Practicing the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology with Solutions Set 3 allows you to get rid of exam fear and be confident to appear for the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 3 with Solutions
Time: 3 Hours.
Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper is divided into four sections.
- There are 38 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A includes questions No. 1-20. These are MCQ-type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
- Section B includes questions No. 21-29. These are very short answer-type questions carrying 2 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Section C includes questions No. 30-35. They are short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
- Section D includes questions No. 36-38. They are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 200 words. Question no. 36 is to be answered with the help of the passage given.
Section A (20 Marks)
Question 1.
In India, censuses began to be conducted by the British Indian government between ______and regular ten-yearly (or decennial) censuses have been conducted since ________ [1].
(a) 1867-72, 1881
(b) 1893-97, 1899
(c) 1903-05, 1911
(d) 1919-24, 1931
Answer:
(a) 1867-72, 1881
Question 2.
Assertion (A) The Indian census is the largest such exercise in the world. Reason (R) China, which has a slightly larger population, does not conduct regular censuses. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Question 3.
Which of the following statements is correct about social demography? [1].
I. Social demography enquires into the wider causes and consequences of population structures and change.
II. Social demographers believe that social processes and structures regulate demographic processes.
III. Social demographers seek to trace the social reasons that account for population trends.
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Only I and II
(d) I, II, and III
Answer:
(d) I, II, and III
Question 4.
Which of the following sentences is/are correct about social inequality and exclusion? [1].
(a) Social inequality and exclusion are social because they are not about individuals but about groups.
(b) They are social in the sense that they are not economic, although there is usually a strong link between social and economic inequality.
(c) They are systematic and structured as there is a definite pattern to social inequalities.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.
Question 5.
Patterns of unequal access to social resources are commonly called____________ [1].
(a) Social injustice.
(b) Social discrimination.
(c) Social inequality.
(d) Social change.
Answer:
(c) Social inequality.
Question 6.
Assertion (A) The socialization process involves a continuous dialogue, negotiation, and even struggle against significant others like our parents, family, kin group, and our community. Reason (R) Our community provides us with the language (our mother tongue) and the cultural values through which we comprehend the world.[1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Question 7.
In the past, Japan, through its colonial rule and aggression, caused tremendous damage and suffering to the people of many countries, particularly to those of Asian nations. Sincerely facing these facts of history I once again express my feelings of deep remorse and heartfelt apology and also express the feelings of mourning for all victims, both at home and abroad, in the war. Who said the above-mentioned lines as an apology remark on 15th August 2005? [1].
(a) Junichiro Koizumi.
(b) Fumio Kishida.
(c) Shinzo Abe.
(d) Ito Hirobumi.
Answer:
(a) Junichiro Koizumi
Question 8.
Which of the following nations are examples of geographically distant territories belonging to the same nation? [1].
I. Alaska and USA
II. Pakistan before 1971
III. Falkland Islands and UK
(a) Only I
(b) Only I and II
(c) Only II and III
(d) I, II, and III
Answer:
(d) I, II, and III
Question 9.
Social evils that plagued women in Indian society include _______ and _________ [1].
(a) the practice of sati, child marriage
(b) industrialization, dowry
(c) literacy, child marriage
(d) employment, dowry
Answer:
(a) the practice of sati, child marriage
Question 10.
Which one of the following statements is correct about Jyotirao Phule and Bal Gangadhar Tilak? [1].
(a) Jyotirao Phule supported the glory of the Aryan period while Bal Gangadhar Tilak recalled the glory of the pre-Aryan age.
(b) Jyotirao Phule recalled the glory of the pre-Aryan age while Bal Gangadhar Tilak supported the glory of the Aryan period.
(c) Jyotirao Phule supported the glory of the pre-Aryan period while Bal Gangadhar Tilak recalled the glory of the pre-Aryan age.
(d) Jyotirao Phule recalled the glory of the Aryan age while Bal Gangadhar Tilak supported the glory of the Aryan period.
