CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 7 with Solutions

Practicing the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology with Solutions Set 7 allows you to get rid of exam fear and be confident to appear for the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 7 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours.
Max. Marks: 80

General Instructions:

The question paper is divided into four sections.
There are 38 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
Section A includes questions No. 1-20. These are MCQ-type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
Section B includes questions No. 21-29. These are very short answer-type questions carrying 2 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
Section C includes questions No. 30-35. They are short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
Section D includes questions No. 36-38. They are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 200 words. Question no. 36 is to be answered with the help of the passage given.

Section A (20 Marks)

Question 1.
A falling dependency ratio can be a source of economic growth and prosperity due to the larger proportion of workers relative to non-workers. This is sometimes referred to as the __________.[1].
(a) Demographic dividend.
(b) Demographic change.
(c) Population growth.
(d) Dependency ratio.
Answer:
(a) Demographic dividend.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) The principal reasons for the decline in the death rate after 1921 were increased levels of control over famines and epidemic diseases. Reason (R) The major epidemic diseases in the past were fevers of various sorts, plague, smallpox, and cholera.[1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3.
When did the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act come into force in India? [1].
(b) 1992
(d) 1999
(a) 1991
(c) 1996
Answer:
(c) 1996

Question 4.
To ensure their political control, the White European minority developed the policy of ________ [1].
(a) Assimilation.
(b) Population control.
(c) Integration.
(d) Apartheid.
Answer:
(d) Apartheid.

Question 5.
In the year______Black majority under the leadership of the African National Congress and Nelson Mandela form the government in South Africa.[1].
(a) 1992
(b) 1993
(c) 1994
(d) 1995
Answer:
(c) 1994

Question 6.
Assertion (A) Although ‘national integration’ is a constant theme in state policy, India has not been ‘integrationist’. Reason (R) The Constitution declares the state to be a secular state, but religion, language, and other such factors are not banished from the public sphere. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 7.
‘After Independence, initially, the Indian state continued with the British-Indian arrangement dividing India into large provinces, also called ‘presidencies’.” Which of the following Indian cities were established as major presidencies during British rule in India? [1].
I. Madras
II. Bombay
III. Calcutta
IV Delhi
(a)I and II
(b)I and III
(c) I,II, and III
(d) I, II, III, and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II, and III

Question 8.
Potti Sriramulu’s martyrdom provoked violent protests and led to the creation of the state of_____ [1].
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(b) Andhra Pradesh.

Question 9.
Who laid importance on free inquiry to bring social change? [1].
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy
(b) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
(c) Raja Ravi Varma
(d) Dr. B R Ambedkar
Answer:
(b) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

Question 10.
Assertion (A) Raja Ram Mohun Roy was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj movement in 1828. Reason (R) His influence was apparent fields of politics, public administration, and education as well as religion. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 11.
“The changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule. It includes changes that occur at different levels such as technology, institutions, ideology, and values.” Who defined the above-mentioned statements in the context of westernization? [1].
(a) M N Srinivas
(b) Jyotirao Phule
(c) Raja Rammohun Roy
(d) Swami Vivekananda
Answer:
(a) M N Srinivas.

Question 12.
Which of the following statements is correct about the second phase of the green revolution in India? [1].
(a) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced only in semi-arid regions of India.
(b) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in dry and semi-arid regions of India.
(c) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in the rice and wheat regions of India.
(d) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced only in South India.
Answer:
(b) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in dry and semi-arid regions of India

Question 13.
In Contract farming, the company identifies______to be grown, provides the and other inputs as well as technical know-how. [1].
(a) grass, money.
(b) crops, seeds.
(c) crops, money.
(d) seeds, money.
Answer:
(b) Crops, seeds.

