Practicing the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions Set 2 allows you to get rid of exam fear and be confident to appear for the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 2 with Solutions
Time: 3 Hours.
Max. Marks: 70
General Instructions:
- All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
- Question Nos. 1-18 in Section A carry 1 mark each.
- Question Nos. 19-23 in Section B are Very Short Answer Type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Question Nos. 24-27 in Section C are Short Answer Questions Type-II carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Question Nos. 28-31 in Section D are Long Answer Type-I questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Question No. 32 in Section E is a Long Answer Type-II question carrying 6 marks. Answer to this question should not exceed 200 words.
- Question Nos. 33-36 in Section F are based on two cases given. Each case has two questions carrying two marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
Section A (18 Marks)
Question 1.
Bindu is a remarkable singer and she has won many accolades. She is known as a child prodigy. Which of the following terms best describes Bindu’s abilities? [1]
(A) Talent
(B) Giftedness
(C) Naturalistic Intelligence
(D) Interest
Answer:
(A) Talent
Explanation: Talent refers to the remarkable ability in a specific field, (e.g., social, spiritual, aesthetic, etc.). The highly talented young ones are often called prodigies.
Question 2.
Mir had no recollection of the bicycle he received on his tenth birthday. But when Nita reminded him about the same, he was able to recall it. This is because memories of his 1 birthday were lying in the __________ level. [1]
(A) Unconscious
(B) Preconscious
(C) Conscious
(D) Superconscious
Answer:
(B) Preconscious
Explanation: According to Freud, personality has three components: unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. The unconscious is the part that stores all hidden conflicts and desires Of which that the person is unaware.
The Preconsdous is the part we are not always aware of but can be recalled on remembering. The conscious part is the one that plays a part in the present.
Question 3.
The notion of ___________ is based on Bandura’s social learning theory. [1]
(A) self-esteem
(B) self-efficacy
(C) self-regulation
(D) self-cognition
Answer:
(B) self-efficacy
Explanation: Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their capacity to perform a particular task. This was given by Bandura as a part of the Social Cognitive Theory.
Question 4.
__________ is a way of reducing anxiety by distorting reality. [1]
(A) Superego
(B) Defence Mechanism
(C) Conscientiousness
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Defence Mechanism
Explanation: Defence mechanisms are coping strategies used to counter anxiety and reduce it. These include Repression, Denial, Projection, etc.
Question 5.
The state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion is known: [1]
(A) Resistance
(B) Stress
(C) Burnout
(D) Coping
Answer:
(C) Burnout
Explanation: The state of physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion is known as Burnout.
Question 6.
____________ results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or someone that hinders us from achieving the desired goal. [1]
(A) Conflicts
(B) Frustration
(C) Internal pressures
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Frustration
Explanation: Frustration results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or someone that hinders us from achieving the desired goal. There could be a several causes of frustration such as social discrimination, interpersonal hurt, low grades in school, etc.
Question 7.
Conflicts may occur between two or more __________ needs or motives. [1]
(A) Compatible
(B) Incompatible
(C) Basic
(D) Complex
Answer:
(B) Incompatible
Explanation: Conflicts may occur between two or more incompatible needs or motives, e.g., whether to study dance or psychology. Conflicts arise between two or more incompatible needs while internal pressures stem from expectations from inside us ourselves.
Question 8.
When the person has to use more and more of a substance to get the same effect, is called __________. [1]
(A) Substance dependence
(B) Substance abuse
(C) Tolerance
(D) Withdrawal
Answer:
(A) Substance dependence
Explanation: Substance dependence is the increase in one’s tolerance level in the intake of substance. A substance dependent person experience withdrawal symptoms if consumed lower level of substance.
Question 9.
When a person’s overall behavior patterns are inflexible and maladaptive and cause distress, the person may be diagnosed with__________. [1]
(A) schizophrenia
(B) dissociative identity disorder
(C) a personality disorder
(D) fugues
Answer:
(C) a personality disorder
Explanation: Personality disorders arise from distortion in personality that makes it difficult for the person to go about their normal occupational and personal lives without any conflict and stress.
Question 10.
Inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic is known as ________ behaviour. [1]
(A) Obsessive
(B) Compulsive
(C) Anxious
(D) Depressing
Answer:
(A) Obsessive
Explanation: The inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic is known as obsessive behaviour. Compulsion is the behaviour followed to get rid of the obsession and anxiety that comes with it.
Question 11.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice. [1]
Assertion (A): Abnormal literally means “away from normal”. It implies deviation from some clearly-defined norms or standards.
Reason (R): All deviations in behaviour are considered socially unacceptable and hence considered abnormal.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation: Abnormal means “away from normal.” It implies deviation from some dearly defined norms or standards. Even though this is correct, the statement given as reason is wrong as all deviations are not considered abnormal, for example, Genius is also deviant but is not given the name of abnormality. Similarly, some things might be considered socially unacceptable but are not abnormal.
Question 12.
The goal of __________ is to increase an individual’s self-awareness and self-acceptance. [1]
(A) Gestalt therapy
(B) Client-centred therapy
(C) Logotherapy
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) Gestalt therapy
Explanation: Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that is centred on increasing a person’s awareness, freedom, and self-directions.
Question 13.
The Client-centred therapy was given by___________. [1]
(A) Sigmund Freud
(B) Aaron Beck
(C) Carl Rogers
(D) Skinner
Answer:
(C) Carl Rogers
Explanation: Client-centred therapy was given by Carl Rogers.
Question 14.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice. [1]
Assertion (A): A stereotype is a cluster of ideas regarding the characteristics of a specific group.
Reason (R): Prejudice is the negative attitude towards a group of people and stereotype is the cognitive part of it.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Group Antagonism is a concept in social psychology which indicates, the feeling of in-group and out-group causing biases in human behaviour.
The ABC of group antagonism includes Stereo type- Affective component, Discrimination Behavioural Component and Prejudice- Cognitive Component.
Question 15.
Ritesh sees his parents achieve financial success through hard work. He considers his mother to be his role model. As a result, Ritesh develops a strong attitude toward success and hard work. This is an example of: [1]
(A) Learning attitude through exposure to information
(B) Learning attitude through observation
(C) Learning attitude through group or cultural norms
(D) Learning attitude through rewards and p
Answer:
(B) Learning attitude through observation
Explanation: Observational learning is the process of learning by watching the behaviours of others. Observational learning is most common in children as they observe behaviours of adults.
Question 16.
The process of assigning causes to the behaviour shown in specific social situations is known: [1]
(A) Attribution
(B) Attitude
(C) Stereotype
(D) Prejudice
Answer:
(A) Attribution
Explanation: Attribution is the process of inferring the causes of events or others behaviours to gaining knowledge about their stable traits and dispositions.
Question 17.
When people get obliged to return what they get is called: [1]
(A) Reciprocity
(B) Competition
(C) Reward structure
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Reciprocity
Explanation: Reciprocity involves a mutually beneficial exchange with others.
Question 18.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice. [1]
Assertion (A): Performance on specific tasks is influenced by the presence of others.
Reason (R): According to social facilitation, people perform better in presence of other people.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation: The concept of social Facilitation was postulated by Normal Triplett, a Social Psychologist. His experiment on cyclist proved the notion that people tend to perform better when they are being observed by audience.
Section – B (10 Marks)
Question 19.
Explain the behavioural effects of stress. [2]
Answer:
Some of the effects that stress has on One’s behaviour ‘ include: Disrupted sleep patterns, increased absenteeism, reduced work performance,
eating less nutritional food, and increased intake of stimulants such as alcohol, cigarettes and other drugs such as tranquillizers.
Tranquillizers can be addictive and have side effects such as poor concentration, poor coordination and dizziness. The person may also experience a change in their personality with an increase in irritation and bursts of anger along with feelings of tiredness.
Question 20.
Write about the levels of stress? [2]
OR
What is Burnout? Explain any one cause of burnout.
Answer:
Stress has two levels:
Eustress: It is good, healthy, positive, inspiring and motivational. The term was coined by endocrinologist Hans Selye, consisting of the Greek prefix eu-meaning “good,” and stress, literally meaning “good stress.”
