Practicing the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History with Solutions Set 1 allows you to get rid of exam fear and be confident to appear for the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Set 1 with Solutions
Time: 3 Hours.
Max. Marks: 70
General Instructions:
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60-80 words.
- Section C – Question no. 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 300-350 words.
- Section D – Question no. 31 to 33 are Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section E – Question no. 34 is Map based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
Section – A (21 Marks)
Question 1.
Identify the ruler of the Satvahana dynasty with the help of following information: [1]
• He claimed to be both a unique Brahmana and a destroyer of the pride of Kshatriyas.
• He also claimed to have ensured that there was no intermarriage amongst members of the four varnas.
Options:
A. Gotami-puta Siri-Vijaya-Satakani
B. Gotami-puta Siri Satakani
C. Gotami-puta sami-Siri-Yana-Satakani
D. Vasithi-puta (sami-) Siri Pulumayi
Answer:
B. Gotami-puta Siri Satakani
Explanation: Gautamiputra literally means “son of Gautami.” Satakami is a title shared by various Satavahana kings. Gautami putra claimed to be a one-of-a-kind Brahmana as well as a slayer of Kshatriya pride. He also claimed to have prevented intermarriage amongst members of the four varnas.
Question 2.
Who among the following had issued the first gold coins in the first century CE? [1]
A. The Yaudheyas
B. The Parthians
C. The Guptas
D. The Kushanas
Answer:
D. The Kushanas
Explanation: The Kushanas were the first to introduce gold coins alongside existing copper and silver currencies. The majority of the gold appears to have come from trade with the Roman Empire. According to first-century Roman coins, the gold standard weighed around eight grams.
Question 3.
Match the following and select the correct option: [1]
| List-I (Harappan Site) | List-II (Famous for) |
| 1. Lothal | a. Specialised centres for making shell objects |
| 2. Kalibangan | b. Near sources of camelian |
| 3. Dholavira | c. Evidence of ploughed field found |
| 4. Nageshwar | d. Water reservoirs found |
A. 1 – b, 2- c, 3 -d , 4- a
B. 1 – a, 2- d, 3 -c , 4- b
C. 1 – c, 2- b, 3 -d , 4- a
D. 1 – d, 2- a, 3 -b, 4- c
Answer:
A. 1 – b, 2- c, 3 -d, 4- a
Explanation: The Harappan sites are significant today because they represent India’s earliest civilisation. Evidences of various artifacts have been discovered at several Harappan sites. Lothal in Gujarat was near carnelian sources (from Bharuch in Gujarat), we have evidences of ploughed fields from Kalibangan (Rajasthan), and water reservoirs from Dholavira. Nageshwar and Balakot regions were shell sources.
Question 4.
Which one of the following statements is the correct explanation of ‘Endogamy’? [1]
A. Marriage outside a kin group.
B. Marriage within a kin group.
C. A woman having several husbands.
D. A man having several wives.
Answer:
B. Marriage within a kin group.
Explanation: Endogamy is the practice of marrying only within the boundaries of a local group, clan or tribe.
Question 5.
Identify the given image from the following options: [1]
Options:
A. Sculpture of a Gupta king
B. Sculpture of a Maurya king
C. Sculpture of a Kushana king
D. Sculpture of a Chola king
Answer:
C. Sculpture of a Kushana king
Explanation: A gigantic sculpture of King Kanishka I has been discovered in Mathura, northern India. It is distinguished by its frontality and martial pose, with the king holding firmly his sword and a mace.
Question 6.
“Be lamps unto yourselves as all of you must work out your own liberation.”
Identify the essence of the words of Buddha from the options given below: [1]
A. One should connect to inner being.
B. One should live life of brahmacharya.
C. One should focus and express feelings.
D. One should spread religion everywhere.
Answer:
A. One should connect to inner being.
Explanation: The meaning of “Be lamps unto yourselves as all of you must work out your own liberation.” is that one should connect to one’s soul.
Question 7.