Answer:
(b) Jyotirao Phule recalled the glory of the pre-Aryan age while Bal Gangadhar Tilak supported the glory of the Aryan period.
Question 11.
Sociologist _________elaborates upon the modern context by sketching three aspects of the modern framework of change in colonial India: modes of communication, forms of organization, and the nature of ideas. New technologies have speeded up various forms of communication. [1].
(a) Satish Saberwal
(b) Max Weber
(c) Raja Ram Mohun Roy
(d) Jyotiba Phule
Answer:
(a) Satish Saberwal
Question 12.
Assertion (A) Land reforms are necessary not only to boost agriculture but also to eradicate poverty and bring social justice in rural areas. Reason (R) The agrarian structure varies greatly-across India and the progress of land reforms is also uneven across the states. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Question 13.
The agrarian structure varies greatly across India and the progress of _______ is also uneven across the states. [1].
(a) Zamindari system
(b) Agrarian laws
(c) Land reforms
(d) Land ceiling
Answer:
(c) Land reforms
Question 14.
In which of the following states farmer suicides have become very common?[1].
(a) Maharashtra and Karnataka
(b) Kerala and Andhra Pradesh
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 15.
Which of the following is/are characteristics of the organized sector? [1].
(a) They have proper rules and regulations.
(b) Modes of payment are transparent.
(c) Employees cannot be removed from office without prior notice.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 16.
Which of the following statement is true regarding industrialization? [1].
(a) Industrialisation has no relation with the phenomenon of urbanization.
(b) Industrialisation based on the division of labor.
(c) Industrialisation had only positive consequences.
(d) Industrialisation removes gender-based wage discrimination.
Answer:
(b) Industrialisation based on the division of labor
Question 17.
The basic task of a manager is to control workers and get more work out of them. There are two main ways of making workers produce more. One is to extend the working hours. The other is to increase the amount that is produced within a given time period. Machines help to increase production, but it also creates a danger that eventually machines will replace workers. Which of the following personalities saw mechanization as a danger to employment?
(a) Karl Marx and Mahatma Gandhi.
(b) Max Weber and Auguste Comte.
(c) Emile Durkheim and Herbert Spencer.
(d) Bruno Latour and Gunnar Myrdal.
Answer:
(a) Karl Marx and Mahatma Gandhi.
Question 18.
Which of the following are the essential elements in creating social movements? [1],
(a) Identity politics
(b) Aspirations
(c) Cultural anxieties
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 19.
The Right to Information campaign is an example of [1].
(a) Redemptive Movements
(b) Reformist Movements
(c) Revolutionary Movements
(d) Old Social Movements
Answer:
(b) Reformist Movements
Question 20.
Which one of the following statements is incorrect about the formation of trade unions in India? [1].
(a) The first trade union was established in April 1918 in Madras by BP Wadia
(b) Mahatma Gandhi founded the Textile Labour Association in the year 1918.
(c) The All India Trade Union Congress was established in 1925.
(d) The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) was established in May 1947.
Answer:
(C) The All India Trade Union Congress was established in 1925.
Section B (18 Marks)
Question 21.
There is a difference between formal demography and social demography. Elaborate. [2].
Answer:
Formal demography is mainly concerned with measurements. It is concerned with things like birth, death, emigration, marriage, divorce, etc. whereas social demography focuses on the social, economic, and political aspects of the population. The main function of formal demography is measuring the components of population change whereas social demography studies the reasons for changes in population and its structure and their result
Question 22.
Theoretically, the caste system can be understood as the combination of two sets of principles, one based on difference and separation and the other on wholism and hierarchy. Each caste is supposed to be different from and is therefore strictly separated from every other caste. Briefly explain the ideas of separation and hierarchy in the such classification of the caste system. [2].
Answer:
The idea of separation and hierarchy has inculcated discrimination, inequality, and prejudices in Indian society. Caste hierarchy means a class structure that is determined by the birth. Under this caste hierarchy, some castes are placed at the top and some are at the bottom.