Distress: Distress comes together with feelings of anxiety which are considered negative and unwanted. Distress hinders a person’s ability to function normally, communicate and think clearly. If it continues on a long-term basis, it can become detrimental to a person’s mental and physical health.
OR
Burnout is a state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion. One of the causes of burnout can be a lack of social support and coping abilities to handle any kind of stress which is adding up continuously.
Question 21.
What is systematic Desensitisation? [2]
Answer:
Systematic desensitization was given by Wolpe. Treatment for phobias /irrational fears. The client is interviewed to elicit fear-provoking situations. The therapist prepares a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli. The therapist relaxes the client. Over sessions, the client can imagine more severe fear-provoking situations while maintaining relaxation. So, the client gets systematically desensitized to their phobic stimuli.
Question 22.
Explain “Kernel of Truth” as a source of prejudice. [2]
Answer:
Prejudices are examples of attitudes towards a particular group which are mostly negative. Sometimes people continue to hold stereotypes i.e., ideas regarding the characteristics of a specific group and they think that, there must be some truth, or ‘kernel of truth’ in what everyone says about the other group. Even a few examples will be sufficient to support the “kernel of truth” idea.
Question 23.
What is group polarization? [2]
Answer:
A group gets stronger as a result of discussions in the group. This strengthening of the group’s initial position as a result of group interaction and discussion is referred to as group polarization.
Section – C (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Ananya is a good dancer who is well-adjusted in school as she cooperates with her teachers and classmates in all school related activities. She is also liked by friends and family. Identify and explain the types of intelligence Ananya is exhibiting. [3]
Answer:
Bodily-Kinaesthetic Intelligence: It is an ability to use whole or portions of the body flexibly and creatively. Interpersonal Intelligence: It is an ability understand to subtle aspects of others’ behaviours. Intrapersonal intelligence: It is the ability to be good at being aware of one’s own emotional states, feelings, and motivations.
Question 25.
How does the diathesis-stress model explain abnormal behaviour? [3]
Answer:
The three components of the diathesis-stress model are:
(i) Diathesis or the presence of some biological aberration that may be inherited.
(ii) The person may carry a vulnerability to develop a disorder. The person is ‘at risk’ or ‘predisposed’ to develop the disorder.
(iii) There is a presence of pathogenic stressors that may lead to psychopathology.
Question 26.
Explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour. [3]
OR
Explain the processes involved in the learning of attitudes.
Answer:
We usually expect behaviour to follow logically from attitudes. However, an individual’s attitudes may not always be exhibited through behaviour.
Likewise, one’s actual behaviour may be contrary to one’s attitude towards a particular topic. It is found that there would be consistency between attitudes and behaviour when:
(i) the attitude is strong, and occupies a central place in the attitude system,
(ii) the person is aware of her/his attitude,
(iii) there is little or no external pressure for the person to behave in a particular way. For example, when there is no group pressure to follow a particular norm.
OR
The conditions that lead to the learning of attitudes
are:
(i) Learning attitudes by association: A positive association between two factors or sets of people can help in learning attitudes. For example; students often develop a liking for a particular subject because of the positive qualities of that teacher. These qualities get liked by the subject that he/she teaches and get expressed in the form of liking the subject.
(ii) Learning attitudes by being rewarded or punished: An individual develops a particular attitude if he/she is praised for it. For example, a student who is good at sports and is called the NUMERO UNO of sports then he/she develops a positive attitude towards sports and health and fitness.
Along similar lines, if a child frequently falls ill because of his intake of junk food, then she/he develops a negative attitude towards junk food and a positive attitude towards eating healthy food.
Question 27.
State three conditions that facilitate group formation. [3]
Answer:
Basic to group formation is some contact and some form of interaction between people. This interaction is facilitated by the following conditions:
Proximity: Repeated interactions with the same set of individuals give us a chance to know them, and their interests and attitudes. Gbmmoninterests, attitudes, and backgrounds are important determinants of your liking for your group members.
Similarity: Being exposed to someone over a while makes us assess our similarities and paves the way for the formation of groups. The reason given by psychologists for group formation between similar people or liking between similar people is when two people are similar, there is consistency and they start liking each other.
For example, If one like playing football and another person also loves playing football; there is a similarity in them interests. There are higher chances that they may become a group.
Common motives and goals: When people have common motives or goals, they get together and form a group that may facilitate their goal attainment.
Section – D (16 Marks)
Question 28.
Intelligence is the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems. Explain this theory. [4]
OR
Angad has been a topper in class. He went to the topmost college, where he was neither sensitive to himself nor others. This led to problems in interpersonal relationships regarding his condition. Explain the importance of emotional intelligence in his life.
Answer:
Intelligence is the interdependent functioning of 3 neurological systems. These are Attention/ arousal, simultaneous and successive processing, and planning which is a part of the PASS model of intelligence.
Arousal/Attention: The state of arousal is basic to any behaviour as it helps us in attending to stimuli. Arousal and attention enable a person to process information.
Simultaneous and Successive Processing:
Simultaneous processing takes place when you perceive the relations among various concepts and integrate them into a meaningful pattern for comprehension.
Planning: This is an essential feature of intelligence. After the information is attended to and processed, planning is activated. It allows us to think of courses of action, implement them to reach a target, and evaluate their effectiveness.
OR
A good Intelligence Quotient and scholastic record are not enough to be successful in life. Angad is academically talented but is unsuccessful to build An interpersonal relationships with his friends in college. Psychologists believe that the source of his difficulty is his lack of emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence is a set of skills that underlie accurate appraisal, expression, and regulation of emotions. Psychologists Salovey and Meyer consider emotional intelligence as the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s’ emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions.
Emotional quotient (EQ) is used to express emotional intelligence in the same way as IQ is used to express intelligence. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to process emotional information accurately and efficiently. But Angad lacks this intelligence, which leads to his problems in interpersonal relationships.
Question 29.
Discuss the main propositions of the humanistic approach to personality. [4]
Answer:
Humanistic approach to personality: Rogers believed that all human beings are fully functional beings and feeling of fulfilment is the main motivational force.
Basic Assumptions of it are as follows:
Behaviour is goal-directed and worthwhile.
All human beings have an innate tendency to choose adaptive and self-actualising actualizing.
According to Rogers, there are two types of self:
Real Self: What I am
Ideal Self: What I want to be
Congruence between the two leads to the development of a balanced integrated personality.
Roger’s basic principle is that people tend to maximize self-concept through self-actualisation.
Unconditional positive regard must be created to enhance people’s self-concept.
According to Maslow, everybody wants to self-actualise and attain their highest potential.
The real journey of human life begins with the pursuit of self-esteem and self-actualization needs.
Question 30.
Discuss Life Events and Hassles as sources of stress. [4]
Answer:
Life Events:
(i) Changes either big or small affect our lives right from the moment we are born.
(ii) We learn to cope with small changes happening in our life but major life events can be very stressful because they destroy our routine and cause sudden change.
(iii) If several life events that are planned i.e., moving into a new house or unplanned events like the break up of marriage occur in a short time we find it difficult to manage and cause a lot of stress in our life.
Hassles:
(i) Hassles mainly refer to daily happenings in our life that cause stress. For example, crowded environment, electricity issues, water shortage, quarrelsome neighbours, noisy surroundings, traffic jams, etc.
(ii) Attending various emergencies are hassles for a housewife.
(iii) These daily hassles may have damaging consequences for the individual who is often the one coping alone with them as others may not even be aware of them as outsiders.
(iv) The more stress people report as a result of daily hassles, the poorer their psychological well-being.
Question 31.
Aman is an eight-year-old who has profound difficulty relating to other people. Often, he is found to be unresponsive to other people’s feelings and exhibits stereotypical patterns of behaviour. Identify this disorder and describe its features. [4]
OR
Explain mental disorders from a socio-cultural perspective.
Answer:
Aman has been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. It falls under the category of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some of the features of autism spectrum disorder are as follows:
(1) Children with autism spectrum disorder have marked difficulties in social interaction and communication.
(2) They have a restricted range of interests.
(3) They have a strong desire for routine.
(4) They are unable to share experiences and emotions.
(5) They show serious abnormalities in communication and language that persist over time.
(6) Many autistic children never develop speech and those who do, have repetitive deviant speech patterns.
(7) They show narrow patterns of interests and repetitive behaviours such as lining up objects or stereotyped body movements such as rocking.
OR
According to the Sociocultural model, abnormal behaviour is best understood in light of the social and cultural forces that influence an individual.
(1) Socio-cultural factors such as war and violence, group prejudice and discrimination, economic and employment problems, etc and rapid social change, put stress on most of us and can lead to psychological problems in some individuals.
(2) Certain family structures are likely to produce abnormal functioning in members e.g., families which are over involved with each other have difficulty in becoming independent in life. Social and professional relationships also play an important role.
(3) People who are isolated and lack social support are likely to become more depressed and remain depressed longer than those who have a good friendship.
(4) Societal labels and roles assigned to troubled people also cause abnormal functioning.
Section – E (6 Marks)
Question 32.
How does behavioural analysis help us in assessing personality? Explain any two methods of behavioural analysis with their limitations. [6]
OR
How do projective techniques assess personality? Explain any two well-known projective Techniques.
Answer:
Observation of behaviour serves as the basis of behavioural analysis. An observer’s report may contain data obtained from interviews, observations, ratings, nominations, and situational tests.
Techniques
Interview: The interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality. This involves talking to the person being assessed and asking specific questions.
Diagnostic interview in generally involves in-depth interviewing which seeks to go beyond the replies given by the person. Interviews may be structured or unstructured depending on the purpose or goals of the assessment.
Observation: The use of Observation for a personality assessment is a sophisticated procedure that cannot be carried out by untrained people. It requires careful training of the observer and fairly detailed guidelines to carry out analysis to use observations to assess personality.
Limitations Of Interview And Observation Method:
(i) Professional training required for The collection of useful data through these methods is demanding and Add hyphen consuming.
(ii) Maturity of the psychologist is a pre-condition for obtaining valid data through these techniques.
Behavioural Ratings: Behavioural ratings are frequently used for personality assessment of individuals in an educational or industrial setting. Behavioural ratings are generally taken from the people who know the assessee intimately and have interacted a while. To use ratings, the traits should be clearly defined in terms of carefully stated behavioural anchors.
Limitations Of The Rating Method:
(i) Raters often display certain biases that represent their judgments of different traits. For E.g, we are greatly influenced by a single favourable or unfavourable trait and form the basis of the rater’s overall judgment of a person. This gives rise to the halo effect.
Nominations: In this method, people in a group who know each other for a long period are asked to nominate another person from the group with whom they would like to work/play/do some activity.
Then, they are asked to state the reason why they would have nominated that person. The limitation of this technique is that it is highly dependable, although it may also be affected by personal biases.
Situational tests: A variety of situational tests have been devised for the assessment of personality. The most commonly used test is -The situational Stress test.
It provides us With information on how a person behaves under stressful conditions. In performing this test, the person is given a task under a stressful environment, where others are instructed not to provide any support and act noncooperative. This is A kind of Role-playing. The subject is observed and a report is prepared.
OR
Projective tests of personality are widely used by psychologists. Projective techniques are the most indirect method to assess personality. Psychoanalytic theory proposed that behaviour is also determined by unconscious forces. Projective techniques were developed to assess unconscious motives and feelings.
The stimulus material is relative or fully unstructured and poorly defined. The person being assessed is usually not told the purpose and the method of scoring and interpretation before the administration of the test.
The person is informed that there are no right or wrong responses. Each response is considered to reveal a true and significant aspect of personality.
The scoring and interpretation in The projective assessment are lengthy and subjective. A less structured or unstructured stimulus or situation will allow the individual to project his/ her feelings, desires and needs onto that situation.
Some of them are explained below:
(A) The Rorschach Inkblot Test (developed by Hermann Rorschach)
(i) Consists of 10 inkblots 5 in black and white, 2 with red ink, and 3 in pastel colours.
(ii) Blots are symmetrical in design with a specific shape or form, made by dropping ink on a piece of paper and then folding the paper in half (hence called the inkblot test).
(iii) The cards are administered individually in two phases:
Performance proper: The subjects are shown the cards and are asked to tell what they see in each of them.
Inquiry: A detailed report of the response is prepared by asking the subject to tell where, how, and on what basis was a particular response made. Fine judgment is necessary to place the subject’s responses in a meaningful context. The use and interpretation of this test require extensive training.
(B) The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (developed by Morgan and Murray)
(i) This test consists of 30 black and white picture cards and one blank card each picture card depicts one or more people in a variety of situations. Some cards are used specifically with adult males or females, boys or girls have been modified for children and the aged.
The cards are presented one at a time and the subject is asked to tell a story describing the situation presented in the picture what led up to the situation, what is happening at the moment, what will happen in the future, and what the characters are feeling and thinking?
Section- F (8 Marks)
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Mark was a 28-year-old single male who, at the time he entered treatment, suffered from severe obsessive thoughts and images about causing harm to others such as running over pedestrians while he was driving. He also had severe obsessions that he would commit a crime such as robbing a store or poisoning family members or friends.
These obsessions were accompanied by lengthy and excessive checking rituals. For example, one day when he drove, he began obsessing that he had caused an accident and hit a pedestrian at an intersection, and he felt compelled to spend several hours driving and walking around all parts of that intersection to find evidence of the accident.
At the time Mark went to an anxiety disorder clinic, he was no longer able to live by himself after having lived alone for several years since college. He was a very bright young man with considerable artistic talent. He had finished college at a prestigious school for the arts and had launched a successful career as a young artist when the obsession began in his early 20s.
At first, they were focused on the possibility that he would be implicated in some crime that he had committed; later, they evolved to the point where he was afraid that he might commit a crime and confess to it. The checking rituals and avoidance of all places where such confessions might occur eventually led to his having to give up his career and his apartment and move back in with his family.
Question 33.
What are obsessions and compulsions? [2]
Answer:
Obsessions: Being unable to control their preoccupation with specific ideas or are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a particular act or specific acts that affect their ability to carry out normal activities.
Compulsions: Being unable to stop the impulse to repeatedly carry out certain acts like checking, washing, counting, etc.
Question 34.
What symptoms of obsessions and compulsions were seen in Mark? [2]
Answer:
Mark had severe obsessive thoughts and images about causing harm to others such as running over pedestrians while he was driving. He also had severe obsessions that he would commit a crime such as robbingastore or poisoning family members or friends.
These obsessions were accompanied by lengthy and excessive checking rituals. For example, one day when he drove, he began obsessing that he had caused an accident and flit a pedestrian at an intersection, and he felt compelled to spend several hours driving and walking around all parts of that intersection to find evidence of the accident.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Reshma is regarded by her teachers as an excellent student. She does her work on time, scores the highest grades in her class, listens to instructions with care, grasps quickly, and reproduces accurately but she rarely comes out with ideas that are her own. Seerna is another student who is just average in her studies and has not achieved high grades consistently.
She prefers to learn on her own. She improvises new ways of helping her mother at home and comes up with new ways of doing her work and assignments. There is a third student Sunita who is average in class and is not very involved in studies but has a high capacity to learn instruments.
She was trained at an early age and now with the music training, she has become perfect at it. She has a good capacity to learn this skill through training and practice. It has been observed that Reshma leans more toward being intelligent, Seema is creative whereas Sunita has a high aptitude to play music.
Question 35.
Define Intelligence and explain why Reshma is considered intelligent. [2]
Answer:
According to Weschler, Intelligence can be defined as the global capacity of an individual to think rationally, act purposefully and deal effectively with his/her environment.
In the given case, Reshma is considered intelligent because she is quick at grasping new information and easily understands instructions. She also performs well in class and has been a topper. These characteristics indicate that Reshma is an intelligent student.
Question 36.
Define creativity and aptitude and explain why Seema is considered creative. [2]
Answer:
Creativity is something that can be observed in a novel solution to a problem, an invention, the composition of a poem, a painting, innovation in law, etc.
It is the skill required in the production of something new and unique. Seema in this case possesses all these qualities making her creative. Aptitude can be defined as a combination of characteristics that indicates an individual’s capacity to acquire some specific knowledge or skill after training.