Which one among the following dynasties built the Hiriya canal? [1]
A. Sangama dynasty
B. Tuluva dynasty
C. Saluva dynasty
D. Aravidu dynasty
Answer:
A. Sangama dynasty
Explanation: The Hiriya canal is one of the most visible waterworks amid the remains. This canal brought water from a dam over the Tungabhadra and irrigated the farmed valley between the “sacred centre” and the “urban core.” This was supposedly built by Sangama dynasty kings.
Question 8.
Fill in the blank:
The local merchants of the Vijayanagar empire who participated in the trade of horses were called _______. [1]
A. Gajapati
B. Mahanayakas
C. Kudirai Chettis
D. Narapati
Answer:
C. Kudirai Chettis
Explanation: Kudirai Chettis were the local merchants of the Vijayanagara empire who participated
in the horse trade.
Question 9.
Find out the correct chronological order of ‘the Chishti Silsila’ from the following options: [1]
I. Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
II. Shaikh Fariduddin Ganj- Shakar
III. Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh-i Delhi
IV. Shaikh Muinuddin Sijzi
Options:
A. I, II, III & IV
B. II, III, IV & I
C. III, II, I & IV
D. IV, II, I & III
Answer:
D. IV, II, I, III.
Explanation: The correct chronological order of ‘the Chisti Silsila’ is:
1. Shaikh Muinuddin Sijzi
2. Shaikh Fariduddin Ganj- Shakar
3. Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
4. Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh-i Delhi
Question 10.
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion(A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Archaeologists and historians find Harappan script enigmatic.
Reason (R): The Harrapan script remains undeciphered till date. [1]
A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
D. (R) is correct, but (A) is not correct.
Answer:
A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: The Harappan scripts are yet to be deciphered. Till date, no historians or archaeologists could read the script of Harappa. So, much information is yet to be found out by reading those scripts.
Question 11.
Complete the following with the correct option: [1]
Kitab ul Hind : Al-Biruni, Rihla : _______ :
A. Ibn Hawqal
B. Ibn Jubayr
C. Ibn Qalaqis
D. Ibn Battuta
Answer:
D. Ibn Battuta
Explanation: The Rihla is a travelogue written by Ibn Battuta that documents his lifetime of travel and discovery, which he describes as covering aaproximately 70,000 miles (110,000 km).
Question 12.
Which among the following is correctly matched? [1]
| List-I (Centre) | List-II (Leader) |
| A. Delhi | Nana Saheb |
| B. Kanpur | Kunwar Singh |
| C. Arrah | Bahadur Shah |
| D. Lucknow | Birjis Qadr |
Answer:
D. Lucknow – Birjis Qadr
Explanation: Birjis Qadr (August 20, 1845- August 14, 1893) was the Nawab of Awadh from 1857 to 1858. Qadr’s mother appointed him monarch of the state in 1857, following the beginning of the Sepoy Mutiny, and she became his regent. Despite providing stout fight to the British soldiers, they escaped to Kathmandu in Nepal the following year when Lucknow was captured.
Question 13.
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion(A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The Santhals were given land and persuaded to settle in the rocky upper part of Rajmahal Hills.
Reason (R): The British perceived Paharias and Santhals as ideal settlers [1]
A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
D. (R) is correct, but (A) is not correct.
Answer:
C. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
Explanation: The Santhals were perceived as the ideal settlers by the British who promoted the establishment of permanent settlements as it would have increased their land revenue and brought them economic prudence.
Question 14.
Consider the following statements and select the correct from the following options: [1]
I. Francois Bernier was closely associated with the Prince Dara Shukoh.
II. Bernier travelled to several parts of the country, and wrote accounts.
III. He dedicated his major writing to the king of France and Aurangzeb.
Options:
A. II & III
B. II &III
C. I & II
D. I & III
Answer:
C. I & II
Explanation: Bernier chose to travel to Surat and arrived in India in 1656. Francois Bernier had a close relationship with Prince Dara Shikoh. Bernier travelled throughout the country and kept records.
