, when he set out in the morning on his selling round, and then again, when he returned after emptying his huge basket.

The jingling thud of his bamboo woke us up from sleep and we ran to meet and greet him. Why was it so? Was it for the love of the loaf? Not at all. The loaves were bought by some Paskine or Bastine, the maidservant of the house! What we longed for were those bread-bangles which we chose carefully. Sometimes it was sweet bread of special make.

The baker made his musical entry on the scene with the Shang-jhang sound of his specially made bamboo staff. One hand supported the basket on his head and the other banged the bamboo on the ground. He would greet the lady of the house with ‘Good morning and then place his basket on the vertical bamboo.

We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be delivered to the servant. But we would not give up. We would climb a bench or the parapet and peep into the basket, somehow. I can still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. Loaves for the elders and the bangles for the children.

Then we did not even care to brush our teeth or wash our mouths properly. And why should we? Who would take the trouble of plucking the mangoleaf for the tooth-brush? And why was it necessary at all? The tiger never brushed his teeth. Hot tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all!

Vocabulary :

• bang (बंग) – to hit something to produce sound ज़ोर से मारना
• rebuke (रिव्यूक) – ascolding or disapproval, डाँटना
• fragrance (फ्रेगरेंस) – gweet smell, खुशबू

अनुवाद : गोवा में हमारे बचपन में, पाव-बनाने वाला हमारा दोस्त, साथी और मार्गदर्शक होता था। वह दिन में कम से कम दो बार आया करता था। एक बार, सुबह जब वह अपनी बेंत की टोकरी लेकर निकलता और फिर दोबारा जब शाम को वह अपनी बड़ी सी टोकरी खाली करके वापिस आता। उसके लठ्ठ की छनछनाती हुई थब-थब हमें नींद से उठा देती और हम उससे मिलने और सत्कार करने भागते।

ऐसा क्यों था? क्या ऐसा पाव के टुकड़े के प्रेम के कारण था? बिलकुल नहीं। पाव के टुकड़े तो कोई पासकिन या बासतिन नामक घर की नौकरानी द्वारा खरीदे जाते थे! हम तो जो चाहते थे वे होती थीं वे पाव-चूड़ियाँ जो हमें बहुत ध्यानपूर्वक चुनते थे। कभी-कभी वे विशेष प्रकार से बनी मीठी डबलरोटी होती थीं।

पाव वाले ने अपने विशेष बने लठ्ठ की जंघ-जंघ आवाज़ के साथ दृश्य में संगीतमय प्रवेश किया। एक हाथ उसके सिर की टोकरी को सहारा दे रहा था और दूसरा लठ्ठ को फर्श पर बजा रहा था। वह घर की स्त्री को ‘सुप्रभात’ कह कर सत्कार करता और फिर अपनी टोकरी सीधे खड़े लठ्ठ पर टिका देता। हम बच्चों को एक हल्की डाँट के साथ एक तरफ धकेल दिया जाता और घर के नौकर को पाव दे दिए जाते।

लेकिन हम भी नहीं मानते थे। हम एक बेंच, या मुंडेर पर चढ़ जाते और टोकरी में किसी तरह झाँकते। मुझे अभी भी उन पावों की अलग सी मीठी खुशबू याद है। पाव के टुकड़े बड़ों के लिए और छल्ले बच्चों के लिए। उस समय हम अपने दाँत मंजन करना और मुँह धोने की परवाह तक नहीं करते थे। और करते भी क्यों? कौन आम के पत्तों को, दाँतों की ब्रुश बनाने के लिए, तोड़ने की परेशानी मोल ले? शेर ने कभी अपने दाँत साफ नहीं किए। गरम चाय आखिरकार, सब कुछ अच्छी तरह से धो और साफ कर देगी।

Text (Page 87): Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a feast loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker can be for a village.

The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential.

The baker or bread-seller of those days had a peculiar dress known as the kabai. It was a singlepiece long frock reaching down to the knees. In our childhood we saw bakers wearing a shirt and trousers which were shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants. Even today, anyone who wears a half pant which reaches just below the knees invites the comment that he is dressed like a pader!

Vocabulary :

• feast (फीस्ट) – banquet, दावत;
• essential (एसेन्शियल) – necessary, जरूरी
• peculiar (पिक्यूलियर) – particular, different, अलग

अनुवाद : विवाह के तोहफे बिना मीठी डबलरोटी जिसे बोल कहते हैं के बिना बेमतलब है, उसी प्रकार कोई भी प्रीतिभोज या दावत डबलरोटी के बिना अपना मजा खो देते हैं। इतना भी कहना काफी नहीं है यह बताने के लिए कि एक गाँव के लिए डबलरोटी बनाने वाला कितना महत्त्वपूर्ण है। घर की स्त्री को अपनी बेटी की सगाई के अवसर पर सेंडविच बनाने जरूरी होते हैं। केक और बोलीन्हास क्रिसमस और दूसरे पर्वो पर जरूरी हैं। इस कारण, एक गाँव में पाव बनाने वाले की भट्टी का होना अत्यंत अनिवार्य है। एक पाव बनाने वाला या डबलरोटी-बेचने वाला उन दिनों में एक

अनोखी तरह की पोशाक पहनते थे जिसे कबाई कहते थे। वह एक सम्पूर्ण लम्बी फ्राक होती थी जो घुटने तक पहुँचती थी। अपने बचपन में हम पाव बनाने वालों को एक कमीज़ और ऐसी पैंट पहने हुए देखते थे जो कि पूरी पतलून की लम्बाई से छोटी और निक्कर से लंबी होती थी। आज भी जो कोई ऐसी निक्कर पहने जो कि घुटनों से नीचे तक पहुँचती हो उसे ऐसी टिप्पणी मिलती है कि वह पादेर की तरह तैयार हुआ है।

Text (Page 87) : The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. Monthly accounts used to be recorded on some wall in pencil. Baking was indeed a profitable profession in the old days. The baker and his family never starved.

He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosperous. Their plump physique was an open testimony to this. Even today any person with a jackfruit-like physical appearance is easily compared to a baker.