In Hinduism, Brahmins are placed at the top and Shudras are at the bottom. Further, this societal whole or system is a hierarchical rather than egalitarian system. The hierarchical ordering of castes is based on the distinction between ‘purity’ and ‘pollution’.
Question 23.
According to Bourdieu, “in every society, some people have a greater share of valued resources – money, property, education, health, and power – than others. These social resources can be divided into different forms of capital.” Briefly explain these forms of capital. [2].
Answer:
According to Pierre Bourdieu, social resources can be divided into three forms of capital – economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital. Economic capital refers to material assets in the form of property rights while social capital refers to the property of the individual, rather than the collective, derived primarily from one’s social position and status.
Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital refers to the collection of symbolic elements such as skills, tastes, posture, clothing, mannerisms, material belongings, credentials, etc. Often, these three forms of capital overlap, and one can be converted into the other.
Question 24.
There is a difference between the concepts of ‘nation1 and ‘nation-state’ in the context of cultural diversity. Explain.
OR
Define the term ‘minority’ and state one reason why minorities need protection from the state. [2].
Answer:
The main difference between ‘nation’ and ‘nation state’ is that a ‘nation’ is a large body of people united by a common origin, history, culture, ethnicity, or language while ‘nation state’ is a state where people with a common identity live inside a country with firm borders and a single government.
OR
The minority is referred to as a group of people whose practices, race, religion, ethnicity, or other characteristics are fewer in number than the main groups of those classifications. In Sociology, a minority group refers to a category of people who experience relative disadvantage as compared to members of a dominant social group.
Minorities need protection from the government because of the demographic dominance of the majority as it attains political power in the democratic pattern of the election.
Question 25.
What was the contribution of Raja Ram Mohun Roy to the social reform of India? [2].
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohun Roy is also known as the ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance.’ He is widely known for his role in the abolition of sati. He also propagated Western education among IndiAnswer: He campaigned for rights for women, including the right for widows to remarry and the right for women to hold property. He stressed rationalism and the modern scientific approach. He also makes efforts against the caste system, untouchability, and the use of intoxicants.
Question 26.
What do you understand by Green Revolution? Identify two negative social effects of the Green Revolution. [2].
Answer:
The Green Revolution was a government program of agricultural modernization that began in the 1960s. It was largely founded by international agencies that were based on providing HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds along with pesticides, fertilizers, and other inputs to farmers. Green Revolution although came up with a lot of positive effects and benefits, but had also certain negative consequences.
These are as follows:
(i) It led to increased inequality in rural society as the rich grew richer and the poor grew poorer.
(ii) It also increased the regional differences as some regions developed more than others.
Question 27.
How has liberalization affected employment patterns in India? [2].
OR
Highlight any two features of an organized sector. Arts. The Indian Government has followed a policy of liberalization since 1990. The cautions that affect employment patterns in India after liberalization are as follows:
(i) Due to liberalization foreign products are now easily available in the Indian market and shops. It increased employment opportunities in industries and MNCs.
(ii) Many Indian companies have been taken over by multinationals. At the same time, some Indian companies are becoming multinational companies,
OR
The two features of the organized sector are as follows:
(i) An organized sector is a type of sector that is subject to regulations that every employee must follow.
(ii) The organizations in the organized sector are registered with the government. This ensures that the employees get proper salaries and other benefits.
Question 28.
Exemplify the difference between social change and social movement. [2]
Answer:
The differences between social change and social movement are as follows:
| Social Change | Social Movement |
| Social change is continuous and ongoing. | Social movements are directed towards some specific goals. |
| Social change comprises various individual and collective actions gathered across time and space. | Social movements involve long and continuous social efforts and actions by people. |
| Example of social change is Sanskritisation and Westernisation. | An example of a social movement is the 19th-century social reformers’ efforts to change society |
Question 29.
Why is the New Farmer’s Movement termed a New Social Movement? [2].
OR
What are the different forms of collective actions used in social movements? Support your answer with some examples.