Question 15.
From which of the following regions Ahom rulers belonged to? [1]
A. Delhi
B. Orissa
C. Ajmer
D. Assam
Answer:
D. Assam
Explanation: The Ahom, also known as the Tai-Ahom, is an ethnic group from the Indian region of Assam.
Question 16.
Which one of the following metallic coins was more prevalent during the Mughal Empire? [1]
A. Gold
B. Copper
C. Bronze
D. Silver
Answer:
D. Silver
Explanation: Records say that silver coins were more prevalent during Mughal period. There were also gold and copper coins which were known as Mohur and Dam respectively.
Question 17.
Who among the following introduced Permanent Settlement in Bengal? [1]
A. Lord Cornwallis
B. Lord Dalhousie
C. Lord Irwin
D. Lord Bentinck
Answer:
A. Lord Cornwallis
Explanation: The East India Company, led by Governor-General Lord Cornwallis, established the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793. This was essentially a land revenue arrangement between the company and the Zamindars.
Question 18.
Which of the following options is correct? [1]
A. Gandhiji started Quit India Mission in 1930.
B. Gandhiji gave his first speech in Champaran.
C. Gandhiji worked as radical nationalist leader.
D. Gandhi considered G.K. Gokhale as his political mentor.
Answer:
D. Gandhi considered G.K. Gokhale as his political mentor
Explanation: Gandhi refers to Gokhale as his mentor and guide in his autobiography. Gandhi also praised Gokhale as a great leader and politician, calling him “Pure as crystal, gentle as a lamb, fierce as a lion, chivalrous to a fault, and the most faultless man in the political sphere.”
Question 19.
Find out from the following pairs which one is NOT correctly matched: [1]
A. Lord Wellesley: Subsidiary Alliance
B. Lord Dalhousie: Doctrine of Lapse
C. Lord Henry Hardinge: Introduced the Enfield rifles
D. Lord Canning: Religious Disabilities Act
Answer:
D. Lord Canning: Religious Disabilities Act
Explanation: Lord Wellesley had introduced the Subsidiary Alliance, the Doctrine of Lapse and the Religious Disabilities Act were passed by Lord Dalhousie and Lord Henry Hardinge introduced the Enfield rifles. While Lord Canning introduced the General Service Enlistment Act.
Question 20.
Who among the following was the President of the Constituent Assembly? [1]
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. B.R. Ambedkar
C. Rajendra Prasad
D. Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer:
C. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: When India gained independence in 1947, Prasad was chosen President of the Constituent Assembly of India, which drafted the Indian Constitution and acted as the country’s temporary parliament.
Question 21.
Which one of the following languages was favoured by Gandhiji as the national language? [1]
A. Hindi
B. Urdu
C. Hindustani
D. English
Answer:
C. Hindustani
Explanation: The language ‘Hindustani’ a blend of Hindi and Urdu was fayoured by Gandhiji as the national language. But it couldn’t come into effect. Hindustani as an official language was never selected.
Section – B (18 Marks)
Question 22.
Describe any three sources to know about Harrappan civilization.
OR
Describe any three features of Harappan drainage system. [3]
Answer:
1. The Harappan seal: Around 2,000 seals were unearthed at the Harappa and Mohenjodaro sites. The majority of these seals have rectangular or square shapes. They depict a one-homed bull, a goat, a tiger, an elephant, and a rhinoceros.
2. Distinctive Artefact: Different types of artifacts have been discovered from various sites of Harappan civilisation.
3. Beads, Weights, Blades: Huge amount of beads, beads making factories, weights and measures, blades have been found from different locations.
4. Terracotta Bull: Terracotta Bull as a toy has been discovered which indicates that bulls were used by the Harappan people.
5. Copper Tools: Copper was known to the Harappan people. We get to know this when copper tools were discovered from Harappan sites.