Vocabulary:

• profitable (प्रोफिटेबल) – beneficial, फायदेमंद
• starved (स्टारवड) – hungry, भूखा;
• prosperous (प्रोस्पेरस) – well-to-do, सम्पन्न
• plump physique (पल्म्प फिज़िक) – pleasantly fat body, गदराया शरीर
• testimony (टेस्टीमनी) – statement. about a character or quality, किसी व्यक्ति विशेष पर टिप्पणी करना
• jackfruit (जैकफ्रूट) – a kind of fruit, कटहल

अनुवाद : पाव बनाने वाला ज्यादातर अपने बिल महीने के अंत में इकट्ठा करता था। महीने का हिसाब किसी दीवार पर पेंसिल से अंकित किया जाता था। पुराने दिनों में पाव पकाना एक फायदेमंद व्यवसाय था। पाव बनाने वाला और उसका परिवार कभी भूखा नहीं रहता था। वो, उसका परिवार और उसके नौकर हमेशा खुश और सम्पन्न नज़र आते थे। उनका गदराया हुआ शरीर इस बात का एक खुला प्रमाण था। आज भी किसी व्यक्ति के कटहल-जैसी शारीरिक छवि को आसानी से पाव बनाने वाले से तुलना की जाती है।

II. Coorg

Textbook Questions

Thinking about the Text :

Question 1.
Where is Coorg ?
कुर्ग कहाँ है?
Answer:
Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka, situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore.

Question 2.
What is the story about the Kodavu people’s descent ?
कोडावू के लोगों के वंश के बारे में कौन सी कथा प्रचलित
Answer:
The story about the Kodavu people’s descent is that they are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. It is believed that a part of Alexander’s army moved south along the coast and settled there when return became impractical. They married amongst the locals. Their culture is distinct from the Hindu mainstream.

Question 3.
What are some of the things you know about:
आप इनके बारे में क्या/कौन-सी चीजें जानते हैं
i. The people of Coorg
कुर्ग के लोगों
ii. The main crop of Coorg
कुर्ग की मुख्य फसल
iii. What sports itoffers toatourist
सेनानियों के लिए यह कौन से खेल प्रदान करते हैं?
iv. What animals you are likely to see in Coorg
कुर्ग में कौन से जानवर मुख्यतः दिखते हैं ? .
v. Its distance from Bangalore, and how to get there
बैंगलूर से उसकी दूरी और वहाँ कैसे पहुंचा जा सकता है ?
Answer:
i. The people of Kodavus have a tradition of hospitality and are more than willing to recount tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. Coorg Regiment is the most decorated regiment in the Indian Army, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry fire arms without a licence.

ii. The main crops of coorg are spices and coffee.

iii. River rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking are few of the sports it offers to a tourist.

iv. Mahaseer-a large water fish, Kingfishers, Squirrels, Langurs, Elephants, Macaques, Malabar squirrels, Slender loris can be seen in this area. Besides these, birds, beer and butterflies are also seen in Coorg.

v. Its distance from Bangalore is around 250-260 km. One can get there either by Air (Indian Airlines from Ahmedabad, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, etc.) or by Road (either via Mysore or via Neelamangal, Kunigal, Chanrayanapatna).

Question 4.
Here are six sentences with words in italics. Find phrases from the text that have the same meaning. (Look at the paragraphs indicated.)
i. During monsoons it rains so heavily that visitors do not visit Coorg. (para 2)
Answer:
It pours enough to keep many visitors away.

ii. Some people say that Alexander’s army moved south along the coast and settled there. (para 3)
Answer:
As one story goes.

iii. The Coorg people are always ready to tell. stories of their son’s and father’s valour. (para 4)
Answer:
Are more than willing to recount.

iv. Even people who normally lead an easy and slow life get smitten by the high energy adventure sports of Coorg. (para 6)
Answer:
The most laidback individuals become converts to the life.

v. The theory of the Arab origin is supported by the long coat with embroidered waist belt they wear. (para 3)
Answer:
draws support from.

vi. Macques, Malabar squirrels observe you carefully from the tree canopy. (para 7)
Answer:
Keep a watchful eye.

Additional questions extract based questions

Answer the questions that follow the extracts in 30-40 words:

1. Mid way between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore sits a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of god. This land of rolling hills is inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures. Coorg or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rain forests, spices and coffee plantation. Evergreen rain forests cover thirty percent of this district.

Question i.
How does the author describe Coorg in this passage?
Answer:
The author calls Coorg as a ‘piece of heaven on earth. He also calls it the Kingdom of God’ because it is a land of rolling hills with evergreen rain forests and so green and beautiful to the eyes.

Question ii.
Why does the author called the inhabitants as a proud race of martial men?
Answer:
The author calls the inhabitants as the proud race of martial men, because there is a story that the early settlers of Coorge were the Greeks. The story says that Alexander’s army moved here and remained here when their return became impractical.

2. Coorg or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantations. Evergreen rainforests cover thirty per cent of this district. During the monsoons, it pours enough to keep many visitors away. The season of joy commences from September and continues till March. The weather is perfect, with some showers thrown in for good measure. The air breathes of invigorating coffee. Coffee estates and colonial bungalows stand tucked under tree canopies in prime corners.

Question i.
What do you know about the climate of Coorg?
Answer:
Coorg has a monsoon climate. It pours enough to keep many visitors away. However, from September to March, the weather is perfect, with a good measure of rains.

Question ii.
Describe the special features of Coorg as you find in the passage.
Answer:
Coorg is home to evergreen rainforests. It has a good monsoon. Weather is perfect for some months. The place is also rich in spices and coffee plantations. There are coffee estates around and the air in Coorg breathes of coffee.

3. Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian army, and the first Chief of the Indian army, General Cariappa, was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

The river, Kaveri, obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg. Mahascer – a large fresh water fish-abound in these waters. Kingfishers dive for their catch, while squirrels and langus drop partially eaten fruit for the mischief of enjoying the splash and the ripple effect in the clear water.

Question i.
How is Coorg associated with ‘tales of valour’?
Answer:
Coorg is associated with tales of valour as the people here are believed to be from the race of martial men. The fiercely independent people of Coorg are believed to be of Greek descent. There is a story that a part of Alexander’s army came and settled here when return became impractical.

Question ii.
Which features in Coorg make it an absolute tourist spot?
Answer:
The beautiful rolling hills, the evergreen forests and the Kaveri river that flows down them attract the tourists. They could also enjoy the sight of large amount of fresh water fish, and the kingfishers that dive for their catch, besides creatures like squirrels, langurs and elephants.

4. Coorg regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian Army, General Cariappa was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

Question i.
How are the Coorgis honoured as descendents of martial men?
Answer:
The Coorg regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian army even today. Also, the Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

Question ii.
Why are they associated with valour?
Answer:
The Coorgis are associated with valour because of their fiercely independent spirit. There is also a story that they are descendants of Greeks. According to that, a part of Alexander’s army moved and settled here when return became impractical.