Answer:
The New Farmer’s Movements began in the 1970s in Punjab and Tamil Nadu. These movements were regionally organized and involved farmers rather than
peasants. New Farmer’s Movements also termed as ‘New Social Movements’ as it also focused on social environment and women’s issues. The basic ideology of the movement was strongly anti-state and anti-urban. The focus of demand was the price and related issues. For example price, procurement, remunerative prices, prices for agricultural inputs, taxation, non-repayment of loans, etc.
OR
The different forms of collective actions used in social movements are as follows: (any two)
(i) Protest is the most visible form of collective action.
(ii) Social movement activists hold meetings to mobilize people. Such activities help develop a shared understanding and also prepare for a feeling of agreement or consensus about how to pursue the collective agenda.
(iii) Social movements also chart out campaigns that include lobbying with the government, media, and other important makers of public opinion.
(iv) There are also distinct modes of protest. This could be candle and torchlight processions, the use of black cloth, street theatres, songs, and poetry. For instance, Gandhiji adopted novel ways such as Ahimsa, Satyagraha, and the use of the charkha in the freedom movement.
Section C (24 Marks)
Question 30.
Why did Malthus believe that catastrophic events like famines and epidemics that cause mass deaths were inevitable? [4].
Answer:
English political economist Thomas Robert Malthus suggested that catastrophic events like famines and diseases were inevitable because they were nature’s way of dealing with the imbalance between food supply and increasing population. Malthus argued that the human population tends to grow at a much faster rate than the rate at which the means of human subsistence (food, clothes, etc) can grow.
According to him, the population rises in geometric progression, whereas agricultural production can only grow in arithmetic progression. Fie believed that humans are unable to observe any preventive checks. In such cases, catastrophic events like famines are positive checks or the natural process of population control that maintains balance by removing any imbalances.
Question 31.
What changes did colonialism bring about in the caste system? [4].
OR
Explain the difference between matriliny and matriarchy.
Answer:
Major social institutions and especially the institution of caste underwent major changes during the colonial period. In fact, some scholars argue that what we know today as caste is a product of colonialism than of ancient Indian tradition. Some of these efforts took the shape of very methodical and intensive surveys and reports on the customs and manners of various tribes and castes all over the country.
Some of the changes in the caste system are as follows:
(i) The study of the social hierarchies and discriminatory patterns was done exclusively by British scholars to govern India.
(ii) Colonial state has an intervention in land revenue settlement and related arrangements and laws to give legal recognition to the customary rights of the upper caste.
(iii) By the end of the colonial period, the administration also took a new shape in the welfare of the caste, referred to as the ‘depressed class’ of its time.
(iv) In 1935, the Government of India Act gave legal recognition to caste with the name of ‘Schedule’. This marked the emergence of ‘Schedule Caste’ and ‘Schedule Tribe’.
OR
Matrimony is formed with regard to the rules of inheritance. In matrilineal societies pass on the property is from mother to daughter. Matriarchy on the other hand is a ford with regard to the exercise of authority and domination. A matriarchal family structure is where the women exercise authority and dominance. Matrilineal denotes kinship with the mother’s or female line while matriarchal denotes a form of social organization ruled by women.
Matrilineal societies in India are typified by the Khasi in Meghalaya state and by the traditional Nayar in Kerala. In India, matriarchy is found in a certain part of Assam and certain parts of Kerala. The social structure of these communities has various elements which are different from other communities in India.
Question 32.
In what ways can changes in social structure lead to changes in the family structure? [4].
Answer:
The changes in social structure can lead to changes in the family structure because a family is linked to the economic, political, social, and cultural aspects of the nation. The structure of the family can be studied both as a social institution in itself and also in its relationship to other social institutions of society. The internal structure of the family is usually related to other structures of society, namely political, economic, cultural, etc. It is to be noted here that families have different structures and these structures change.
Sometimes, these changes occur accidentally, as in cases of war or migration. Sometimes these changes are purposely brought about as when young people decide to choose their life partner instead of letting elders decide or same-sex love or marriage is done openly in society. It is evident from these kinds of changes that due to changes in cultural ideas, norms and values would affect the family structures.