6. Reservoir At Dholavira: A huge reservoir has been discovered from Dholavira.
7. Faience Pots: The Harappans created an extremely compact glassy faience in a range of colours, including white, blue-green, deep blue, and even red-brown.
8. A Terracotta Figurine: Many terracotta figurines have been found from these sites. These indicate their lifestyle, culture, practice etc.
9. “Priest-King” Stone Statue: A Priest King statue has also been found which indicates a chance of administrative rule in Harappa.
OR
1. Harappan cities had the carefully planned drainage system.
2. Roads and streets were laid out along an approximate “grid” pattern, intersecting at right angles.
3. Streets with drains were laid out first and then houses were built along them.
4. Drainages were made with burnt bricks.
5. The drains were made of mortar, lime and gypsum.
6. They were covered with big bricks and stones which could be lifted easily to clean the drains.
7. Lime stones were used as cesspits.
Question 23.
“Magadha was the most powerful mahajanapada ‘. Examine the statement. [3]
Answer:
1. Magadha was a region where agriculture was productive. As it was situated near the Ganga, the alluvial soil helped in more productivity of crops.
2. The Ganga and its tributaries provided a means of cheap and convenient communication.
Transportation through waterways was easily accessible for the Magadhan people and it was less expensive.
3. Magadha was rich in iron resources. Iron mines were accessible and provided resources for tools and weapons.
4. Elephants, an important part of the army, were found in forests in the region.
5. Ambitious kings, of whom Bimbisara, Ajatasatru and Mahapadma Nanda are the best known, and their ministers, who helped implement their policies.
Question 24.
Analyse the concept of the Asiatic mode of production as stated by Karl Marx. [3]
Answer:
1. The idea of Bernier based on differences between Mughal India and Europe on the lack of private property was further developed by Karl Marx as the concept of the Asiatic mode of production.
2. Marx argued that in India (and other Asian countries), before colonialism, surplus was appropriated by the state.
3. This led to the emergence of a society that was composed of a large number of autonomous and egalitarian village communities.
4. The imperial court presided over these village communities, respecting their autonomy as long as the flow of surplus was unimpeded.
5. This was regarded as a stagnant system.
Question 25.
Describe the features of water resources of Vijayanagar empire. [3]
Answer:
1. Vijayanagar was built in a natural basin formed by the river Tungabhadra, which flows in a northeasterly direction, and surrounded by granite hills.
2. A number of streams flow down to the river from these rocky outcrops.
3. Many embankments were constructed along these streams to build reservoirs of various sizes.
4. As Vijayanagar was located in one of the most dry areas of the peninsula, elaborate arrangements were made to store rainwater and supply it to the city.
5. Kamalapuram tank is the outstanding example of such a tank, built in the early fifteenth century. Water from this tank was utilised not only to irrigate fields, but was also supplied through a channel to the “royal centre.”
6. One of the most prominent waterworks was the Hiriya canal.
7. The Hiriya canal, according to historians, was one of the most prominent waterworks. This canal carried water from a dam built over the Tungabhadra. Kings of the Sangama dynasty constructed this canal.
8. Water resources irrigated the cultivated valley that separated the “Sacred Centre” from the “Urban Core”.
Question 26.
“The power of the Jotedars was more effective than that of the zamindars”. Justify the statement with suitable arguments. [3]
Answer:
1. When many zamindars were in crisis at the end of the 18th century, a group of rich peasants
known as jotedars were cementing their power in the villages. Jotedars were located in the
villages unlike zamindars.
2. Jotedars exercised direct control over a considerable section of poor villagers
3. Jotedars had amassed large tracts of land. They controlled local trade and moneylending, wielding enormous power over the poorer cultivators. A large part of their land was cultivated by adhiyars or bargadars (sharecroppers).
4. They fiercely resisted efforts by zamindars to increase the jama of the village.
5. They prevented zamindari officials from executing their duties which undermined the powers of the zamindars.
6. They mobilised ryots who were dependent on them.
7. They deliberately delayed payments of revenue to the zamindar.
8. When the estates of the zamindars were auctioned off for failing to make revenue payments, jotedars frequently purchased them. As a result, the Jotedars became the most powerful in North Bengal.