5. The climb to the Brahmagiri hills brings you into a panoramic view of the entire misty landscape of Coorg. A walk across the rope bridge leads to the sixty-four acre island of Nisargadhama. Running into Buddhist monks from India’s largest Tibetan settlement, at nearby Bylakuppe, is a bonus.

Question i.
What makes for the beauty of Coorg?
Answer:
Coorg is a land of rolling hills. It is covered by evergreen forests and river Kauveri that flows down them. There is also the Brahmagiri hills that gives us a panoramic view of the entire Coorg.

Question ii.
What are the tourist attractions in Coorg, according to this passage?
Answer:
Tourists to Coorg can visit the Brahmagiri hills that gives a panoramic view of the entire landscape of the place. There there is the sixty-four acre island called Nisargadhama. Another attraction is the Tibetian settlement at Bylakuppe.

Short answer type questions

Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words.

Question 1.
What is the Arab story about the descent of the Kodavu people’s ?
Answer:
Coorgis wear a coat called Kuppia and an embroidered waist belt which resembles the Kuffia worn by the Arabs. Thus, supporting the theory that they are descendants of Arabs.

Question 2.
Where is Coorg ? What type of place is it?
Answer:
Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka, situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore. It is a beautiful region of rolling hills and lush green rain forests.

Question 3.
What do you know about ‘Bylakuppe’ as mentioned in the lesson, “Coorg’?
Answer:
‘Bylakuppe’ in Coorg has India’s largest Tibetan settlement.

Question 4.
Why is Coorg called the land of rolling hills ?
Answer:
Coorg is called the land of rolling hills because it has a lot of hills and is itself a hill station. The hills seem to roll down in a panoramic view.

Question 5.
Coorgis are hospitable by nature. Explain.
Answer:
Coorgis are a proud race of martial men and beautiful women. They are very hospitable and entertain their guests by relating stories of bravery of their sons and fathers.

Question 6.
The people of Coorg have a tradition of courage and bravery. How has it been recognised in modern India?
Answer:
Coorgis are a proud race of martial men and beautiful women. They are very hospitable and entertain their guests by relating stories of bravery of their sons and fathers. Coorg soldiers are brave. Coorg regiment is one of the most decorated one in the Indian army. Coorgies are the only people who are permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

Question 7.
Coorg is a tourist’s paradise. Discuss with reference to the extract from ‘Glimpses of India’.
Answer:
Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka, situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore. It is a beautiful region of ‘rolling hills’ and lush green rain forests. It is famous for coffee, spices, and rain forests. It is also famous for hospitality, valour, wildlife and adventure sports.

Question 8.
Describe the wild life of Coorg.
Answer:
A large freshwater fish abound in these waters. Kingfishers dive for their catch. Squirrels and langurs drop partially eaten fruit to enjoy the splash and ripple effect. Elephants enjoy bathing in the river.

Long answer type questions

Answer the following questions in about 100-150 words:

Question 1.
Write a note on the climate and natural wealth of Coorg.
Answer:
Coorg is the land of rolling hills. It is home to evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantations. The weather is perfect, with some showers thrown in for good measure. The river Kaveri obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg.

Coorg can indeed be considered as a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the Kingdom of God. The land is inhabited by beautiful wild creatures like macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs and loris that reside among the thick canopy of trees. These add to the natural beauty and wealth of Coorg. The Brahmagiri hills give a panoramic view of the entire misty landscape of Coorg.

Question 2.
Give a short description of ‘Coorg’ in your own words.
Answer:
Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka, situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore. It is a beautiful region of rolling hills and lush green rain forests. It is also famous for coffee and spices. It is also famous for hospitality, valour, wildlife and adventure sports. Coorgis are a proud race of martial men and beautiful women.

It is believed that they are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. Their culture, marriage and religious rites are different from that of the Hindu mainstream. They also wear a waist belt called kuppia which resembles the kuffia worn by the Arabs. Coorg regiment is one of the most decorated one in the Indian army – Coorgis are the only people allowed to carry firearms without a licence.

Question 3.
What is the story about the Kodavus people’s Greek descent ?
Answer:
It is believed that a part of Alexender’s army moved towards the south along the coast and settled there. When return became impractical, they married amongst the locals. The fact that the marital traditions, marriage and religious rites of Coorgies are different from the Hindu mainstream and closer to Greeks, supports the Greek theory about the Kodavu people’s descent.

They also wear a waistbelt called kuppia. It resembles the kuffia worn by the Arabs and the Kurds. They are very hospitable. They narrate stories of valour of their sons and fathers to their guests.

Question 4.
Coorg, or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen forests, spices and coffee plantations.
Why is Coorg called a piece of heaven from the Kingdom of God ?
Or
Coorg is a wonderful tourist resort. How can we preserve its tourist value ?
Answer:
Coorg is called a piece of heaven as it is located midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore in Karnataka state. It is a beautiful region of rolling hills, beautiful women, brave men and wild creatures. Rainforests cover 30% of the land. It rains heavily during monsoons. Waters from forests and hills feed river Kaveri.

Many animals enjoy in its water. It also provides adventurous sports like rafting, canoeing and rappelling. The climb of the Brahmagiri hills gives a panoramic view of the landscape of Coorg. Nisargadhama has India’s largest Tibetan settlement, at nearby Bylakuppe. The nature, animals and the people of Coorg make it a piece of heaven from the Kingdom of God.

Complete text with hindi translation :

Text (Page 90): Coorg is coffee country, famous for its rainforests and spices. Midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore sits a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of god. This land of rolling hills is inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures.

Coorg, or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantations. Evergreen rainforests cover 30 per cent of this district. During the monsoons, it pours enough to keep many visitors away.

The season of joy commences from September and continues till March. The weather is perfect, with some showers thrown in for good measure. The air breathes of invigorating coffee. Coffee estates and colonial bungalows stand tucked under tree canopies in prime corners.