Question 33.
Why are states often suspicious of cultural diversity? Explain. [4].
Answer:
States are often suspicious of cultural diversity because they find it a threat to state unity. They try to establish and enhance political legitimacy through nation-building strategies. Its aim is to secure the loyalty and obedience of its citizens through the policies of integration or assimilation. Some of the major challenges posed by Cultural diversity are casteism, gender bias, communal riots, demands for autonomy, demands for secession, etc.
These challenges are a threat to the unity of the country. Among the most noticeable disadvantages of cultural diversity include language barriers, social tension, and civic disengagement. This is because most states have generally been suspicious of cultural diversity and have tried to reduce or eliminate it. The states fear that the recognition of varied culturally diverse identities such as language, ethnicity, and religion will lead to social fragmentation and prevent the creation of a harmonious society.
Question 34.
Write briefly about ‘Contract Farming. (4)
Answer:
Under the contract farming system, the company identifies the crops to be grown and provides the seeds and other inputs as well as technical know-how and also the working capital to a farmer. In this type of farming, the farmer is assured of the market because the company guarantees that it will purchase the product at a pre-determined fixed price. It is very common now in the production of specialized items such as cut flowers, fruits like grapes, figs, etc.
While contract farming appears to provide financial security, it can also lead to greater insecurity as farmers become dependent on these companies for their livelihoods. In contract farming, export-oriented products such as flowers and gherkins also mean that agricultural land is diverted away from foodgrain production. It caters mainly to the production of elite items because it usually requires high doses of fertilizers and pesticides and is often not ecologically sustainable
Question 35.
Environmental movements often also contain economic and identity issues. Discuss. [4]
OR
Explain the Dalit movement as a caste-based movement in India.
Answer:
Environmental movements now are questioning the modern view of development based on the unchecked use of natural resources and greater exploitation of
natural resources. For example, in Chipko Movement, the local women who depended on the forests for their livelihood by getting firewood, fodder, and other daily necessities, fought against the government’s decision to cut down the forest for timber to generate greater revenue. On the other hand, tribals in the present times are fighting the government against mining, forest rights, etc.
Adivasis present in the forest are now trying to assert their identity and culture which is linked to the forest. For example, in the Jharkhand movement, tribals opposed the acquisition of land for large irrigation projects and boycotted the nationalization of forest produce. Thus in these cases, environmental movements often also contain economic and identity issues.
OR
The Dalit Movement is said to be a struggle for recognition as fellow human beings. It is a struggle for self-confidence and a space for self-determination. It is a struggle for the abolishment of stigmatization, that untouchability implied. It has been called a struggle to be touched. Dalit refers to those who have been broken and ground down by those above them in a deliberate way.
The nature of Dalit movements and the meaning of identity, there has been a common quest for equality, self-dignity, and eradication of untouchability. The Dalit movement has unquestionably acquired a place in the public sphere that cannot be ignored. This has been accompanied by a growing body of Dalit literature.
section D (18 Marks)
Question 36.
“Social exclusion is involuntary – that is, the exclusion is practiced regardless of the wishes of those who are excluded. For example, rich people are never found sleeping on the pavements or under bridges like thousands of homeless poor people in cities and towns. This does not mean that the rich are being ‘excluded’ from access to pavements and park benches, because they could certainly gain access if they wanted to, but they choose not to.” Elaborate on the concept of ‘social exclusion’ in the context of Indian societies and justify the above-mentioned statements.[6]
Answer:
Social exclusion is the process in which individuals are blocked from various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of a different group, and which are fundamental to social integration and observance of human rights within that particular group. Alienation or disenfranchisement resulting from social exclusion can be connected to a person’s social class, race, skin color, religious affiliation, ethnic origin, educational status, childhood relationships, living standards political opinions, and appearance.