Question 14.
Assertion (A) Men migrate out periodically in search of work and better wages. Reason (R) Commercialisation of agriculture has led to the growth of migrant agricultural labor.[1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 15.
Which of the following theorists is/are not associated with the argument that the use of machinery actually de-skills workers? [1].
I. Max Weber
II. Emile Durkheim
III. Karl Marx
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) BothI and III
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question 16.
______ is/are important components of employment opportunity. [1].
(a) Self-employment
(b) Organisational job
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question 17.
‘After 1990, the Government of India has followed a policy of liberalization. Under this policy, the private companies, especially foreign firms, were encouraged to invest in sectors which were earlier reserved only for the government, including telecom, civil aviation, power, etc.” Read the abov6 mentioned statements and mention the term that is used to call when the government tried to sell its share in several public sector companies.[1].
(a) Industrialisation .
(b) Disinvestment.
(c) De-colonisation .
(d) Globalisation.
Answer:
(b) Disinvestment.

Question 18.
Assertion (A) When Raja Rammohun Roy campaigned against Sati and formed the Brahmo Samaj, defenders of Sati formed Dharma Sabha and petitioned the British not to legislate against Sati. Reason (R) While social movements seek to bring social change, counter-movements sometimes arise in defense of the status quo. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 19.
Who founded the Textile Labour Association (TLA) in the year 1918 in India?[1].
(a) B P Wadia.
(b) Ballabhbhai Patel.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi.
(d) V V Giri.
Answer:
(c) Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 20.
Where did the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) establish?[1].
(a) Bombay.
(b) Poona.
(c) Calcutta.
(d) Delhi.
Answer:
(a) Bombay.

Section B (18 Marks)

Question 21.
Write a brief note on Savitribai Phule in the context of Indian social reforms.[2].
Answer:
Savitribai Phule was an Indian social reformer, educationalist, and poet from Maharashtra. She played a significant role in improving women’s rights in India. She was the first headmistress of the country’s first school for girls in Pune. She devoted her life to educating Shudras and Ati-Shudras. She started a night school for agricultural workers and laborers.

Question 22.
What does the term ‘adivasi1 mean and who are the tribal people? Explain. [2].
Answer:
The term ‘Adivasi’ is commonly known as ‘indigenous people’ or ‘original inhabitants’. It was a part of the struggle against the intrusion by the colonial government and outside settlers and moneylenders.

In the Indian subcontinent, generally tribal people are known as ‘Adivasi’. The term is a modern Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by tribal political activists to give an indigenous identity to tribal people by claiming indigenous origin.

Question 23.
Who was Sir Syed Ahmed Khan? Mention his contributions with regard to Indian Muslim women and social reforms [2].
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was an Indian Muslim reformer and educationist during 1 9th century British rule in India. He was born into a family with strong ties with Mughal Court. He was one of those pioneers who recognized the critical role of education in the empowerment of the poor and backward Muslim community.

He stood for women’s education but sought a curriculum that included instruction in religious principles, training in the arts of housekeeping and handicrafts, and the rearing of children.

Question 24.
“In recent times there have been many such examples from around the world. Nations or communities that were on the ‘winning’ side, or that are still in a dominant position, are beginning to accept that they have been responsible for grave injustices in the past and are seeking to apologize to the affected communities.”Highlight the recent official apology from Japan to the people who were affected during the imperial wars.
OR
The characteristic feature of the modern era is the establishment of democracy and nationalism as the dominant source of political legitimacy. Elaborate. [2].
Answer:
In Japan, official policy has long recognized the need to apologize for the atrocities of war and colonization during the periods when Japan occupied parts of East Asia including Korea and parts of China. The most recent apology is from a 15th August 2005 speech by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi.

The characteristic feature of the modern era is the establishment of democracy and nationalism as the dominant sources of political legitimacy. This means that today ‘the nation’ is the most accepted justification for a state, while ‘the people’ are the ultimate source of legitimacy of the nation. In other words, states need the nation as much as nations need states.

Question 25.
Write a brief note on Gender and Sanskritisation. [2].
OR
“What marked these 19th-century social reform attempts was the modern context and mix of ideas”? Interpret the given statement
Answer:
Sanskritisation refers to the adoption of customs, culture, beliefs, and lifestyle of high-caste people by the lower caste or other groups of people. It affects men and women differently, as men belonging to lower castes can uplift their position but women will be more disempowered.

The women face more discrimination and also are faced with the evils of dowry to become part of high caste people. The position of women is weaker among high-caste groups of people.