Vocabulary:

• coastal (कोस्टल) – Tacita तटवर्तीय
• heaven (हेवन) – paradise स्वर्ग
• drifted frorn (ड्रिफ्टिड फ्रॉम) – been carried along gently by the air हल्की हवा के साथ बहाना
• inhabited (इन्हैबिटेड) – (here) residents, occupied, निवास
• martial (मारशियल) – having to do with war, war-like युद्ध से संबंधित
• commences (कमेन्सेस) – to start from शुरुआत
• invigorating (इनविगोरेटिंग) – to give energy शक्ति प्रदान करना
• canopies (कैनोपीज़) – hanging covers that form a shelter छतरी
• prime (प्राइम) – of the best quality बढ़िया

अनुवाद : कुर्ग एक कॉफी का देश है जो अपने वर्षा-वनों और मसालों के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। मैसूर और मैन्गलोर के तटवर्तीय कस्बे के बीच मध्य में एक स्वर्ग का टुकड़ा स्थित है जो कि ज़रूर ईश्वर के दरबार से हल्की हवा के झोंके के साथ आया होगा। यह गोल पहाड़ियों की भूमि गर्वीले युद्ध में लड़ने वाले आदमियों, खूबसूरत महिलाओं और जंगली जीवों से भरी हुई है।

कुर्ग, या कोडागू, कर्नाटक का सबसे छोटा जिला हमेशा हरे-भरे रहने वाले वर्षा वनों, मसालों और कॉफी के पौधों का घर है। सदा हरियाली वाले वर्षा-वन इस ज़िले का 30 प्रतिशत भाग घेरते हैं। मानसून के दिनों में, यह बहुत से यात्रियों को दूर रखने में समर्थ रहते हैं। खुशी का मौसम सितम्बर के महीने में प्रारंभ होता है और मार्च तक चालू रहता है। मौसम, कुछ हलकी बारिशों के साथ जो अच्छी होती हैं, बहुत बढ़िया रहता है। हवा शक्ति प्रदान करने वाली कॉफी से भरी होती है। कॉफी के बागान और संघनिवेशी बंगले मुख्य कोनों में वृक्षों की छतरियों के नीचे खड़े हैं।

Text (Pages 90-91) : The fiercely independent people of Coorg are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. As one story goes, a part of Alexander’s army moved south along the coast and settled here when return became impractical.

These people married amongst the locals and their culture is apparent in the martial traditions, marriage and religious rites, which are distinct from the Hindu mainstream. The theory of Arab origin draws support from the long, black coat with an embroidered waist belt worn by the Kodavus, known as kuppia, it resembles the kuffia worn by the Arabs and the Kurds.

Vocabulary :

• fiercely (फियर्सली) – violent उग्र
• descent (डिसैन्ट) – generation पीढ़ी
• impractical (इमप्रैक्टिकल) – impossible अव्यवहारिक, दुर्गम
• apparent (एपैरेन्ट) – obvious स्पष्ट
• distinct (डिसटिंक्ट) – different, clearly perceptible भिन्न/स्पष्ट रूप से दिखना
• mainstream (मेनस्ट्रीम) – atradition which most people follow रीति जो सभी मानें
• resembles (रिजम्बल्स) – is similar to सदृश हाना।

अनुवाद : कुर्ग के उग्र आजाद लोग शायद ग्रीस या अरब की पीढ़ी के होंगे। जैसे कि एक कथा कही जाती है, सिकन्दर की सेना का एक भाग तट के दक्षिण की तरफ चला गया और वहाँ से वापिस आना जब दुर्गम हो गया तो वहीं बस गए। इन लोगों ने वहाँ के स्थानीय लोगों से विवाह कर लिए और उनकी संस्कृति उनके साहसिक रिवाजों, विवाहों और धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों जो कि हिन्दू मान्यताओं से भिन्न हैं, में साफ/स्पष्ट दिखाई देते हैं। अरब उद्गम का सिद्धान्त, कोडावास द्वारा पहने जाने वाला लंबा, काला कोट एक कढ़ाईदार कमरबन्ध के साथ जिसे कुपिया कहते हैं, से समर्थन पाता है, ये अरबों और कुर्दो द्वारा पहने जाने वाली कुफिया से मिलता-जुलता है।

Text (Page 91): Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of Indian Army, General Cariappa, was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

The river Cauvery obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg. Mahaseer-a large freshwater fish-abound in these waters. Kingfishers dive for their catch, while squirrels and langurs drop partially eaten fruit for the mischief of enjoying the splash and the ripple effect in the clear water. Elephants enjoy being bathed and scrubbed in the river by their mahouts.

Vocabulary :

• squirrel (स्क्विरल) – a small tree climbing animal with bushy tail गिलहरी
• ripple (रिपल) – a series of small waves on surface of water कलकल
• scrubbed (स्क्रब्ड) – brush रगड़ना
• hospitality (हास्पिटैलिटी) – welcoming the guests in a warm, friendly manner आतिथ्य सत्कार
• tales of valour (टैल्स ऑफ वेलोर) – stories of courage and bravery वीरता की कथाएँ
• most decorated (मोस्ट डैकोरेटेड) – having received the maximum number of bravery awards युद्ध में वीरता के लिए सबसे अधिक पदकों से सुशोभित होना।

अनुवाद : कुर्गी के घरों में आतिथ्य-सत्कार एक रिवाज़ है और वे अपने पुत्रों और पिताओं की शौर्य और वीरता की बहुत सारी कथाएँ सुनाने में ज़रूरत से अधिक इच्छुक रहते हैं। कुर्ग रेजिमेन्ट भारतीय सेना की सबसे अधिक शौर्य और वीरता के पुरस्कार (पदक) प्राप्त करने वाली रेजिमेन्ट है। जनरल करियप्पा एक कुर्गी थे। अभी भी भारत में कोडावास ही केवल ऐसे लोग हैं जिन्हें बिना लाइसेन्स के हथियार रखने की इजाज़त है।

कावेरी नदी अपना जल कुर्ग की पहाड़ियों और जंगलों से प्राप्त करती है। महासीर-एक बड़ी स्वच्छ पानी की मछली-इसी जल में पाई जाती है। कौडिल्ला अपना शिकार पकड़ने के लिए फाँद मारता है, जबकि गिलहरियाँ और लंगूर थोड़ा खाया हुआ फल अपनी शरारतों और छपाक का मजा लेने के लिए कल-कल बहते स्वच्छ पानी में गिराते हैं। हाथी नहलाए जाने का और उनके महावत द्वारा नदी में उन्हें रगड़े जाने का मज़ा लेते हैं।

Text (Pages 91-92): The most laidback individuals become converts to the life of high-energy adventure with river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking. Numerous walking trails in this region are a favourite with trekkers.

Birds, bees and butterflies are there to give you company. Macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs and slender loris keep a watchful eye from the tree canopy. I do, however, prefer to step aside for wild elephants. The climb to the Brahmagiri hills brings you into a panoramic view of the entire misty landscape of Coorg.

A walk across the rope bridge leads to the sixty. four-acre island of Nisargadhama. Running into Buddhist monks from India’s largest Tibetan settlement, at nearby Bylakuppe, is a bonus. The monks, in red, ochre and yellow robes, are amongst the many surprises that wait to be discovered by visitors searching for the heart and soul of India, right here in Coorg.