Question 27.
“Art and literature helped in keeping alive the memory of 1857.”
Explain with examples from Indian perspective.
OR
‘Rumours and prophesies played an important role in the Revolt of 1857.’ Explain the statement with example. [3]
Answer:
1. The leaders of the revolt were presented as heroic figures leading the country into battle and they have been mentioned widely in the texts and paintings.
2. It helped in rousing the people to righteous indignation against oppressive imperial rule.
3. Heroic poems were written about the valour of Rani Lakshmi Bai.
4. Rani Lakshmi Bai fought for the freedom of her motherland. Rani of Jhansi was represented as a masculine figure chasing the enemy, slaying British soldiers and valiantly fighting till her last.
5. In popular prints, Rani Lakshmi Bai is usually portrayed in battle armour, with a sword in hand and riding a horse – a symbol of the determination to resist injustice and alien rule.
6. Subhadra Kumari Chauhan wrote: “Khoob lari mardani woh to Jhansi wali rani thi”.
7. There were several other brave warriors like Tantia Tope, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Kunwar Singh and several others who show great signs of valour and numerous paintings and writings were dedicated to them as well.
OR
1. Cartridges of the Enfield rifles: Bullets coated with the fat of cows and pigs and that biting those bullets would corrupt their caste and religion.
2. Flour. Rumours circulated that the British were attempting to destroy Indian faith by incorporating the bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour that was sold in the market.
3. There was widespread worry that the British intended to convert Indians to Christianity.
4. Chapattis: Reports came from various parts of North India that chapattis were being distributed from village to village.
5. Lota and khalasi issue: Khalasi from a lower caste asked a Brahmin sepoy to give him some water from his container of water. The sepoy refused to give him his container saying that touch by a lower caste would pollute the water.
6. The prophecy that British control would end on the anniversary of the Battle of Plassey, on June 23, 1857, bolstered the response to the call to action.
Section – C (24 Marks)
Question 28.
Describe the familial relationship observed during Mahabharat era.
OR
Describe the Social implications of access to Resources during Mahabharat period. [8]
Answer:
1. Families are usually parts of larger networks of people defined as relatives/kinfolk. There are several people and relationships which make up a family.
2. People belonging to the same family share food, resources, work, and live together and perform rituals together.
3. Familial ties were often regarded as “natural” and based on blood.
4. Rules about patriliny: The Mahabharata shows patriliny. It describes a feud over land and power between the Kauravas and the Pandavas.
5. Most ruling dynasties followed patrilineal succession with little variations where the eldest son was the rightful heir after the death of his father.
6. In very exceptional circumstances, women such as Prabhavati Gupta the daughter of Chandragupta II exercised power after the demise of her father.
7. Rules of marriage: There were two systems of marriage- Endogamy and Exogamy. In endogamy, marriage within the same clan/unit and in exogamy, marriage outside the clan/unit.
8. Marriages: Girls were married at the “right” time and to the “right” person.
9. Kanyadana or the gift of a daughter in marriage was an important religious duty of the father.
10. There were three types of marriage- Monogamy, Polygamy or Polyandry. In monogamy, there was a single husband and a single wife. In polygamy, one husband possesses multiple wives. In polyandry one wife possesses many husbands.
11. Marriage norms were compiled in Dharmasutras, Dharmashastras and Manusmriti.
12. These texts recognized as many as eight forms of marriage.
13. The Gotra rules for women: Each gotra was named after a Vedic seer, and all those who belonged to the same gotra were regarded as his descendants.
14. Two rules about gotra were particularly important: (a) women were expected to give up their father’s gotra and adopt that of their husband on marriage and (b) members of the same gotra could not marry.
15. Some of the Satavahana rulers were polygynous. They have matrilineal succession and women occupied a higher position in their society.