The 1 9th-century social reform attempts were the modern context and mix of ideas in the following ways:
(i) It was a creative combination of modern ideas of western liberalism and a new look at traditional literature.
(ii) Raja Ram Mohun Roy attacked the practice of sati on the basis of both appeals to humanitarian and national rights doctrines as well as Hindu shastras.

(iii) Ranade’s writings entitled The Texts of the Hindu Law on the Lawfulness of the Remarriage of Widows and Vedic Authorities for Widow Marriage’.
(iv) Kandukiri Viresalingam’s The Sources of Knowledge’ reflected his familiarity with navy-Nyaya logic.

There are some significant effects of the large-scale circulation of labor on rural society. These are as follows:
(i) Cultivation has become a female task, as male family members spend much of the year working outside of their village.
(ii) Women are also emerging as the main source of agricultural labor, leading to the ‘feminization of the agricultural labor force.

Question 26.
What is the main objective of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana? [2].
OR
What are the significant effects of the large-scale circulation of labor on rural society? Explain.
Answer:
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) was launched in the year 2015. The main objective of DDUGJY is to provide a necessary-uninterrupted power supply to rural India. This scheme will not transform the rural economy and agriculture but also transform the agrarian structure and rural society.

Question 27,
Highlight the movement of the Bombay Textile Strike of 1982. [2].
Answer:
The Bombay Textile Strike of 1982 was led by the trade union leader Dr. Datta Samant. The strike lasted for nearly two years. The workers wanted better wages and also wanted the right to form their union. The government refused to listen to the worker’s demands.

After some time people started working as they were desperate and nearly one lakh workers lost their jobs and went back to the village or took up casual labor, others worked in power loom sectors in towns like Bhiwandi, Malegaon, and Icchalkaranji, etc. According to the Bombay Industrial Relations Act, a union had to be ’approved’, and only it could be ‘approved’ if it could give away the idea of strikes

Question 28.
With what objectives did new farmers’ movements began in the 1970s? [2].
Answer:
The New Farmers Movement began in the 1970s, in Punjab and Tamil Nadu. These movements are regionally organized, were non-party and involved farmers rather than peasants.
Objectives of the new Farmers Movement are as follows:
(i) The basic ideology of the movement was strongly anti-state and anti-urban.
(ii) Novel methods of agitation were used such as blocking roads and railways and refusing politicians’ and bureaucrats’ entry to villages.

Question 29.
Write a brief note on the Tebhaga Movement of 1946-47. [2].
Answer:
The Tebhaga movement was a militant campaign initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha in 1946. The word tebhaga literally means three shares of harvests. It was a struggle of sharecroppers (bargadars) to retain a two-thirds share of the produce for themselves instead of the customary half.

The movement was the outcome of the politicization of the peasantry which was made possible because of the efforts and support of the Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Kisan Sabha.

Section C (24 Marks)

Question 30.
The institution of caste underwent major changes during the colonial period. Explain [4].
Answer:
The institution of caste underwent major changes during the colonial period. Some of the changes in the caste system are as follows:
(i) The study of the social hierarchies and discriminatory patterns was done exclusively by British scholars to govern India.

(ii) Colonial state has an intervention in land revenue settlement and related arrangements and laws to give legal recognition to the customary rights of the upper caste.
(iii) By the end of the colonial period, the administration also took a new shape in the welfare of the caste, referred to as the depressed Class’ of its time.

(iv) In 1935, the Government of India Act gave legal recognition to caste with the name of ’Schedule’. This marked the emergence of ‘Schedule Caste’ and ’Schedule Tribe’.

Question 31.
What are some of the rules that the caste system imposes?
OR
In what sense has caste become relatively invisible for the urban upper castes? [4].
Answer:
The most common rules that the caste system imposes are as follows:
(i) Caste is determined by birth, a child is born into the caste of its parents. It is never a matter of choice.

(ii) Membership in a caste involves strict rules about marriage. Caste groups are endogamous i.e. marriage is restricted to members of the group.
(iii) Caste membership also involves rules about food and food-sharing. What kinds of food may be eaten is prescribed and who one may share food with, is also specified.

(iv) Caste involves a system consisting of many castes arranged in a hierarchy of rank and status.
(v) Castes also involve sub-divisions within themselves, i.e. castes almost always have sub-castes which may also have sub-sub-castes.