Vocabulary :

• laidback (लेडबैक) – relaxed आरामपसंद
• adventure (अडवेन्चर) exciting experi-ence रोमांचकारी अनुभव
• rafting (राफ्टिंग) – to travel in a river in a raft एक प्रकार की नाव में सैर (सपाट फट्टों से बना सपाट चबूतरानुमा नाव)
• canoeing (कैनोइंग) – to travel in a river in a canoe, a large narrow boat एक प्रकार की लंबी पतली नाव की सैर
• rappelling (रैपलिंग) – going down a cliff by sliding down a rope रस्सी से पहाड़ी से नीचे आना (एक प्रकार का खेल)
• trails (ट्रेल्स) – paths created by walking पगडंडी
• macaques (मॅकाक्स) – a kind of monkey लघुपुच्छ वानर
• loris (लॉरिस) – a kind of monkey लजीला वानर
• panoramic view (पैनोरमिक व्यू) – a view of a wide area of land एक चौड़ी धरती का नज़ारा
• settle-ment (सटलमेन्ट) – residence अधिवास
• ochre (ओकर) – a light red colour गेरू
• robes (रोब्स) – dress पोशाक

अनुवाद : सबसे आलसी इन्सान भी नदी में रॉफ्टिंग, कैनोइंग, रैपलिंग, चट्टान-चढ़ाई और पहाड़ों पर मोटर- साइकलिंग करके परिवर्तित होकर जोशीली जिन्दगी पाते हैं। इस इलाके की अनगिनत चलने वाली पगडंडियाँ, पैदल चलने वालों की (पहाड़ों पर) पसंद होती है। पक्षी, भंवरे, और तितलियाँ वहाँ पर आपका साथ देते हैं। लघुपुच्छ बंदर, मालाबार गिलहरियाँ, लंगूर और लंबे लजीले वानर पेड़ों की छतरी से चौकस नजर रखते हैं। मैं, हालाँकि, जंगली हाथियों से परे हटकर चलना पसंद करूंगा।

ब्रह्मगिरी पहाड़ी की चढ़ाई आपको संपूर्ण रूप से कोहरे से ढकी हुई कुर्ग की प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य का सुंदर दृश्य दिखाएगी। रस्सी के पुल पर चलकर जाने पर चौसठ एकड़ के निसारगमा जंजीरे पर पहुँचते हैं। भारत के सबसे बड़े तिब्बती अधिवास से, बाएलाकुप्पे के समीप बौद्ध भिक्षुओं के पास पहुँचना एक अभिलाभ है। भारत के दिल और आत्मा की खोज कर रहे यात्रियों के लिए, यहाँ कुर्ग में, लाल, गेरू और पीली पोशाकों वाले भिक्षु उन बहुत से आश्चर्यों में से एक हैं जो उन्हें अभी खोजने हैं।

III. Tea from Assam

Textbook Questions

Thinking about Language :

Question 1.
Look up these words upkeep, downpour, undergo, dropout, walk-in. They are built up from a verb (keep, pour, go, drop, walk) and an adverb or participle (up, down, under, out, in).
Can you use these words appropriately in the sentences below:

1. They have forecast a heavy downpour due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal.
2. Rakesh will undergo major surgery tomorrow morning.
3. My brother is responsible for the up-keep of our family property.
4. The drop-out rate for this accountancy course is very high.
5. She has gone to the Enterprise Company to attened a walk-in interview.

Question 2.
Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by combining the verb given in brackets with one of the words-over, by, through, out, up, or down-as appropriate.

1. The Army attempted unsuccessfully to throw over the Government. (throw)
2. Scientists are on the brink of a major break through in cancer research. (break)
3. The State Government plans to build a by pass for Bhubaneswar to speed up traffic on the main highway. (pass)
4. Gautama’s out look on life changed when he realised that the world is full of sorrow. (look)
5. Rakesh seemed unusually down cast after the game. (cast)

Question 3.
Notice how these-ing and -ed adjectives are used:
(a) Chess is an interesting game – I am very interested in chess.
(b) Going trekking in the Himalayas this summer is an exciting idea – We are very excited about the trek.
(c) Are all your school books this boring? – He was bored as he had no friends there.
The -ing adjectives …….. given above.

How would you describe :

1. a good detective serial on television? Thrilling
2. a debate on your favourite topic ‘homework should be banned’ ? Interesting
3. how you feel when you stay indoors due to uncessant rain ? Bored
4. how you feel when you open a present you have got ? Excited
5. how you feel when you watch your favourite programme on television ? thrilled/excited.
6. the look on your mother’s face as you waited in a queue ? tired/exhausted
7. how you feel when tracking a tiger in a tiger reserve forest ? excited/scared
8. the story you have recently read, or a film you have seen ? boring

Writing:

Question 1.
Now use the adjectives in the exercise above, as appropriate, to write a paragraph about Coorg.
Answer:
Coorg, or Kodagu is the smallest district of Karnataka and is home to evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantation. Its an exciting and interesting place to visit. This fascinating land of rolling hills is inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures. The fiercely independent people of Coorg are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent.

The Coorg army is the most decorated in the Indian Army. The forests are full with interesting and surprising wonders and animals. The place provides numerous thrilling and adventurous sports like rafting, canoeing, rock climbing and mountain biking.

The hills of Brahmagiri provides various surprising wonders which wait to be discovered by visitors searching for the heart and soul of India, including the panoramic view of Coorg numerous monks wearing and red, ochre and yellow coloured robes in India’s largest Tibetan settlement.

Additional questions extract based questions

Answer the questions that follow the extracts in 30-40 words:

1. “Chai garam…garam chai,” a vendor called out in a high pitched voice. He came up to their window and asked, “Chai, sa’ab”? “Give us two cups,” Pranjol said. They sipped the steaming hot liquid. Almost everyone in their compartment was drinking tea too. “Do you know that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day all over the world ?”Rajvir said.

Question i.
Where are the boys travelling and for what purpose?
Answer:
The boys are travelling to Assam. They both are friends. Pranjol, whose father is the manager of a tea-garden in Upper Assam, has invited Rajvir to his place during the summer vacation.

Question ii.
How can we say from the passage that tea is a popular drink across the globe?
Answer:
From the passage we come to know that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day all over the world. Also, as we learn, almost everyone in the compartment that Pranjol and Rajvir are travelling in was drinking tee from the chai vendor.

2. The train pulled out of the station. Pranjol buried his nose in his detective book again. Rajvir too was an ardent fan of detective stories, but at the moment he was keener on looking at the beautiful scenery. It was green, green everywhere. Rajvir had never seen so much greenery before. Then the soft green paddy fields gave way to tea bushes.

It was a magnificent view. Against the backdrop of densely wooded hills a sea of tea bushes stretched as far as the eye could see. Dwarfing the tiny tea plants were tall sturdy shade-trees and amidst the orderly rows of bushes busily moved doll-like figures. In the distance was an ugly building with smoke billowing out of tall chimneys.

Question i.
What did the boys do after the train pulled out of the station and why?
Answer:
As the train pulled out of the station, Pranjol started reading his detective book. Rajvir started looking out of the window and he was interested in the beautiful scenery outside. Pranjol was not interested in the scenery as he was born and brought up in a plantation and the sceneries were not new to him.

Question ii.
Describe the magnificent beauty of the plantation as you understand from the passage.
Answer:
The plantation, with a sea of tea bushes, stretched as far as the eye could see. Behind it were the densely wooded hills. There were tall sturdy shade trees too.

3. It was a magnificent view. Against the backdrop of densely wooded hills a sea of tea bushes stretched as far as the eye could see. Dwarfing the tiny tea plants were tall sturdy shade-trees and amidst the orderly rows of bushes busily moved dolllike figures. In the distance was an ugly building with smoke billowing out of tall chimneys. “Hey, a tea gardenil” Rajvir cried excitedly.

Question i.
How did the plantation look ?
Answer:
The plantation looked magnificent. It was a sea of tea bushes stretching long, and had a backdrop of densely wooded hills. They tea bushes were orderly and were dwarfed by tall sturdy shade trees.

Question ii.
What interested Rajvir as he was looking out of the train?
Answer:
As the train pulled out, Rajvir got interested in the beautiful scenery outside. Pranjol however started reading his detective book. Rajvir was excited at seeing the tea plantations, the densely wooded hills, the tall trees and the dolllike figures who were the tea pluckers.

4. “Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far back as 2700 B.C. ! In fact words such as tea, ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century and was drunk more as medicine than as beverage”. The train clattered into Moriani junction. The boy collected their luggage and pushed their way to the crowded platform. Pranjol’s parents were waiting for them.

Question i.
Trace the history of tea’ from the information shared by Rajvir to Pranjol
Answer:
Tea was first drunk in China. There was an emperor who tasted it first when some tea leaves fell into the water being boiled for him. The words ‘chai’ are from Chineese. The Europeans started drinking tea as medicine in the sixth century.

Question ii.
What is the Indian legend about tea as Rajvir tells Pranjol?
Answer:
Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic cut off his eyelids to keep himself awake during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of those eyelids. The leaves of those plants, when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep.

5. An hour later the car veered sharply off the main road. They crossed a cattle bridge and entered Dhekiabari Tea Estate. On both sides of the gravel road were acre upon acre of tea bushes, all neatly pruned to the same height.

Groups of tea-pluckers, with bamboo baskets on their backs, wearing plastic aprons, were plucking the newly sprouted leaves. Pranjol’s father slowed down to allow a tractor, pulling a trailer-load of tea leaves, to pass. “This is the second-flush or sprouting period, isn’t it Mr. Barua?” Rajvir asked. “It lasts from May to July and yields the best tea”.

Question i.
Why was Rajvir taken to the Dhekibari Tea Estate?
Answer:
Rajvir was taken to the tea estate to gather more information about tea plantations. He was a friend of Pranjol, whose father was the manager of the estate. Pranjol had invited Rajvir to his place during the summer vacation.

Question ii.
Can we say that Rajvir had enough knowledge about tea than Pranjol, the son of the tea estate manager? Justify?
Answer:
Yes, Rajvir was not only enthusiastic but also had more knowledge about tea than Pranjol. He told Pranjol about the different legends of tea. Also, he was able to identify the second-flush or sprouting period of the tea plants, and knew that it lasted from May and July and yields the best tea.

6. Pranjol’s father slowed down to allow a tractor, pulling a trailer-load of tea leaves, to pass. “This is the second-flush or sprouting period, isn’t it, Mr. Barua ?” Rajvir asked. “It lasts from May to July and yields the best tea.” ”You seem to have done your homework before coming.” Pranjol’s father said in surprise. “Yes, Mr. Barua,”Rajvir admitted.”But I hope to learn much more while I’m here.”

Question i.
How was Rajvir benefitted by his visit to Assam with Pranjol?
Answer:
On his way to Assam, Rajvir thoroughly enjoyed the scenic beauty outside the train. He was carried by the magnificent view of tea plantations, the wooded hills and the tall sturdy trees.

Question ii.
How informative Rajvir proved to be during his visit to the tea estate?
Answer:
As he was taken to the tea estate, Rajvir not only enjoyed the beauty but also shared his knowledge with Mr. Barua. He ensured that it was the second-flush or sprouting period of the tea plants, that it lasted from May to July and yielded the best tea.

Short answer type questions

Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words.

Question 1.
What happened to the Chinese emperor in “Tea from Assam” who always boiled water before drinking it ?
Or
What is the Chinese story about the discovery of tea ?
Answer:
A Chinese emperor had the habit of drinking boiled water. One day a twig fell into the pot in which water was being boiled. It gave delicious flavour to the water. It is said that those were tea leaves.

Question 2.
Describe the scenery that Rajvir saw as soon as the train pulled out of the station.
Answer:
When the train moved ahead, there were huge fields full of green plantations. Rajvir had never seen so much greenery. He called it a ‘magnificent view’. The bushes were spread like a sea against the backdrop of densely wooded hills.

Question 3.
How does Rajvir describe the teagarden at Dhekiabari ?
Answer:
On both sides of the gravel road were acres and acres of neatly pruned tea bushes. It was the second sprouting period. Women wearing plastic aprons were plucking new tea leaves and putting them in the bamboo baskets.

Question 4.
Why did Rajvir visit Assam ?
Answer:
Rejvir had been invited by his classmate Pranjol, who was from Assam, to visit his home during the summer vacation.

Question 5.
How long does the second flush or sprouting period last ?
Answer:
There are two flushes or sprouting periods. The second sprouting period lasts from May to July.

Question 6.
How are tea pluckers different from other farm labourers ?
Answer:
The tea pluckers are different from other farm labourers. The women plucking tea leaves in the tea gardens look like dolls. They wear plastic aprons and carry baskets at their backs to put tea leaves in them.

Long answer type questions

Answer the following questions in about 100-150 words:

Question 1.
What are the legends related to the discovery of tea ?
Answer:
There are many popular legends about the discovery of tea. Two of them are as follows A Chinese emperor used to drink boiled water. One day a twig from the tea plant fell into the pot in which water was being boiled. It gave a delicious flavour to the drink. It is said that those were tea leaves.

An Indian legend goes like this. Once there was a Buddhist ascetic who used to feel sleepy during meditations. So he cut off his eyelids. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. When the leaves from these plants were put in hot water and drunk they banished sleep.

Question 2.
What details do you gather about tea from the lesson, “Tea from Assam’?
Or
What information do you gather about the history of tea after reading the lesson, “Tea from Assam’?
Answer:
Tea was first drunk in China. Even the words ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are Chinese. It goes back to 2700 B.C. In the 16th century, tea came to Europe and was drunk more as a medicine than as a beverage. Assam has the largest concentration of tea plantations in the world. There are large groups of women with bamboo baskets on their backs. They pluck the newly sprouted tea leaves from the plants and store them in the baskets.

Question 3.
What landscape did Rajvir notice while sitting in the train ?
Answer:
Rajvir was fascinated by the scenic beauty of the place. There were vast green tea gardens on both sides of the road. The tall trees at the back of the gardens in the forest on the rolling hills looked beautiful. The women plucking tea leaves looked like dolls. On the way he saw people drinking tea. He also saw an ugly building with smoke coming out of its chimneys.

Rajvir was received by Mrs. and Mr. Barua and was taken towards Dhekiabari Tea Estate. On both sides of the gravel road were acres and acres of neatly pruned tea bushes. It was the second sprouting period. Women were wearing plastic aprons and plucking new tea leaves and putting them in the bamboo baskets on their backs.

Complete text with hindi translation :

Text (Page 94) : Pranjol, a youngster from Assam, is Rajvir’s classmate at school, in Delhi. Pranjol’s father is the manager of a tea garden in upper Assam and Pranjol has invited Rajiv to visit his home during the summer vacation.

“Chai.garam…garam-chai,” a vendor called out in a high-pitched voice.
He came up to their window and asked, “Chai, sa’ab”.
“Give us two cups”, Pranjol said.
They sipped the steaming hot liquid. Almost everyone in their compartment was drinking tea too.
“Do you know that over 800,000,000 cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world”? Rajvir asked.
“Whew!” exclaimed Pranjol. “Tea really is very popular.”

The train pulled out of the station. Pranjol buried his nose in his detective book again. Rajvir too was an ardent fan of detective stories, but at the moment he was keener on looking at the beautiful scenery.

Vocabulary:

• compartment (कम्पार्टमेन्ट)-a box, divided portion रेल की बोगी;
• vendor (वेन्डर)-seller, बेचने वाला, फेरी वाला;
• ardent (आरडेन्ट) – strong प्रबल।

अनुवाद : प्रान्जोल, एक आसामी बालक है जो दिल्ली के एक स्कूल में राजवीर का सहपाठी है। प्रान्जोल के पिता ऊपरी आसाम के एक चाय बागान के मैनेजर हैं और प्रान्जोल ने राजवीर को गर्मियों की छुट्टियों में अपने घर आने का निमंत्रण दिया है।
“चाय-गरम, गरम चाय,” एक फेरी वाले ने ऊँची आवाज़ में बुलाया।
वह उनकी खिड़की तक आया और पूछा, “चाय साहब?” “हमें दो कप दे दो,” प्रान्जोल ने कहा।
उन्होंने गरम भाप वाला पेय चुस्की लेकर पिया। लगभग हर कोई उस बोगी में चाय पी रहा था।
“क्या तुम जानते हो कि लगभग 800.000.000 चाय के कप समूचे संसार में हर रोज़ पिए जाते हैं?” राजवीर ने कहा। “वाह!” प्रान्जोल ने हैरानी जताई। “चाय वास्तव में बहुत मशहूर है।” रेल स्टेशन से बाहर निकली। प्रान्जोल ने फिर से अपनी जासूसी पुस्तक पढ़नी शुरु कर दी। राजवीर भी जासूसी कहानियों का एक प्रबल प्रशंसक था, परन्तु उस समय वह खूबसूरत दृश्य देखना चाह रहा था।

Text (Pages 94-95): It was green, green everywhere. Rajvir had never seen so much greenery before. Then the soft green paddy fields gave way to tea bushes.

It was a magnificent view. Against the backdrop of densely wooded hills a sea of tea-bushes stretched as far as the eye could see. Dwarfing the tiny tea plants were tall sturdy shade-trees and amidst the orderly rows of bushes busily moved doll-like figures. In the distance was an ugly building with smoke billowing out of tall chimneys.

“Hey, a tea garden!” Rajvir cried excitedly.
Pranjol, who had been born and brought up on a plantation, didn’t share Rajvir’s excitement.

Vocabulary :

• Paddy fields (पैडी फील्डस) – saplings of rice growing in fields धान के खेत
• magnificent (मैग्नीफिसेन्ट)-wonderful बहुत बढ़िया
• backdrop (बैकड्राप) – back ground पृष्ठपर
• dwarfing (ड्वारफिंग) – short in length बौना, नाटा
• sturdy (स्टरडी) – firm दृढ़
• amidst (अमिइस्ट) – in between के बीच में
• billowing (बिलोइंग) – torise in big waves बड़ी तरंगों में लहराता हुआ।

अनुवाद : हर जगह हरा ही हरा था। राजवीर ने पहले कभी भी इतनी अधिक हरियाली नहीं देखी थी। उसके बाद नरम हरे धान के खेतों ने चाय की झाड़ियों को जगह दे दी। (धान के खेत समाप्त हो गए और चाय के बागान दिखाई पड़ने लगे।) वह बहुत ही शानदार दृश्य था। घने पेड़ों वाली पहाड़ियों की पृष्ठपट पर दूर जहाँ तक नहरें देख पाएँ चाय की झाड़ियों का एक समुद्र-सा फैला हुआ था।

छोटे चाय के पौधों को बौना करते हुए लंबे दृढ़ छायादार वृक्ष थे और बीच में तरकीब से लगी झाड़ियों की कतारों में गुड़िया जैसी हिलती आकृतियाँ थीं। (चाय के पत्ते तोड़ने वाली स्त्रियाँ) कुछ दूरी पर एक भद्दी इमारत थी जिसकी लंबी चिमनियों से धुआँ तरंगों में लहरा रहा था। “देखो, एक चाय बागान!” राजवीर खुशी से चिल्लाया। प्रान्जोल, जो इन्हीं पौधों में पैदा और बड़ा हुआ था राजवीर की उत्सुकता को नहीं बाँट सका।

Text (Page 95) : “Oh, this is tea-country now,” he said. “Assam has the largest concentration of plantations in the world. You will see enough gardens to last you a lifetime!”
“I have been reading as much as I could about tea,” Rajvir said. “No one really knows who discovered tea but there are many legends.”
“What legends?”
“Well, there’s the one about the Chinese emperor who always boiled water before drinking it. One day a few leaves of the twigs burning under the pot fell into the water giving it a delicious flavour. It is said they were tea leaves.”
“Tell me another!” scoffed Pranjol.
“We have an Indian legend too. Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic, cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep.