OR
1. Gendered access to property: According to the Dharmashastras, the paternal estate was to be divided equally amongst sons after the death of the father, with a special share for the eldest.
2. Women could not claim a share of these resources. They were allowed to retain stridhana.
3. This could be inherited by their children, without the husband having any claim on it.
4. Wealthy women such as the Vakataka queen Prabhavati Gupta had property including lands and other resources of the kingdom.
5. Epigraphic and textual evidences suggest that upper-class women had access to resources, land, cattle and money.
6. Varna and access to property: Another criterion (apart from gender) for regulating access to wealth was varna.
7. While a variety of occupations were listed for men of the first three varnas, generally the people belonging to the different varnas worked in specific professions which also determined their positions in the society.
8. Poems included in the Tamil Sangam anthologies often illuminate social and economic relationships, while there were differences between rich and poor, those who controlled resources were also expected to share them.
Question 29.
Analyse the importance and limitations of Ain-i-Akbari as a source of Akbar’s reign.
OR
Examine the ways in which panchayats regulated Mughal rural society. [8]
Answer:
Importance
1. The Ain gives detailed accounts of the organization of the Mughals.
2. It included court, administration and army, the sources of revenue and the physical layout of the provinces of Akbar’s empire.
3. It included the literary, cultural and religious traditions of the people living during the reign of Akbar and as a whole in the Mughal empire.
4. It mentioned descriptions of provinces (subas) of the empire and how they were functional.
5. Ain gives us intricate quantitative information of Mughal provinces and the important positions in these provinces.
6. Description of diverse customs and practices prevailing across extensive territories.
7. The Ain is therefore a mine of information about Akbar’s reign.
Limitations
1. Numerous errors in totalling have been detected and much of the quantitative data cannot be trusted blindly.
2. Ain is the somewhat skewed accounts of the quantitative data with numerous errors. The revenue figures and the other do not provide the correct statistics of that time.
3. While the fiscal data from the subas is remarkable for its richness, some equally vital parameters such as prices and wages from these same areas are not as well documented.
4. The detailed list of prices and wages is mainly derived from data pertaining to areas in or around the imperial capital of Agra and the data of the other places are not included.
5. Ain is therefore of limited relevance for making numerical analysis of the data in those times related to economics and other social and political parameters.
OR
1. The village panchayat was an assembly of elders with hereditary rights over their property.
2. The panchayat was usually a heterogeneous body. An oligarchy, governed panchayat represented various castes and communities.
3. The decisions made by panchayats were binding on the members. The panchayat was headed by a headman known as muqaddam or mandal.
4. The headman was chosen through the consensus of the village elders, and that this choice had to be ratified by the zamindar.
5. Headmen held office as long as they enjoyed the confidence of the village elders, failing which they could be dismissed by them.
6. The chief function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the accountant or patwari of the panchayat.
7. The panchayat derived its funds from contributions made by individuals to a common financial pool. These funds were utilised for meeting out different tasks related to the development and needs of the people.
8. Panchayat ensured that caste boundaries among the various communities inhabiting the village were upheld.
9. Panchayats also had the authority to levy fines and inflict more serious forms of punishment like expulsion from the community.
Question 30.
Explain the importance of Non-Cooperation Movement.
OR
Explain the significance of Civil Disobedience Movement. [8]
Answer:
1. Gandhiji coupled non-cooperation with Khilafat and adjoined Hindus and Muslims to end colonial rule. This movement reached the wider echelons of the society which made the British administration vulnerable.
2. These movements unleashed a surge of popular action that was altogether unprecedented in colonial India and such large scale mass movement was never seen before.
3. As a result of the Non-Cooperation Movement, Indians did not cooperate with the government at any level. There was boycott of schools, colleges and law courts. People gave up their professions and the students left their schools and colleges to join the movement.
4. National schools, colleges were opened in different parts of the country to promote the awareness of the national struggle and ending the dominance of the British in education system.