The caste system in the contemporary period has tended to become invisible for the upper caste, urban middle, and upper classes. These groups have benefitted the most from the developmental policies of the post-colonial era and so the caste has appeared to decline its significance for them.

Their caste status had been crucial in ensuring that these groups had the necessary economic and educational resources to take full advantage of the opportunities offered by rapid development.

In particular, the upper caste was able to take benefit from subsidized public education, especially professional education in science, technology, medicine, and management. At the same time, they were also able to take advantage of the expansion of state-sector jobs in the early decades after the independence.

Question 32.
“Social exclusion is not accidental but systematic. It is a result of structural features of society.” Justify your answer with an example. [4].
Answer:
It is true that social exclusion is not accidental but systematic. It is a result of the structural features of society. It is involuntary and it is practiced regardless of the wishes of those who are excluded. For example, we will never see rich people sleeping on pavements or under bridges like thousands of homeless poor people in cities and towns.

This does not mean that the rich are being ‘excluded’ from access to pavements and park benches because they could certainly gain access if they wanted to, but they choose not to. Social exclusion is wrongly justified by the same logic – it is said that the excluded group itself does not wish to participate.

The truth of such an argument is not obvious when we say that exclusion is preventing access to something desirable. Prolonged experience of discriminatory or insulting behavior often produces a reaction that socially excluded people may no longer desire to be included.

Question 33.
Write a brief note on ‘Ascriptive Identity’.
OR
“Assimilationist and integrationist strategies try to establish singular national identities through various interventions.” Explain [4].
Answer:
Ascriptive identity refers to that community identity that is based on birth and ‘belonging’ rather than some form of acquired qualifications or ‘accomplishment’. They are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned.

It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental. Most ascriptive identities are very hard to shake off, even if we choose to disown them, others may continue to identify us by those very markers of belonging.

The given statement is true “Assimilationist and integrationist strategies try to establish singular national identities through various interventions.”
These are as follows:
(i) Centralising all power to forums where the dominant group constitutes a majority and eliminating the autonomy of local or minority groups.

(ii) Imposing a unified legal and judicial system based on the dominant group’s traditions and abolishing alternative systems used by other groups.
(iii) Adopting the dominant group’s language as the only official ‘national’ language and making its use mandatory in all public institutions.

(iv) Promotion of the dominant group’s language and culture through national institutions including state-controlled media and educational institutions.

(v) Adoption of state symbols celebrating the dominant group’s history, heroes, and culture, reflected in such things as choice of national holidays or naming of streets, etc.

Question 34.
How was rural social structure altered by agricultural development during the 1960s and 1970s in India? [4].
Answer:
The rural social structure was altered by agricultural development in the 1960s and 1970s in various ways. Some of them are:
(i) Enrichment of the medium and large farmers who adopted new technologies.

(ii) In several agriculturally rich regions, such as coastal Andhra Pradesh, Western Uttar Pradesh, and Central Gujarat, well-to-do farmers belonging to the dominant castes began to invest their profits from agriculture in other types of business ventures.

(iv) The spread of higher education, especially private professional colleges, in rural and semi-urban areas, allowed the new rural elites to educate their children-many who then joined professional organizations or white collar occupations or started a business

(iii) This process of diversification gave rise to new entrepreneurial groups that moved from rural areas to growing towns of these developing regions, giving rise to new regional elites that became economically and politically dominant.

Question 35.
Highlight the key points about the establishment of the All India Tirade Union Congress (AITUC) during British rule in India. [4].
Answer:
The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in Bombay in 1920. The formation of the AITUC made the colonial government more cautious in dealing with labor. It attempted to grant workers some concessions in order to contain the unrest. In 1922, the government passed the fourth Factories Act which reduced the working day to 10 hours.

In 1926, the Trade Unions Act was passed which provided for the registration of trade unions and proposed some regulations. By the mid-1920s, the AITUC had nearly 200 unions affiliated with it and its membership stood at around 250,000. During the last few years of British rule, the communists gained considerable control over the AITUC.

Section D (18 Marks)

Question 36.
“The demographic advantage or ‘dividend’ to be derived from the age structure of the population is due to the fact that India is one of the youngest countries in the world.” Read the above-mentioned statement and justify your answer with suitable examples.
OR
Highlight the important changes in Family Planning Programme in India. [6].
Answer:
The demographic advantage or ‘dividend’ to be gained from the population’s age structure is due to the fact that India is and will continue to be one of the world’s youngest countries. In the year 2000, a third of India’s population was under the age of 15. The average Indian will be 29 years old in 2020, compared to 37 years in China and the United States, 45 in Western Europe, and 48 in Japan.

This means a strong and increasing labor force, which can provide unforeseen development and prosperity benefits. The ‘demographic dividend’ is the product of a rise in the proportion of jobs in the population compared to non-workers.

In terms of age, the working population is roughly comprised of those between the ages of 15 and 64. Changes in the age structure as a result of the demographic transition reduce the ‘dependency ratio,’ or the ratio of non-working to working-age people, allowing for growth.

However, this does not guarantee any benefits until properly utilized and planned development. If new entrants in labor are not educated, they are not productive, and if they are unemployed, they cannot earn becoming dependents themselves. India is thus, facing a window of opportunity created by the demographic dividend.

There were some important changes in Family Planning Programme in India. These were as follows:
(i) The government of India tried to intensify the effort to bring down the growth rate of the population by introducing a coercive program of mass sterilization.
(ii) Vast numbers of mostly poor and powerless people were forcibly sterilized and there was massive pressure on lower-level government officials to bring people for sterilization in the camps that were organized for this purpose.

(iii) This policy of mass sterilization was heavily opposed by the people and the new government elected after the emergency abandoned it.

(iv) The National Family Planning Programme was renamed as National Family Welfare Programme after the emergency and coercive methods were no longer used. This program has a broad-based set of socio-demographic objectives.

(v) A new set of guidelines were formulated as a part of the National Population Policy of 2000. In 201 7, a new National Health Policy was in cooperation with new targets.

(vi) After the successful implementation of this program, it is clear that most demographic variables are ultimately matters of economic social, and cultural change.

Question 37.
On the basis of the bar graph, answer the following questions. [6].
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 7 with Solutions Q.37
(a) What was the percentage of the decennial growth rate of the urban population between 1951 and 2001?
(b) What does the graph show in relation to a percentage share of the urban population?
(c) What does the term ‘industrialization’ and ‘urbanization’ imply?
Answer:
(a) The urban population grew at a decennial rate of 41 .42 percent in 1951 and 31 .80 percent in 2011. For the first time since independence, urban areas have seen greater growth in population than rural areas.

(b) The graph given in question indicates that the urban population and number of UAÿtowns in India are increasing.

(c) The term ‘industrialization’ refers to the emergence of machine-based production on the use of inanimate power resources like steam or electricity. Whereas, the mechanism by which the urban population grows and people living in rural areas internalize the urban society’s way of life is known as ‘urbanization’. Therefore, Industrialisation and urbanization imply changes not just in production systems, technological innovations, etc, but also in our way of life.

Question 38.
Write a note on the working conditions in mines in the context of Indian industrial society. [6].
Answer:
The working conditions for workers in industries in India are varied, but often very harsh. The government has passed many laws to regulate working conditions. But they are not always effective and the conditions of workers remain dismal.

For example, in the mining industry, a number of people are employed. The Mines Act of 1952, included in Health & Working condition 2020, specifies the maximum number of hours a person can be made to work in a week, the need to pay overtime for extra hours of work, and safety rules.

These laws may be followed by large mining firms but in small mines and quarries, they are overlooked. Further, with sub-contracting, contractors do not maintain proper registers of workers. Thus, they avoid any responsibility for any accidents as well as benefits. After mining has finished in an area, the company is supposed to cover up the open holes and restore the area but this is never followed.

The workers working in underground mines face very dangerous conditions because of flooding, fire, the collapse of roofs and sides, the emission of gases, and ventilation failures. As a result, many workers develop breathing problems and diseases like tuberculosis and silicosis.

Workers working in over-ground mines work in both hot Sun and rain and face injuries due to mine blasting, falling objects, etc. Thus, the rate of mining accidents in India is very high in comparison to other countries.