Vocabulary:

• concentration (कन्सनट्रेशन) – pay deep attention ध्यान लगाना
• legends (लेजेंड्स) – great old popular stories दन्तकथाएँ
• scoffed (स्कोफ्ड) – taunt उपहास करना
• ascetic (ऐसेटिक) – monk, तपस्वी, भिक्षु
• banished (बैनिश्ड) – vanish गायब करना दूर भगाना

अनुवाद : “अच्छा, यह अब एक चाय का देश है,” उसने कहा। “आसाम में संसार की सबसे अधिक घनत्व की खेती है। तुम यह एक पूरी जिन्दगी तक देख पाओ इतने बागान हैं। मैं जितना पढ़ पाया उतना मैंने चाय के बारे में पढ़ा है।” राजवीर ने कहा। “कोई सही से नहीं जानता कि चाय की खोज किसने की परन्तु उसके बारे में कई दन्तकथाएँ हैं।” “क्या हैं दन्तकथाएँ?”
“खैर, एक तो है एक चीन के महाराजा की जो पानी पीने से पहले उसे हमेशा उबालता था। एक दिन एक टहनी के कुछ पत्ते उसके नीचे जल रहे पानी के बर्तन में जा गिरे और उसे एक स्वादिष्ट सुगन्ध प्रदान कर दी। यह कहा जाता है कि वे चाय की पत्तियाँ थी।”
“मुझे दूसरी सुनाओ!” प्रान्जोल ने उपहास किया।
“हमारी एक भारतीय दन्तकथा भी है। बोधिधर्मा, नामक एक बौद्ध भिक्षु था, जिसने अपनी पलकें काट दी थीं क्योंकि उसे ध्यान लगाते समय नींद आती थी। उन पलकों में से दस चाय के पौधे उग गए। इन पौधों की पत्तियाँ यदि गर्म पानी में डाली जाएँ और पिया जाए तो नींद दूर भागती है।

Text (Page 95): “Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far back as 2700 B.C.! In fact words
such as tea, chai and chini are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century and was drunk more as medicine than a beverage.”

The train clattered into Mariani junction. The boys collected their luggage and pushed their way to the crowded platform.
Pranjol’s parents were waiting for them.
Soon they were driving towards Dhekiabari, the tea garden managed by Pranjol’s father.
An hour later the car veered sharply off the main road. They crossed a cattle-bridge and entered Dhekiabari Tea Estate.

Vocabulary:

• beverage (बीवरेज) – drinks like tea and coffee पेय
• clattered (क्लेय्ड) – (here) stopped making a sound खड़खड़ाना
• veered (वीयर्ड) – turned घूमना

अनुवाद : “चाय सबसे पहले चीन में पी गई थी”, राजवीर ने जोड़ा, 2700 B.C. से भी पहले! यहाँ तक की ये शब्द जैसे टी, चाय और चीनी सभी चीनी भाषा के हैं। यूरोप में चाय केवल 16वीं शताब्दी में आई थी और यह पेय के बजाय दवाई के तौर पर ज्यादा पी जाती थी।”
रेल खड़खड़ाती हुई मारीआनी जन्कशन पर रुक गई। लड़कों ने अपना सामान इकट्ठा किया और खचाखच भरे हुए प्लेटफार्म पर चल पड़े।
प्रान्जोल के माता-पिता उनका इंतजार कर रहे थे। जल्द ही वे धेकिआबारी उन चाय बागान जिसकी प्रान्जोल के पिता देखरेख करते थे, की ओर चल पड़े।
एक घण्टे पश्चात् कार तेजी से मुख्य सड़क की ओर मुड़ी। उन्होंने एक मवेशी-पुल पार किया और धेकियाबारी टी एस्टेट में पहुँच गए।

Text (Pages 95-96): On both sides of the gravelroad were acre upon acre of tea bushes, all neatly pruned to the same height. Groups of women pluckers, with bamboo baskets on their backs, wearing plastic aprons, were plucking the newly sprouted leaves.

Pranjol’s father slowed down to allow a tractor, pulling a trailer-load of tea leaves, to pass:
“This is the second-flush or sprouting period, isn’t it, Mr Barua?” Rajvir asked. “It lasts from May to July and yields the best tea.”
“You seem to have done your homework before coming,” Pranjol’s father said in surprise.
“Yes, Mr Barua,” Rajvir admitted. “But I hope to learn much more while I’m here.”

Vocabulary :

• pruned (प्रून्ड) -trimmed काटनाछाँटना
• trailor-load (ट्रेलर-लोड) – a cart रेड़ा-गाड़ी।

अनुवाद : पत्थरों वाली सड़क के दोनों किनारों पर ऐकड़ के ऐकड़ चाय की झाड़ियाँ थीं, जो सफाई से काट-छाँट कर समान ऊँचाई की हुई थीं। चाय तोड़ने वाली महिलाओं के झुण्ड जो कि अपनी पीठों पर बाँस की टोकरियाँ लादे हुई थीं, प्लास्टिक के ऐप्रन पहने थीं, नई जन्मी पत्तियाँ तोड़ रही थीं। प्रान्जोल के पिता ने गाड़ी धीमी कर ली ताकि चाय की पत्तियों से भरी एक रेड़ा-गाड़ी वाला ट्रेक्टर निकल जाए :
“यह दूसरी-फसल या अंकरण का समय है, है ना श्रीमान बरुआ?” राजवीर ने पूछा। “यह मई से जुलाई तक चलेगा और सबसे बढ़िया चाय पैदा करेगा!””ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि यहाँ आने से पहले तुमनें अपना गृहकार्य अच्छी तरह से किया है।” प्रान्जोल के पिता ने आश्चर्य से कहा।
“जी श्रीमान बरुआ,” राजवीर ने माना, “परन्तु मुझे उम्मीद है कि जब तक मैं यहाँ हूँ मुझे और ज़्यादा सीखने को मिलेगा।”

Class 10 English Question Answer