Such exclusionary forms of discrimination may also apply to disabled people, minorities, LGBTQ + people, drug users, etc. The outcome of social exclusion is that affected individuals or communities are prevented from participating fully in the economic, social, and political life of the society in which they live. For example, ‘upper’ caste Hindu communities have often denied entry into temples for the ‘lower’ castes and especially the Dalits. After decades of such treatment, the Dalits may build their own temple, or convert to another religion like Buddhism, Christianity, or Islam.
After they do this, they may no longer desire to be included in the Hindu temple or religious events. But this does not mean that social exclusion is not being practiced. The point is that the exclusion occurs regardless of the wishes of the excluded. In nearly all countries, to varying degrees, age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, religion, migration status, socio-economic status, place of residence, and sexual orientation and gender identity have been grounds for social exclusion over time
Question 37.
Analyze the following pie chart and Answer the following questions. [6].
(a) What do you understand by home-based work?
(b) The above pie chart shows how the value of the finished bidi is distributed. Who gets what amount and why?
(c) How do bidis get their identity?
Answer:
(a) Home-based work is the work that you can do from home. Home-based work includes lace, zari or brocade, carpets, bidis, agarbattis, and a variety of other items. Women and children are primarily responsible for this work. Home-based work is also known by various other names, such as work-from-home jobs, work-at-home jobs, telecommuting jobs, remote jobs, and virtual jobs, etc. No matter which way it’s described, they all pretty much mean the same thing they are jobs you can do from home. For example, Home-based workers produce goods or services in or near their homes for local, domestic or global markets.
(b) The value is distributed between the inputs, bidi workers, contractors, manufacturers, and distributors. The manufacturer gets the maximum amount because of the image of the brand. The others get significantly lower value with the distributors getting the least value.
(c) Bidis are made in forested villages. Villagers pluck tendu leaves and sell them to the forest department. These leaves are auctioned to bidi factory owners, who send them to a contractor. The contract ultimately gets the bidi rolled from the home-based workers, mostly women, After collecting these rolled bidis, the contractor gives his own name to these bidis and sells them.
Question 38.
Explain three different ways in which the Indian economy changed after the advent of colonialism.
OR
In what ways colonialism has brought about a social, economic, and political influence on Indian society to promote urbanization? [6].
Answer:
British colonialism in India was inseparably connected with capitalism. Maximizing profit and gain became the main motive of the Britishers. They tried every means to change the Indian economy, so as to serve their own colonial interests. There are three different ways in which the Indian economy changed after the advent of colonialism.
These are as follows: De-industrialisation British industrialization led to the de-industrialization of Indian industries in some sectors of the Indian economy. Traditional exports of cotton and silk products manufactured in India witnessed a decline severely. Besides, huge imports of cheap European manufactured goods destroyed the village industries. The decline of Urban Centres Many urban centers declined in India due to the coming of the Britishers.
The cities like Surat and Masulipatnam declined. Towns like Thanjavur, Dhaka, and Murshidabad lost their courts and as a result, they also lost their artisans and court nobility. The emergence of New Cities The Britishers favored the coastal cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai in order to fulfill their colonial interests. They made these cities as centers to export primary goods and import manufactured goods. These cities became the center of trade, commerce, and capitalism.
OR
British colonialism brought changes in almost all spheres of Indian society. It also promoted urbanization in India through social, economic, and political influence in the following ways: Economic Colonial cities developed by Britishers, especially the coastal cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai facilitated the process of urbanization in India. These cities became the center of trade and commercial activities.
There was also a change in the cropping pattern and production and distribution of goods. Due to the installation of mechanized industries, a few towns became much more heavily populated. Social Colonialism led to the introduction of the English language in India. English continues to be a mark of privilege and a means to better opportunities and jobs. It also changed the whole spectrum of day-to-day life, particularly in urban society.
There was also large-scale migration of government employees and professionals like doctors and lawyers to various parts of the country. It carried with it new ideas and ways of life. Political Our political system, legal system, and police system are based on the British model. These new systems gave a new shape to traditional policy and laws. They also created new professionals mainly in towns and cities to enforce new laws and political ideas.