5. Non-payment of taxes were done. People were reluctant to pay taxes to the British anymore.
6. Renunciation of titles and voluntary association with the government.
7. This movement changed the course of Indian history.
8. Poor peasants, workers, students, lawyers and industrialists joined the Non-Cooperation Movement.
9. Hindus, Muslims, Parsees and Sikhs were told to unite. They started to agitate under a common umbrella.
10. Thousands of volunteers joined for the cause.
11. Many officials resigned from their posts. Many lawyers gave up their practices in British courts.
12. Meetings were attended by all sections of people and the national leaders were highly revered by the common people.
13. Women participated in large number which brought them to the main centre of the movement.
14. It was training for self-rule.
OR
1. Gandhiji organised the Civil Disobedience Movement against Salt Law. Salt law gave the state a monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt.
2. The state monopoly on salt was deeply unpopular as in every Indian household salt was indispensable and the people were forbidden for making salt even for domestic use.
3. Gandhiji hoped to mobilise a wider discontent against British rule and started the Dandi March from his ashram at Sabarmati in Ahmedabad.
4. At Dandi, Gandhiji broke the salt law and led to the official beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
5. Parallel Salt Marches were organised in other parts of the country which received the wide support of the people and displayed their anger against the British administration.
6. Peasants breached the colonial forest laws which restricted their access to forests.
7. Factory owners went on strike as a result of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
8. Lawyers boycotted British courts. They gave up their practices.
9. Students refused to attend educational institutions and schools run by the government.
10. Many Indians were arrested. They were sent to jail for participating in this movement.
11. Gandhiji made a plea to the upper caste to serve untouchables. He tried to bridge the gap between the two sections of the society.
12. Hindus, Muslims, Parsees and Sikhs were told to unite. They were said to agitate under the same umbrella.
13. Thousands of volunteers joined for the cause of Civil Disobedience Movement.
14. Many officials resigned from their posts.
15. Gandhiji’s meetings were attended by all sections of people.
16. Women participated in large number. They came in the frontline and started to protest along with men.
17. Dandi March brought Gandhi to world attention. The March was covered by European and American press.
18. Salt march made British realized that they would have to devolve some powers to Indians.
Section – D (12 Marks)
Question 31.
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Sanchi in the Nineteenth Century
The most wonderful ancient buildings in the state of Bhopal are at Sanchi Kanakhera. a small village under the brow of a hill some 20 miles northeast of Bhopal which we visited yesterday. We inspected the stone sculptures and statues of the Buddha and an ancient gateway. The ruins appear to be the object of great interest to European gentlemen. Major Alexander Cunningham stayed several weeks in this neighbourhood and examined these ruins most carefully. He took drawings of the place, deciphered the inscription, and bored shafts down these domes. The results of his investigations were described by him in an English work. From Shahjehan Begum, Nawab of Bhopal (ruled 1868-1901), Taj- ul Iqbal Tarikh Bhopal (A History of Bhopal), translated by H.D. Barstow, 1876.
31.1.
Why was Sanchi an interest to Alexander Cunningham?
Answer:
1. Cunningham was supposed to prepare illustrated reports on the stupa.
2. Sanchi was a center of Buddhist heritage and an important part in the history and archaeology of India.
3. Tha architecture of the stupas were marvelous and they also possessed important jewels.
31.2.
How was Sanchi related to Buddhism?
Answer:
1. Sanchi is one of the oldest Buddhist monuments containing the relics of the Buddha.
2. The domed shape of the stupa represent Buddha seated in meditation posture which is of prime importance for the Buddhist people.
31.3.
How did Shahjahan Begum conserve Sanchi stupa?
Answer:
1. The rulers of Bhopal, Shahjahan Begum and Sultan Jehan Begum, provided money for the preservation of the ancient site.
2. John Marshall dedicated his important volumes on Sanchi to Sultan Jehan.
3. She funded the museum that was built there as well as the guest house where John Marshall lived.
4. She also funded the publication of the volumes written by John Marshall.
Question 32.
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Love for the Lord
This is part of a song attributed to Mirabai:
I will build a funeral pyre of sandalwood and aloe:
Light it by your own hand
When I am burned away to cinders:
Smear this ash upon your limbs,
let flame be lost in flame.
In another verse, she sings:
What can Mewar’s ruler do to me?
If God is angry, all is lost,
But what can the Rana do?
32.1.
Examine the reason of calling Meera Bai as an ascetic figure.
Answer:
i. Meera Bai led the life of asceticism and became a devotional and mystic poet.
ii. She stood against the conventions of her times and challenged the established notions of the society at that time.
iii. She showed her spiritual devotion for Krishna and spent her time in singing prayers of Lord Krishna.
32.2.
Analyse Meera Bai’s relation with Mewar.
Answer:
Mira Bai was married to crown prince of Mewar but after few years Rana of Mewar died.
32.3.
How was Mirabai unique among the poet-saints of the Bhakti movement?
Answer:
i. Mirabai was unique among the poet-saints of the Bhakti movement owing to her socio-economic background as well as her gender.
ii. Bom a princess, she opted for the life of a saint.
iii. She lived a life of austerity.
iv. She showed absolute devotion to her beloved Krishna.
Question 33.
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
We say that it is our firm and solemn resolve to have an independent sovereign republic. India is bound to be sovereign, it is bound to be independent and it is bound to be a republic. Now, some friends have raised the. question: “Why have you not put in the word ‘democratic’ here? Well, I told them that it is conceivable, of course, that a republic may not be democratic but the whole of our past is witness to this fact that we stand for democratic institutions.
Obviously we are aiming at democracy and nothing less than a democracy. What form of democracy, what shape it might take is another matter. The democracies of the present day, many of them in Europe and elsewhere have played a great part in the world’s progress. Yet it may be doubtful if those democracies may not have to change their shape somewhat before long if they have to remain completely democratic.
We are not going just to copy. I hope, a certain democratic procedure or an institution of a so-called democratic country. We may improve upon it. In any event whatever system of government we may establish here must fit in with the temper of our people and be acceptable to them. We stand for democracy It will be for this House determine what shape to give to that democracy, The fullest democracy, I hope.
The House will notice that in this Resolution, although we have not used the word ‘democratic” because we thought it is obvious that the word ‘republic” contains that word and we did not want to use unnecessary words and redundant words, but we have done something much more than using the word. We have given the content of democracy in this Resolution and not only the content of democracy, but the content, if I may say so, of economic democracy in this Resolution.
Others might take objection to this Resolution on the ground that we have not said that it should be a Socialist State. Well, I stand for Socialism and, I hope, India will stand for Socialism and that India will go towards the constitution of a Socialist State and I do believe that the whole world will have to go that way.
Constituent Assembly Debates (CAD). Vol. I.
33.1.
Explain the term sovereignty.
Answer:
Sovereign: It means people have the supreme right to take decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the Government of India.
33.2.
How has democracy been related with sovereignty in the passage?
Answer:
1. It showed that India going to be a sovereign state, not under dominion of another country.
2. Not being subject to the control of any other State or external power.
3. It was related to “Republic” indicating a government by the people and for the people.
33.3.
How did the Constitution framers highlight the need of economic democracy?
Answer:
1. The Indian Constitution framers strived to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order in which social, economic and political justice should be provided to all.
2. They wanted India to be a socialist state.
3. They tried to frame policies through which inequalities to be minimized in income and status.
Section – E (5 Marks)
Question 34.
34.1.
On the given political map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols: [3]
I. Amravati- A Stupa- Andhra Pradesh
II. Rakhigarhi- Indus Valley Site-Haryana
III. Agra-Territory Under the Control of Mughals-Uttar Pradesh
OR
Vijayanagar- Capital of Vijayanagar empire-Kamataka.
34.2.
On the same outline map, two places have been marked as ‘A’ and ‘B’, as the centres of the Revolt of 1857 Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. [2]
Answer:
