US History Textbook 8th Grade References Part 1
Explore the US History Textbook 8th Grade References Part 1 study material pdf and utilize it for learning all the covered concepts as it always helps in improving the conceptual knowledge.
R1
Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2
California Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R14
California State Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R16
Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R18
Presidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R23
Facts about the States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R28
American Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R30
Supreme Court Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R32
Historical Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R40
Biographical Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R52
English and Spanish Glossary . . . . . . . . . R62
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R84
Credits and Acknowledgments . . . . . . .R100
References
Seattle
Spokane
P
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catello
T
a
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m
a
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Eugene
Boise
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alt L
a
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C
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i
ty
San Francisco
Sacramento
Berkeley
Lo
s
A
n
g
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le
s
V
e
n
tura
Santa Barbara
Long
Bea
ch
T
u
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C
asa G
ra
n
d
e
Flag
s
t
a
ff
Reno
San Jose
F
res
n
o
R
i
verside
Palm Springs
Anaheim
S
a
nta
A
na
San Diego
O
aklan
d
Las
V
egas
P
ro
v
o
Ogden
Sun Valley
P
hoen
ix
O
des
s
a
Midland
A
m
a
rillo
O
k
l
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bo
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Ab
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San Antonio
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h
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L
awton
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P
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H
ele
n
a
Cheyenne
Aspen
Denver
Colorad
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Springs
Pueblo
B
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r
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San
ta
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Billings
G
re
at Falls
P
ie
r
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Rapid City
Bismarck
O
ly
m
p
ia
Portland
12
5
˚W
1
2
0
˚W
125˚W
45˚N
3
0
˚N
3
5
˚
N
40
˚
N
Channel Islan
ds
Cape
M
endocino
P
a
dre
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sland
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reat
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alt
Lake
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ta
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P
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s
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e
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Gulf of
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ALASKA
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USSIA
1
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0
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170°W
170°E
50°N
55°N
180°
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1
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0
°W
140°W
A
r
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t
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c
C
i
r
c
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0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Albers Equal Area
N
S
W
E
22°N
19°N
160°W
155°W
PACIFIC
OCEAN
H
o
n
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Molokai
Kauai
Niihau
Kahoolawe
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Oahu
Maui
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H
A
W
A
II
0 75 150 Miles
0 75 150 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
To understand the relative locations of Alaska and
Hawaii, as well as the vast distances separating them
from the rest of the United States, see the world map.
R2 ATLAS
ATLAS
The United States of America: Political
T
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Pitts
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P
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lp
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T
ren
to
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A
tlantic C
ity
C
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m
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e
n
New York City
Y
o
n
k
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rs
N
ew
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Burlington
Jersey City
B
ridgeport
Boston
C
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M
a
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A
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G
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Evansville
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Newport News
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w
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D.C.
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polis
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90˚W
95˚W
80˚W
85˚W
70˚W
75˚W
25˚N
40˚N
35˚N
3
0˚N
25
˚N
C
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Gulf of Mexico
M
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M
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IA
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M
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ISSISS
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M
I
C
H
I
G
A
N
CANADA
THE BAHAMAS
N
S
W
E
National capital
State capitals
Other cities
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 100 200 Miles
0 100 200 Kilometers
ATLAS R3
ATLAS
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t
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13,804 ft.
(4,207 m
)
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.
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(
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PACIFIC
OCEAN
CANADA
MEXICO
125˚W
120
˚W
125˚W
45˚N
3
0
˚N
3
5
˚
N
40˚N
P
A
C
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IC
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C
E
A
N
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Bering Sea
B
e
r
i
n
g
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t
r
a
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t
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e
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t
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D
A
R
USSIA
160°W
170°W
170°
E
50°N
55°N
180°
55°N
1
5
0
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140°W
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
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l
e
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ount McKinley
20,320 ft.
(6,194 m
)
A
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A
R
A
N
G
E
B
R
O
O
K
S
R
A
N
G
E
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Albers Equal Area
N
S
W
E
22°N
19°N
160°W
155°W
PACIFIC
OCEAN
M
a
u
n
a
K
e
a
1
3
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9
6 ft.
(4
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0
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)
Molokai
Kauai
Niihau
Kahoolawe
Lanai
Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
H
A
W
A
II
0 75 150 Miles
0 75 150 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
To understand the relative locations of Alaska and Hawaii,
as well as the vast distances separating them from the rest
of the United States, see the world map.
R4 ATLAS
The United States of America: Physical
ATLAS
C
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t
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d
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lta
The
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lades
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k
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f
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wamp
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C
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s
Long Island
Cape Cod
Cape
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C
h
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e
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ill
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.
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M
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u
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s
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a
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P
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A
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I
A
N
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
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R
P
L
A
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C
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A
L
P
L
A
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P
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D
M
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A
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D
A
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I
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S
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L
A
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L
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R
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G
H
E
N
Y
P
L
A
T
E
A
U
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
CANADA
THE BAHAMAS
9
0˚W
95˚W
8
0˚
W
85˚W
70˚W
75˚W
25˚N
4
0
˚N
35˚N
25˚N
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 100 200 Miles
0 100 200 Kilometers
4,000
2,000
500
200
0 (Sea level)
Below
sea level
13,120
6,560
1,640
656
(Sea level) 0
Below
sea level
Feet Meters
ELEVATION
ATLAS R5
ATLAS
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
Arctic
40°S
60°S
20°S
0°
20°N
40°N
60°N
Equator
1
60°W
1
4
0
°W
120°W
100°W
80°
W
60°W
40°W
2
0°W
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle
Mexico
City
Washington,
D.C.
Chicago
Vancouver
Toronto
New York City
Ottawa
Montreal
Houston
Quito
Bogotá
Paramaribo
Georgetown
Caracas
Los Angeles
Winnipeg
Brasília
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
Montevideo
Asunción
Buenos
Aires
Santiago
Sucre
La Paz
Lima
Nouakchott
Dakar
Bamako
Casablanca
Rabat
Godthåb
Galápagos
Islands
(ECUADOR)
Bermuda
(U.K.)
Falkland
Islands
(U.K.)
South
Georgia
(U.K.)
South Sandwich
Islands
American
Samoa
Greenland
(DENMARK)
FRENCH GUIANA
(FRANCE)
WESTERN
SAHARA
(Sovereignty
Disputed)
A
l
e
u
t
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
ALASKA
(U.S.)
HAWAII
(U.S.)
CÔTE
D’IVOIRE
SIERRA
LEONE
LIBERIA
KIRIBATI
SAMOA
TONGA
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
ICELAND
CAPE VERDE
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
BOLIVIA
GUYANA
SURINAME
MALI
MAURITANIA
PERU
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
ARGENTINA
MOROCCO
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
PARAGUAY
CHILE
MEXICO
CANADA
UNITED
STATES
BRAZIL
NORTH
AMERICA
SOUTH
AMERICA
N
S
W
E
20°N
10°N
90°W
90°W
80°W
70°W
60°W
Tropic of Cancer
PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
CARIBBEAN SEA
GULF OF
MEXICO
Nassau
Havana
Port-au-Prince
Port-of-
Spain
Guatemala City
SanSalvador
San José
Belmopan
Tegucigalpa
Kingston
Santo
Domingo
Managua
Panama
City
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO
GUATEMALA
COSTA RICA
MEXICO
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
BELIZE
BAHAMAS
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
GUYANA
PANAMA
CUBA
JAMAICA
HAITI
EL SALVADOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FLORIDA
(U.S.)
Guadeloupe (FRANCE)
Martinique (FRANCE)
Puerto Rico
(U.S.)
Turks and Caicos Is.
(U.K.)
Cayman Is.
(U.K.)
Aruba
(NETHERLANDS)
Netherlands
Antilles
(NETHERLANDS)
Virgin Islands
(U.S. and U.K.)
0 200 400 Miles
0 200 400 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
St. Johns
Basseterre
Roseau
Castries
Kingstown
Bridgetown
St. George’s
Antigua and Barbuda
St. Kitts and Nevis
Dominica
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
Barbados
Grenada
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COUNTRY CAPITAL
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Mollweide
0 500 1,000 Miles
0 500 1,000 Kilometers
World: Political
R6 ATLAS
ATLAS
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
INDIAN OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
20°S
0°
20
°N
40°N
60°N
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Circle
2
0
°E
4
0
°
E
60
°
E
80
°
E
100°
E
1
2
0
°
E
1
4
0
°
E
1
6
0
°
E
60°S
Luanda
Kinshasa
Niamey
Pretoria
Maputo
Harare
Gaborone
Windhoek
Lusaka
Johannesburg
Cape Town
Bloemfontein
Antananarivo
DaresSalaam
Dodoma
Sanaa
Asmara
Addis Ababa
Khartoum
N’Djamena
Ankara
Istanbul
Riyadh
Abuja
Nicosia
Jerusalem
Cairo
Damascus
Amman
Tripoli
Tunis
Algiers
Beirut
Lagos
Moscow
Chennai
(Madras)
Mumbai
(Bombay)
Calcutta
Dhaka
Astana
Almaty
Tashkent
Baku
Ulaanbaatar
Delhi
Kathmandu
New
Delhi
Karachi
Kabul
Islamabad
Muscat
Tehran
Ashgabat
Baghdad
Manila
Osaka
–
Yokohama
Tokyo
Chongqing
Wuhan
Guangzhou
Harbin
Tianjin
Beijing
Seoul
Nagoya
Shanghai
Taipei
Hanoi
Hong
Kong
Phnom Penh
Yangon
(Rangoon)
P’yongyang
Colombo
Jakarta
Ho Chi
Minh City
Kuala
Lumpur
Singapore
Surabaya
Bangkok
Melbourne
Canberra
Sydney
Wellington
Port Moresby
Nairobi
˘
New Caledonia
(FRANCE)
Guam (U.S.)
Northern
Mariana
(U.S.)
Réunion
(FRANCE)
CABINDA
(ANGOLA)
Tasmania
ERITREA
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
THAILAND
LAOS
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
QATAR
ISRAEL
JORDAN
AZERBAIJAN
UZBEKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN
KUWAIT
BAHRAIN
OMAN
AFGHANISTAN
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
SYRIA
TAIWAN
EQUA–
TORIAL
GUINEA
A
NORTH
KOREA
SOUTH
KOREA
BRUNEI
SINGAPORE
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
MALDIVES
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
MARSHALL
ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
TUVALU
KIRIBATI
NAURU
PALAU
EAST TIMOR
VANUATU
FIJI
MOZAMBIQUE
KENYA
JAPAN
MALAYSIA
DJIBOUTI
CYPRUS
UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES
TOGO
LEBANON
ARMENIA
SÃO TOMÉ
AND
PRINCIPE
BENIN
SEYCHELLES
MAURITIUS
COMOROS
MADAGASCAR
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
MALAWI
BURUNDI
RWANDA
UGANDA
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE
CONGO
REP.
OF THE
CONGO
GABON
CAMEROON
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
SRI
LANKA
IRAQ
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
PAKISTAN
PHILIPPINES
ALGERIA
TANZANIA
ZAMBIA
NAMIBIA
YEMEN
OMAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
TUNISIA
TURKEY
GEORGIA
NEPAL
EGYPT
LIBYA
ETHIOPIA
NIGERIA
SUDAN
NIGER
CHAD
MONGOLIA
INDONESIA
SOMALIA
ANGOLA
SOUTH
AFRICA
IRAN
NEW
ZEALAND
AUSTRALIA
INDIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
RUSSIA
ANTARCTICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
ASIA
Lisbon
Reykjavik
Dublin
Budapest
Oslo
Madrid
Paris
Bern
London
The Hague
Amsterdam
Copenhagen
Stockholm
Helsinki
St. Petersburg
Brussels
Vienna
Bucharest
Sofia
Rome
Moscow
Minsk
Kiev
Tiranë
Chis
¸ina˘u
Athens
Warsaw
Berlin
50°N
40°N
60°N
Arctic
Circle
0°
1
0
°
E
2
0
°
E
30
°
E
40
°
E
10
°
W
50
°E
60
°
E
8
0
°E
BLACK SEA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
NORTH
SEA
Corsica
(FRANCE)
Sardinia
(ITALY)
Balearic
Is.
(SPAIN)
Sicily
Crete
Gibraltar
(U.K.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
VATICAN CITY
SAN MARINO
ALBANIA
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM
LUXEMBOURG
SWITZERLAND
DENMARK
LIECHTENSTEIN
MONACO
ANDORRA
MALTA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
IRELAND
BULGARIA
PORTUGAL
GREECE
SWEDEN
FINLAND
GERMANY
ITALY
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
NORWAY
ICELAND
POLAND
BELARUS
UNITED
KINGDOM
UKRAINE
FRANCE
RUSSIA
SPAIN
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Mollweide
N
S
W
E
Prague
Bratislava
Ljubljana
Zagreb
Sarajevo
Skopje
Belgrade
Vilnius
Riga
Tallinn
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
COUNTRY CAPITAL
HRW World History
wh06se_atlmap001a
World: Political
APPROVED – 12/16/04
ATLAS R7
ATLAS
North Pole
60°N
70°N
80°N
80°N
70°N
60°N
1
0°W
10°E
20°W
30
°
W
4
0°W
50°W
80°W
9
0
°
W
10
0
°W
1
3
0
°W
120°W
110°W
1
4
0
°W
150°W
160°W
170°W
170°
E
160°E
180°
0°
10°N
20°N
3
0°N
40°N
5
0
°N
50°N
40°N
30
°N
2
0
°N
0° E
q
u
ato
r
10
°N
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
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l
e
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n
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r
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ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ARCTIC OCEAN
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Labrador
Sea
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eau
fo
r
t
S
ea
Bering
Sea
Gulf o
f
Alaska
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n
Bay
Baffin
Bay
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u
l
f
o
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l
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a
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Mexico
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f
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e
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e
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r
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reat
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d
e
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a
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m
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a
n
a
l
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r
u
b
a
(
NE
T
H
E
R
L
AND
S
)
Nethe
rl
a
nds
Anti
lle
s
(N
ET
HERLA
N
DS)
Puerto Rico
(
U
.
S
.
)
M
artin
iq
ue
(
F
R
A
N
C
E
)
V
irg
in I
s
.
(U
.S
.
,U
.K
.
)
G
u
a
d
e
lo
u
p
e
(
F
R
A
N
CE
)
C
aymanIs.
(U
.
K.
)
Turks and Caicos
Islands
(
U
.K
.
)
St. Pie
rre and
Miquelo
n
(
F
R
A
N
C
E
)
B
erm
u
d
a
(U
.K.)
Que
en
Charlotte
Islands
B
a
f
f
i
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
V
i
c
to
r
ia
Is
la
n
d
B
a
n
k
s
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n
d
St.
L
a
wrence
Island
Kodiak
Island
Nunivak
Island
Point
Barrow
Queen
Eli
zabeth
Islands
C
ape
F
a
re
w
e
ll
N
e
w
fo
u
n
d
la
n
d
C
oats
Island
M
a
n
s
e
l
Is
l
a
n
d
South
ampton
Isl
and
Anticost
i
Island
Cape C
od
C
a
p
e
H
a
tte
r
a
s
Ca
pe Canaver
al
F
lo
r
id
a
K
ey
s
Prince
Edward
Island
Cape
B
r
eton
Island
E
l
l
e
s
m
e
r
e
I
s
l
a
n
d
A
l
e
x
a
n
d
e
r
A
r
c
h
i
p
e
l
a
g
o
Vancouver
Island
C
a
p
e
M
endoci
no
New
Yor
kCi
t
y
Chi
cag
o
Mexic
o
City
Los Angel
es
Housto
n
S
a
n
to
D
o
m
i
n
g
o
B
irm
in
g
h
a
m
T
iju
a
n
a
M
érida
Belmop
an
Panama City
Managua
T
eg
ucigalpa
Austin
N
a
ssa
u
K
in
g
s
ton
Salt Lake
City
Denver
M
em
phis
Jackso
nville
A
n
c
h
o
ra
g
e
Juneau
N
ew O
r
leans
S
a
nJ
o
sé
S
a
n
A
n
to
n
io
In
d
ia
n
a
p
o
lis
Kansas City
C
olumb
u
s
Po
r
tland
M
i
lw
a
u
k
e
e
P
o
rt-au
-
Prince
Phoenix
A
tl
a
n
ta
B
osto
n
Q
u
e
b
e
c
Calgary
Edmonton
O
ttaw
a
Vancouver
W
innipeg
W
a
shington, D.C.
S
e
a
tt
le
S
a
nFra
n
c
is
c
o
San
Jose
M
iami
Monterrey
Gu
a
d
a
laja
ra
Puebla
G
u
a
te
m
a
la C
it
y
SanSalvador
Ha
v
ana
San
Juan
B
altim
o
r
e
N
o
rfo
lk
Minneapolis
S
t. Louis
Cleveland
San Diego
P
h
i
la
d
e
lp
h
i
a
Montreal
T
o
ro
n
to
D
e
tr
o
it
Dallas
ALASKA
(U.S.)
G
re
e
n
land
(D
E
N
M
A
R
K
)
MEXICO
BELIZE
G
UATEM
ALA
HON
DUR
A
S
EL SAL
VADOR
NI
CARAGUA
COSTA
RICA
PANAMA
JAMA
IC
A
HAITI
DOM
INICAN
REPU
BLIC
C
UBA
THE
BAHAMAS
CANADA
U
N
I
T
E
D
S
T
A
T
E
S
D
O
M
I
N
I
CA
ST
.LUCIA
ST. V
I
N
CE
N
TAND
T
HE GRENADINE
S
GRENADA
TR
I
NI
D
AD AN
DTOB
A
G
O
ANT
I
GUA &
B
A
R
BUDA
B
A
R
B
A
D
O
S
ST. K
I
TTS
& NEVIS
I
CE
LAND
ASIA
EUROPE
S
O
U
T
H
A
M
E
R
I
C
A
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal EqualArea
0 300 600 Miles
0 300 600 Kilometers
ATLAS
R8 ATLAS
North America: Political
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
S
e
a
O
r
i
n
o
c
o
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
a
z
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
a
z
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
M
a
r
a
ñ
ó
n
R
i
v
e
r
U
c
a
y
a
l
i
R
i
v
e
r
R
í
o
d
e
l
a
P
l
a
t
a
U
r
u
g
u
a
y
R
i
v
e
r
S
ã
o
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
í
o
N
e
g
r
o
P
a
r
a
g
u
a
y
R
i
v
e
r
P
a
r
a
n
á
R
i
v
e
r
L
a
k
e
P
o
o
p
ó
Lake
Titicaca
La
k
e
M
a
ra
c
a
ib
o
Strait of
Magell
a
n
T
i
e
rra
d
e
l
Fu
e
g
o
S
o
u
th G
e
o
rg
ia
Isla
n
d
(U.K
.)
Juan
Fernández
Islands
(
C
H
IL
E
)
Sa
n Félix Island
(CHILE)
San Ambrosio
Island
(CHILE)
Malpelo
Is
land
(COLOMBIA)
G
a
l
á
pag
o
s
Is
la
n
d
s
(
E
C
U
A
D
O
R
)
Falk
l
and
I
slands (U.
K
.
)
FRENCH
GUIANA
(FRANCE)
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAM
E
BRAZIL
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
CHILE
ARGENTINA
CENTRAL
AMERICA
70°W
60°W
50
°W
4
0
°W
30°W
20°W
80°W
90°W
1
0
0
°W
90°W
6
0
°W
7
0
°W
8
0
°
W
5
0
°W
4
0
°W
20°N
10°N
20°S
30°S
4
0
°S
5
0
°S
E
qu
a
t
o
r0
°
10°S
10°N
20°N
10°S
20°
S
30°S
4
0
°S
0° Equator
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
p
r
i
c
o
r
n
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
p
r
i
c
o
r
n
Caracas
Cartagena
Barranquilla
B
o
g
otá
C
a
li
M
edellín
Q
ui
to
Guayaquil
Lim
a
T
ru
jillo
Callao
A
re
q
u
ipa
Sucre
La Paz
B
u
en
o
sA
i
r
e
s
A
su
n
ció
n
Córdoba
Rosario
M
o
n
te
v
i
d
e
o
Santiago
V
a
lparaíso
Recife
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
Pô
rto A
legre
B
e
lo H
o
rizon
te
B
ra
s
ília
Salvador
Curitiba
Be
l
é
m
Cayenne
Georgetown
Paramaribo
C
ampinas
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal EqualArea
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
ATLAS R9
South America: Political
ATLAS
60°N
70°N
4
0
°N
50°N
70°N
A
rc
tic
C
ir
c
le
20°E
30
°E
3
0
°W
3
0
°W
4
0
°W
20°W
10°W
10°E
0
°
2
0°W
10°W
0°
30°E
2
0
°E
40
°E
5
0
°E
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
G
u
l
f
o
f
F
i
n
l
a
n
d
North
Sea
Black Se
a
B
a
l
t
i
c
S
e
a
A
e
g
e
a
n
S
e
a
G
u
l
f
o
f
B
o
t
h
n
i
a
White
S
ea
B
a
r
e
n
t
s
S
e
a
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Adriatic
Sea
C
a
s
p
i
a
n
S
e
a
Strait o
f
Gibral
tar
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Bayof
Biscay
Rho
n
e
R
iv
er
R
h
i
n
e
D
a
n
u
b
e
R
i
v
e
r
P
o
R
i
v
e
r
D
a
n
u
b
e
D
n
i
p
r
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R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
V
o
l
g
a
U
r
a
l
R
i
v
e
r
D
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
E
l
b
e
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
L
o
i
r
e
T
h
a
m
e
s
R
.
T
a
g
u
s
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
S
e
i
n
e
R
i
v
e
r
L
ake
Geneva
L
o
n
d
o
n
B
e
r
lin
M
oscow
S
t. Pete
rs
b
u
rg
M
a
drid
Barcelona
Milan
Rom
e
Ki
e
v
Paris
A
ndo
rra
l
a
V
e
l
la
At
hens
M
ona
co
Mu
nich
V
ienna
Budapest
B
u
c
h
are
s
t
Naples
H
a
m
b
u
r
g
Warsaw
Minsk
Pr
ag
u
e
Sofia
B
elg
r
a
d
e
Nizhny Novgorod
Liverpool
B
elfa
s
t
Br
ussel
s
A
msterdam
Co
logne
The
H
ague
Lyon
M
a
rseille
Lisb
on
Valencia
S
e
vil
le
C
o
p
en
h
a
ge
n
K
r
a
k
o
w
Stockholm
H
e
l
s
in
k
i
Rig
a
Dublin
Reykjavík
E
d
in
b
u
rg
h
Vaduz
D
resden
Br
a
tisla
v
a
San
Marino
S
k
o
p
j
e
G
ö
te
b
o
rg
Oslo
V
iln
iu
s
Tallinn
Bern
L
u
x
e
m
b
o
u
r
g
Bon
n
L
ju
b
lja
na
Sar
a
je
v
o
Tiranë
V
al
letta
B
e
rg
en
Z
a
g
re
b
C
h
is
ina
u
˘
Gibralt
a
r
(U
.K.)
A
S
IA
SOUTHWEST
ASIA
AFRICA
ICELAND
IRELAND
SPAIN
FRANCE
ANDORRA
V
A
T
ICAN
CITY
ITALY
GERMANY
BE
L
GI
UM
L
U
X
E
M
B
O
U
R
G
POLAND
C
ZECH
R
EP
UBLIC
SLOVAKIA
HUNGARY
CROAT
IA
BOSNIA
A
ND
HERZE
G
OVINA
AUSTRIA
SLO
VE
NIA
S
ERBIA
A
ND
MONTENEGRO
ALBA
NIA
GREECE
R
O
M
ANIA
BULGARIA
MOLDOV
A
UKRAINE
RUSSIA
BEL
ARUS
RUSSIA
NORWAY
S
WEDEN
FINLAND
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
MONACO
LIECHTENSTEIN
THE
NETHERLANDS
SAN
MARINO
MALTA
PORTUG
A
L
SWIT
ZE
RLAND
MACED
ONIA
D
ENMARK
U
N
I
T
E
D
K
I
N
G
D
O
M
S
C
O
T
L
A
N
D
W
A
L
E
S
ENGL
AND
NORTHERN
IRELAND
Faero
e
Island
s
(D
EN
M
A
R
K
)
Shetland
Islan
ds
Channel Islands
(U.K.)
C
o
r
s
ica
(FRANCE)
Sar
dinia
(
ITA
LY
)
Balearic Islands
(
S
P
AIN)
Sicily
Crete
R
h
o
d
es
British
Isle
s
U
R
A
L
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
P
Y
R
E
N
E
E
S
A
L
P
S
North Cape
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal Equal Area
0 150 300 Miles
0 150 300 Kilometers
ATLAS
R10 ATLAS
Europe: Political
5
0°
N
6
0
°N
7
0
°N
8
0
°N
40°N
10°S
0° E
q
uator
E
qu
a
t
or 0°
10
°N
30°N
4
0°
N
60°N
70°N
80°
N
50°
N
2
0
°N
10°
S
10°W
10°E
20°E
30°E
40
°E
5
0
°E
6
0
°E
70°E
8
0
°E
100°E
110 °E
1
2
0
°E
1
30°E
140°E
150°E
160°E
17
0
°E
18
0
°
90°E
0°
10
°E
20°E
50°
E
60°E
70
°E
8
0
°E
9
0
°E
100°E
130°E
140
°E
150
°
E
18
0
°
170°E
170°W
12
0°E
1
10
°E
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
T
rop
ic of
Cancer
PACIFIC
OCEAN
I
N
D
I
A
N
O
C
E
A
N
B
arents
Sea
Kar
a
Se
a
Laptev
Sea
Beri
n
g
Se
a
Se
a of
Okhotsk
Y
ellow
Sea
Yellow
Sea
East
C
hina
S
ea
Celebes
Sea
Java S
ea
A
r
afura Se
a
Gu
lf of
T
h
a
i
land
Andama
n
Sea
Arab
i
an
Sea
Red Sea
A
r
al
S
ea
South
China
Sea
P
e
r
s
i
a
n
G
u
l
f
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
C
a
s
p
i
a
n
S
e
a
B
l
a
c
k
S
e
a
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Bayof
Bengal
Luz
on S
trait
M
e
k
o
n
g
R
i
v
e
r
C
h
a
n
g
J
i
a
n
g
(
Y
a
n
g
z
i
R
i
v
e
r
)
I
r
t
y
s
h
L
e
n
a
R
i
v
e
r
Y
e
n
i
s
e
y
R
i
v
e
r
L
a
k
e
B
a
y
k
a
l
Lake
Balkhash
H
u
a
n
g
H
e
(
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
i
v
e
r
)
A
n
g
a
r
a
R
i
v
e
r
I
r
r
a
w
a
d
d
y
R
i
v
e
r
O
b
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
T
i
g
r
i
s
E
u
p
h
r
a
t
e
s
R
i
v
e
r
I
n
d
u
s
G
a
n
g
e
s
R
i
v
e
r
N
u
R
i
v
e
r
B
r
a
h
m
a
p
u
t
r
a
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
u
r
U
r
a
l
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
U
R
A
L
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
Sakhalin
Island
K
u
r
i
l
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
A
l
e
u
t
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
S
o
c
o
t
r
a
(Y
E
M
E
N
)
Laksh
adw
eep
Is
l
and
s
(
IN
D
IA
)
Andaman
Islands
(INDIA)
H
ai
n
an
(C
H
IN
A)
Nicobar Islands
(INDIA)
Ryukyu Isl
ands
(JA
PAN
)
(
R
U
S
S
I
A
)
N
e
wG
uin
e
a
G
r
e
a
t
W
a
l
l
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
Moscow
Izmir
Ista
nbul
Ankara
Nicosia
Aleppo
Beirut
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
Basra
Baku
Baghdad
Mosul
Amm
an
Damas
c
u
s
Kuwait City
Jidda
Riyadh
Doh
a
Abu Dhabi
Masqat
(Muscat)
Mecca
Sanaa
Manama
Tabriz
Yerevan
T’bilisi
Isfahan
S
hi
r
az
M
ashhad
Tehran
Kara chi
Lahore
Faisalabad
Delhi
Ahmadabad
Kabul
A
lmaty
Astana
Tashkent
Ashgabat
Islamabad
New
Delhi
Dushanb
e
B
ishkek
Yekaterinburg
C
helyabinsk
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Yakutsk
Irkutsk
Vladivostok
Mumbai
(
Bombay)
Chen
n
ai
(Madras)
Ba
ngalore
Colombo
Male
Kolkata
(Calcutta)
Chittagong
Dhaka
Thimphu
K
athmandu
Yangon
(Rangoon)
Bang
k
ok
Ho Chi Minh City
Singapore
Phnom
P
e
n
h
Hanoi
Kuala Lumpur
Medan
B
andar Ser
i
Begawan
Vient
i
ane
Mandalay
J
a
karta
Ujung Pandang
Bandung
Surabaya
Semarang
Manila
Taipei
Hong Ko
ng
M
acao
Beijing
Sh
a
nghai
Wuh
a
n
Guangzhou
Qingdao
X
i'a
n
Chengdu
Nanjing
Cho
ngqing
Changchun
Harbin
Dalian
Fushun
Hiroshima
Sapporo
Kyoto
Nagoya
Nagasaki
Yokoh
ama
O
sak
a
Tokyo
J
a
ipu
r
Hyderabad
Nagpur
Bho
pal
U
laanbaatar
Pusa
n
S
eo
ul
P'yo
ngyang
˘
I
N
D
O
N
E
S
I
A
RUSSIA
MONGOLIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
T
URKMENISTAN
TURKEY
CYPRUS
LEB
A
NON
ISR
A
E
L
JORDAN
SYRIA
IRAQ
ARMENIA
GEORGIA
RUSSI
A
IRA
N
SAUDI
ARABIA
KUWA
IT
AZERB
AIJAN
B
AHRAIN
QATAR
UNIT
E
D
ARAB
EMIRATE
S
OMAN
YEMEN
AFGHANIST
AN
PAKIS
T
AN
TAJIK
IS
T
AN
KYRG
Y
Z
S
T
A
N
INDIA
SRI
LANKA
MALDIVE
S
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
M
YANMAR
(BURMA)
LAOS
THAILAND
VIETNAM
CAMBODIA
MALAYSI
A
SINGAPORE
BRUNEI
PHILIPPIN
ES
EAST TIMO
R
JAPAN
N
ORTH KOREA
SOUTH
KOREA
TAIWAN
NEPAL
AFRICA
A
U
STRALIA
E
U
R
O
P
E
North Pole
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Two-Point Equidistant
0 250 500 750 Miles
0 250 500 750 Kilometers
ATLAS R11
ATLAS
Asia: Political
Suez Canal
Lake
N
asser
Lake
Chad
Lake
Victoria
Lake
Tanganyika
Lake Malawi
(Nyasa)
C
o
n
g
o
R
i
v
e
r
N
i
g
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
O
r
a
n
g
e
R
i
v
e
r
B
l
u
e
N
i
l
e
N
i
l
e
R
i
v
e
r
W
h
i
t
e
N
i
l
e
Z
a
m
b
e
z
i
R
i
v
e
r
Strait of
Gibraltar
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Gulf of
Guinea
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
Red Sea
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
INDIAN
OCEAN
Pemba
Zanzibar
CABINDA
(ANGOLA)
W
ES
TER
N
SAHARA
(C
laim
ed b
y
M
or
o
cco)
M
a
d
e
ir
a
(P
O
R
T
U
G
A
L
)
Azores
(PORTUGAL)
R
é
u
n
i
o
n
(F
R
A
N
C
E
)
Canary Isl
ands
(SPAIN)
St. Helen
a
(
U
.K.)
EUROPE
SO
U
TH
W
ES
T
A
SIA
MOROCCO
TUNISIA
ALGE
RIA
M
A
U
R
ITA
N
IA
GAMBI
A
C
A
P
E
V
E
R
D
E
LIBERIA
C
Ô
T
E
D
’
IV
O
IR
E
GUINEA
SENEGAL
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
G
U
IN
E
A
-
B
IS
S
A
U
S
I
ERRA LEONE
BENIN
NIGERIA
TOGO
M
A
LI
LIBYA
SUDAN
CHAD
NIGER
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
UGANDA
GABON
REPUBLIC
OF THE
CONGO
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
C
O
MOR
O
S
BOTSWANA
S
O
U
T
H
A
FRIC
A
LESOTHO
S
W
A
Z
ILA
ND
MADAGASCAR
SEYCHELLES
ZIMBABWE
CAMEROON
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
EGYPT
ETHIOPIA
TANZANIA
BURUNDI
RWANDA
KENYA
ERITREA
DJIBOUTI
S
O
M
A
L
I
A
M
O
Z
A
M
B
I
Q
U
E
MAURITIUS
R
a
b
a
t
C
a
sa
b
l
a
nc
a
Al
g
i
ers
Tunis
Tripoli
Alexandria
Cairo
G
iza
Addis Ababa
Djib
o
u
ti
Mogadishu
V
ic
to
r
ia
Nairobi
Mombasa
DaresSalaam
Kampala
Kigali
Bujumbura
Kinshasa
Lubumbashi
Kisangani
Brazzaville
Bangui
Libreville
Yaoundé
Malabo
São Tomé
N’Djamena
Abuja
Lagos
Porto-
Novo
B
a
m
a
k
o
Niamey
Ouagadougou
Nouakchott
E
lA
a
iú
n
D
a
k
a
r
B
a
n
ju
l
Praia
C
o
n
a
kry
B
is
s
a
u
Freetow
n
Abidjan
M
onrovia
Yam
oussoukro
Accra
Lomé
Lusaka
Lilongwe
Harare
Bulawayo
P
o
rt Louis
Antananarivo
M
a
p
u
t
o
Pretoria
Mbabane
Johannesburg
C
a
p
eT
o
w
n
Maseru
Gaborone
Windhoek
Luanda
Dodoma
M
oron
i
Khartoum
Asm
ara
Bloemfontein
40°N
10
°W
2
0
°W
30°
W
30°N
2
0°N
10°N
1
0
°S
20°
S
30°
S
40°S
30°W
20°
W
1
0
°W
0°
10°E
2
0°E
30°E
40°E
50°E
60°E
40°S
30
°S
10°S
Equator 0°
1
0°N
T
ro
p
ic o
f
C
a
p
ri
c
orn
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
0° Equator
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal Equal Area
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
R12 ATLAS
ATLAS
Africa: Political
135 E
150 E
165 E
65°W
50 W
35°W
180°
20°W
120°E
135 E
150°E
165°E
180°
165°W
150°W
135 W
120 W
15°N
30°N
Equator 0°
15°S
Tropic of Capricorn
15°N
Tropic of Cancer
30°N
30°S
45°S
0°
15°S
30°S
45°S
D
a
r
l
i
n
g
R
.
F
l
i
n
d
e
r
s
R
.
M
u
r
r
a
y
R
.
L
a
c
h
l
a
n
R
.
INDIAN OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
South
China
Sea
Philippine
Sea
Arafura
Sea
Timor
Sea
Tasma n
Sea
Coral
Sea
Truk Is.
Eniwetok I.
Kwajalein Island
GuadalcanalI.
Rarotonga
Island
Manihiki
Island
Phoenix
Islands
Tahiti
(FRANCE)
Marquesas
Islands
(FRANCE)
Society
Islands
(FRANCE)
Rapa Island
(FRANCE)
Tubuai Islands
(FRANCE)
Tuamotu
Archipelago
(FRANCE)
Pitcairn
Island
Ducie
Island
Easter Island
(CHILE)
Starbuck
Island
Fanning
Island
Washington
Island
McKeanI.
Malekula I.
Espiritu Santo I.
Bismarck
Archipelago
Loyalty
Islands
(FRANCE)
Gardner
I.
Gilbert
Islands
New
Guinea
Northern
Marianas
(U.S.)
Bonin Islands
(JAPAN)
Volcano Islands
(JAPAN)
Guam
(U.S.)
Kermadec
Islands
(N.Z.)
Norfolk
Island
(AUSTRALIA)
Niue
(N.Z.)
Wallis &
Futuna (FR.)
Tokelau (N.Z.)
Jarvis I.
(U.S.)
Baker I. (U.S.)
Palmyra Island (U.S.)
Pitcairn (U.K.)
Howland I.
(U.S.)
Christmas
Island
(AUSTRALIA)
Cook
Islands
(NEW ZEALAND)
American
Samoa
Hawaii
(U.S.)
Johnston
Island
(U.S.)
Kingman Reef
(U.S.)
Midway
Island
(U.S.)
Wake Island
(U.S.)
New
Caledonia
(FRANCE)
North
Island
South
Island
Chatham
Islands
(N.Z.)
Auckland Islands
(NEW ZEALAND)
Bounty
Islands
(N.Z.)
H
a
w
a
i
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
F
r
e
n
c
h
P
o
l
y
n
e
s
i
a
Palikir
Agana
Majuro
Tarawa
Papeete
Pago
Pago
Port-
Vila
Canberra
Wellington
Christchurch
Auckland
Sydney
Darwin
Brisbane
Melbourne
Adelaide
Perth
Hobart
Honiara
Port
Moresby
Suva
Nuku’alofa
Yaren
Koror
Apia
Noumea
Funafuti
M
E
L
A
N
E
S
I
A
MICRONESIA
POLYNESIA
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
AUSTRALIA
NEW
ZEALAND
NAURU
SOLOMON
PALAU
ISLANDS
VANUATU
FIJI
TUVALU
TONGA
SAMOA
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
ASIA
NORTH
AMERICA
International Date Line
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Mercator
0 500 1,000 Miles
0 500 1,000 Kilometers
ATLAS R13
Australia and New Zealand: Political
ATLAS
120°W 119°W
118°W
121°W
122°W
3
2
°
N
3
3
°N
3
4
°N
3
5°
N
36°N
3
8
°N
3
9°N
40
°N
4
1
°N
42°N
3
7°N
123°W
124°W
PACIFIC OCEAN
Monterey Bay
San Diego Bay
San Francisco
Bay
S
a
n
t
a
B
a
r
b
a
r
a
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Humboldt
Bay
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
E
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
T
r
i
n
i
t
y
F
e
a
t
h
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
K
l
a
m
a
t
h
R
i
v
e
r
R
u
s
s
i
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
l
i
n
a
s
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
t
a
C
l
a
r
a
R
.
S
a
n
t
a
Y
n
e
z
R
i
v
e
r
P
i
t
R
i
v
e
r
Y
u
b
a
R
i
v
e
r
K
e
r
n
C
u
y
a
m
a
R
.
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
K
i
n
g
s
M
e
r
c
e
d
S
a
n
S
t
a
n
i
s
l
a
u
s
R
i
v
e
r
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
Salton
Sea
Lake
Tahoe
Pyramid
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Eagle
Lake
Clear
Lake
Lake
Berryessa
Mono Lake
San Luis
Reservoir
Lake
Nacimiento
Lake
Havasu
Lake
Mohave
Lake
Mead
Isabella
Lake
Pine Flat
Reservoir
Lake
McClure
Folsom
Lake
Lake
Oroville
Lake
Almanor
Clair
Engle
Lake
Goose
Lake
Farallon
Islands
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
Pt. Conception
Pt. Reyes
Pt. Arena
Cape
Mendocino
Mount Shasta
14,162 ft.
(4,317 m)
Lassen Peak
10,457 ft.
(3,187 m)
Highest Point:
Mount Whitney
14,494 ft.
(4,418 m)
Mount
Williamson
14,370 ft.
(4,380 m)
North Palisade Peak
14,242 ft.
(4,341 m)
White Mountain Peak
14,246 ft.
(4,342 m)
Mount Pinos
8,831 ft.
(2,692 m)
Lowest Point:
-282 ft.
(-86 m)
D
e
a
t
h
V
a
l
l
e
y
Mojave Desert
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
D
e
s
e
r
t
Imperial
Valley
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
C
o
a
s
t
C
a
s
c
a
d
e
R
a
n
g
e
C
o
a
s
t
R
a
n
g
e
s
R
a
n
g
e
s
Napa
Valley
Santa
Clara
Valley
V
a
l
l
e
y
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
V
a
l
l
e
y
C
o
a
c
h
e
l
l
a
V
a
l
l
e
y
T
e
m
b
l
o
r
R
a
n
g
e
Klamath
Mountains
W
a
r
n
e
r
M
t
s
.
S
a
l
i
n
a
s
V
a
l
l
e
y
T
e
h
a
c
h
a
p
i
P
a
n
a
m
i
n
t
R
a
n
g
e
M
o
u
n
t
a
i
n
s
S
a
n
t
a
C
r
u
z
R
a
n
g
e
S
a
n
t
a
L
u
c
i
a
R
a
n
g
e
S
a
n
G
a
b
r
i
e
l
L
a
g
u
n
a
M
t
s
.
S
a
n
J
a
c
i
n
t
o
M
t
s
.
S
a
n
B
e
r
n
a
r
d
i
n
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.
M
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D
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a
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R
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T
r
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t
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.
S
I
E
R
R
A
N
E
V
A
D
A
NEVADA
ARIZONA
OREGON IDAHO
MEXICO
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
4,000
2,000
500
200
0 (Sea level)
Below
sea level
13,120
6,560
1,640
656
(Sea level) 0
Below
sea level
Feet Meters
ELEVATION
R14 ATLAS
California: Physical
ATLAS
120°W 119°W
118°W
121°W
122°W
32°
N
3
3
°N
3
4
°
N
3
5
°
N
36°N
3
8°N
3
9
°N
40°
N
41°N
42°N
3
7
°N
123°W
124°W
PACIFIC OCEAN
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
Salton
Sea
Lake
Tahoe
Shasta
Lake
Mono
Lake
Goose
Lake
Redwood
National
Park
Lassen
Volcanic
Natl. Park
Yosemite
National
Park
Kings
Canyon
Natl.
Park
Sequoia
Natl. Park
Death
Valley
National
Park
Joshua Tree
Natl. Park
Channel Islands
Natl. Park
NEVADA
ARIZONA
OREGON IDAHO
MEXICO
Sonora
Crescent
City
Yreka
Needles
Blythe
Weaverville
Alturas
Quincy
Fort
Bragg
Willows
Colusa
Grass
Valley
Lakeport
Independence
Mariposa
Sonoma
Truckee
Downieville
Nevada
City
Auburn
Placerville
Jackson
San Andreas
Markleeville
Bridgeport
Atascadero
Ridgecrest
Barstow
Ventura
Santa Barbara
Porterville
Lompoc
Santa Maria
El Centro
Palm
Springs
Redwood City
Monterey
Hanford
Visalia
Tulare
San Luis
Obispo
Santa Cruz
Salinas
Hollister
Merced
Madera
Chico
Eureka
Redding
Red Bluff
Susanville
Ukiah
Petaluma
San Rafael
Fairfield
Woodland
Napa
Marysville
Oroville
South Lake Tahoe
Yuba City
Palmdale
Oxnard
Long Beach
Huntington Beach
Escondido
San Bernardino
Riverside
Anaheim
Santa Ana
Pasadena
Glendale
Bakersfield
Fresno
Oceanside
Stockton
Sacramento
Modesto
San Jose
Sunnyvale
Hayward
Oakland
Berkeley
Concord
Santa Rosa
Santa
Clarita
LOS ANGELES
SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 50 100 Miles
0 50 100 Kilometers
State boundary
International boundary
State capital
Other cities
ATLAS R15
California: Political
ATLAS
ATLAS
Executive Branch
Carries out the laws and policies of
state government
The Governor
■
Elected by voters to a four-year
term
■
Can serve two terms
■
Appoints officials and some
judges
■
Can veto whole laws or items of
laws passed by legislature
Lieutenant Governor
■
Elected along with governor, but
not as a running mate
■
Various jobs include replacing
governor should he or she leave
office
The Cabinet
■
Consists of officials appointed by
governor
■
Offers advice to governor on
specific areas of knowledge
Legislative Branch
Makes state laws
Bicameral System
■
Has two houses—State Senate
and Assembly
■
Both houses take part in law-
making
■
Legislature can override the
governor’s veto with a two-thirds
vote in both houses
The State Senate
■
40 senators
■
Serve four-year terms
■
Limited to two terms
The Assembly
■
80 Assembly members
■
Serve two-year terms
■
Limited to three terms
Judicial Branch
Decides conflicts and questions
about the law
Trial Courts
58 Superior Courts, one in each
county
Appellate Courts
■
Hear most appeals from lower
courts
■
Six district courts of appeals
■
Have at least three justices:
Appointed by governor then
confirmed by Commission
on Judicial Appointments
Approved by voters in next
election
Four-year terms
Supreme Court of California
■
Hears appeals of criminal cases
involving death penalty and
cases where state laws or state
constitution are found invalid
■
Has seven justices:
Appointed by governor then
confirmed by Commission
on Judicial Appointments
Approved by voters in next
election
12-year terms
California Go vernment
California Go vernors
R16 ATLAS
Peter Burnett (1849–1851)
John McDougall (1851–1852)
John Bigler (1852–1856)
J. Neeley Johnson (1856–1858)
John Weller (1858–1860)
Milton Latham (1860)
John Downey (1860–1862)
Leland Stanford (1862–1863)
Frederick Low (1863–1867)
Henry Haight (1867–1871)
Newton Booth (1871–1875)
Romualdo Pacheco (1875)
William Irwin (1875–1880)
George Perkins (1880–1883)
George Stoneman (1883–1887)
Washington Bartlett (1887)
Robert Waterman (1887–1891)
Henry Markham (1891–1895)
James Budd (1895–1899)
Henry Gage (1899–1903)
George Pardee (1903–1907)
James Gillett (1907–1911)
Hiram Johnson (1911–1917)
William Stephens (1917–1923)
Friend Richardson (1923–1927)
C. C. Young (1927–1931)
James Rolph (1931–1934)
Frank Merriam (1934–1939)
Culburt Olson (1939–1943)
Earl Warren (1943–1953)
Goodwin Knight (1953–1959)
Edmund G. “Pat” Brown (1959–1967)
Ronald Reagan (1967–1975)
Edmund G. “Jerry” Brown (1975–1983)
George Deukmejian (1983–1991)
Pete Wilson (1991–1999)
Gray Davis (1999–2003)
Arnold Schwarzenegger (2003– )
ATLAS
State tree California Redwood
State bird California valley quail
State marine animal Gray whale
State animal Grizzly bear
State reptile Desert tortoise
State flower Golden Poppy
Capital Sacramento
Year of Statehood 1850 (31st state)
Nickname The Golden State
Motto Eureka (I have found it.)
Song “I Love You, California”
Highest Elevation Mt. Whitney, 14,495 feet above sea level
Lowest Elevation Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level
Total Area 163,707 sq. miles
National Rank in Land Area 3
Total Coastline 840 miles
Largest City Los Angeles
Largest Lake Lake Tahoe
Number of Counties 58
Longest River Sacramento River
Population 35,484,453 (as of 2003)
National Rank in Population 1
Length (North to South) 770 miles
Width (East to West) 250 miles
California Facts
ATLAS R17
Golden
poppies
State flag
Death Valley, California
GAZETTEER
Gazetteer
R18 GAZETTEER
A
Africa Second-largest continent. Lies in both the
Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. p. 13
Alabama (AL) State in the southern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1819. Capital:
Montgomery. (33°N 87°W) p. 248
Alaska (AK) U.S. state in northwestern North
America. Purchased from Russia in 1867.
Became a territory in 1912. Admitted as a state
in 1959. Capital: Juneau. (64°N 150°W) p. 6
Albany Capital of New York. (42°N 74°W). p. 94
Appalachian Mountains Mountain system in eastern
North America that extends from Canada to
central Alabama. p. 61
Arctic Region around the North Pole including
Arctic Ocean, parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia
and Scandinavian countries. (90°N 0°E) p. 8
Arizona (AZ) State in the southwestern United
States. Organized into a territory in 1863.
Admitted as a state in 1912. Capital: Phoenix.
(34°N 113°W) p. 8
Arkansas (AR) State in the south-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1836. Capital:
Little Rock. (35°N 93°W) p. 26
Asia Largest continent. Occupies the same land
mass as Europe. p. 6
Atlanta Capital of Georgia. (33°N 84°W) p. 501
Atlantic Ocean Vast body of water separating North
and South America from Europe and Africa. p. 9
B
Baltimore Maryland city northeast of Washington,
D.C., on the Chesapeake Bay. (39°N 76°W)
p. 248
Bering Land Bridge Land bridge that once connected
what is now Alaska with Siberia. p. 6
Boston Capital of Massachusetts. (42°N 71°W)
p. 44
Brazil Republic in eastern South America. Capital:
Brasília. (10°S 55°W) p. 661
Buena Vista City in northeastern Mexico. (33°N
117°W) p. 321
Bull Run Creek in northeastern Virginia where the
Confederates won two major battles during the
Civil War. p. 479
Bunker Hill Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. Site of an
early Revolutionary War battle. p. 81
C
California (CA) State in the western United States.
Admitted as a state in 1850. Capital: Sacramento.
(38°N 121°W) p. 10
Canada Country in northern North America.
Capital: Ottawa. p. 6
Cape of Good Hope Southern tip of Africa. p. 15
Caribbean Sea Arm of the Atlantic Ocean between
North and South America. p. 9
Central America Region of land connecting North
and South America. p. 7
Charleston Port city in southeastern South
Carolina. Originally called Charles Town. (33°N
80°W) p. 40
Chesapeake Bay Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in
Virginia and Maryland. p. 39
Chicago Large U.S. city in northeastern Illinois on
Lake Michigan. Major port. (41°N 87°W) p. 358
China Country in East Asia with the world’s largest
population. Capital: Beijing. (Offi cial name:
People’s Republic of China) p. 13
Columbia River River in northwestern United
States and southwestern Canada. Forms part of
boundary between Oregon and Washington.
p. 238
Colorado (CO) State in the southwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1876. Capital:
Denver. (39°N 107°W) p. 8
Concord One of two northeastern Massachusetts
towns (along with Lexington) where the fi rst
fi ghting of the American Revolution took place
in 1775. (42°N 71°W) p. 79
Connecticut (CT) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Hartford.
(41°N 73°W) p. 46
Cuba Island-country in the Caribbean about 90
miles south of Florida. Capital: Havana. (22°N
79°W) p. 646
D
Delaware (DE) State in the eastern United States.
One of the original thirteen colonies. Admitted
as a state in 1787. Capital: Dover. (38°N 75°W)
p. 50
District of Columbia Federal district between
Maryland and Virginia where the capital of the
United States is located. (39°N 77°W) p. 202
GAZETTEER R19
GAZETTEER
E
Ecuador Republic in northwest South America.
Capital: Quito. (2°S 78°W) p. 8
England Region of the United Kingdom that makes
up most of the southern part of the island of
Great Britain. Capital: London. (51°N 1°W) p. 25
Erie Canal An early 1800s building project that
created a waterway between New York cities of
Albany, the capital, and Buffalo, on Lake Erie.
p. 264
Europe Continent occupying the same land mass
as Asia. p. 12
F
Florida (FL) State in the southeastern United States.
Organized as a territory in 1822. Admitted as a
state in 1845. Capital: Tallahassee. (30°N 84°W)
p. 21
Fort McHenry U.S. fort that guarded Baltimore,
Maryland. The British attacked the fort in the
War of 1812. p. 248
Fort Necessity Site where the French defeated
British colonists in 1754, in what was the fi rst
battle of the French and Indian War. p. 60
Fort Sumter Fort on Charleston Harbor, South
Carolina. Attack by Confederate forces here
began the Civil War. p. 473
France Country in Western Europe. Capital: Paris.
(46°N 0°W) p. 18
G
Georgia (GA) State in the southeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1788. One of the
original thirteen colonies. Capital: Atlanta.
(32°N 84°W) p. 40
Germany Country in Western Europe. Capital:
Berlin. (51°N 8°E) p. 24
Gettysburg Town in southern Pennsylvania. (40°N
77°W) p. 498
Great Basin Elevated region made up of parts of
California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and
Wyoming that was home to many American
Indian nations. p. 10
Great Britain Kingdom in western Europe that
includes England, Scotland, and Wales. p. 56
Great Lakes Chain of lakes located in central
North America and that extends across the
U.S.-Canada border. Includes Lake Superior,
Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake
Ontario. p. 17
Great Plains Region of central North America that
lies between the Mississippi River and the Rocky
Mountains p. 10
Gulf of Mexico Gulf on the southeastern coast of
North America, bordered by the United States,
Mexico, and Cuba. p. 7
H
Haiti Republic in the West Indies. Capital: Port-au-
Prince. (19°N 72°W) p. 235
Hartford Capital of Connecticut. (41°N 72°W)
p. 249
Hawaii (HI) U.S. state in the central Pacifi c Ocean
that is made up of the Hawaiian Islands.
Organized as a territory in 1900. Admitted as a
state in 1959. Capital: Honolulu. (20°N 157°W)
p. 642
Hispaniola Island that includes the countries of
Haiti and the Dominican Republic. p. 17
Hudson Bay Inland sea in east-central Canada.
Explored by Henry Hudson in 1610. p. 9
Hudson River River fl owing from northeastern to
southern New York. p. 27
I
Idaho (ID) State in the northwestern United States.
Admitted as a state in 1890. Capital: Boise.
(44°N 115°W) p. 326
Illinois (IL) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1818. Capital: Springfi eld.
(40°N 90°W) p. 97
India Large republic in southern Asia. Capital: New
Delhi. (28°N 77°E) p. 15
Indiana (IN) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1816. Capital:
Indianapolis. (40°N 86°W) p. 117
Indian Ocean Vast body of water east of Africa,
south of Asia, west of Australia, and north of
Antarctica. p. 14
Iowa (IA) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1846. Capital: Des
Moines. (42°N 94°W) p. 239
Ireland Island in the British Isles. Divided into
Northern Ireland (Capital: Belfast), and the
Republic of Ireland (Capital: Dublin). (54°N
8°W) p. 400
Italy Country in southern Europe. Capital: Rome.
(44°N 11°E) p. 12
Ecuador Italy
GAZETTEER
R20 GAZETTEER
J
Jamestown First successful English colony in North
America. Established in eastern Virginia in 1607.
p. 36
Japan Country in the Western Pacifi c Ocean.
Made up of a chain of islands. Capital: Tokyo.
(37°N 134°E) p. 15
K
Kansas (KS) State in the central United States.
Organized as a territory in 1854. Admitted as a
state in 1861. Capital: Topeka. (38°N 99°W)
p. 21
Kentucky (KY) State in the east-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1792. Capital:
Frankfort. (37°N 87°W) p. 234
L
Lake Erie One of the Great Lakes. Located in the
United States and Canada. p. 247
Latin America Spanish-speaking countries of North
and South America that were once claimed by
Spain or Portugal. p. 262
Lexington One of two northeastern Massachusetts
towns (along with Concord) where the fi rst
fi ghting of the American Revolution took place
in 1775. (42°N 71°W) p. 79
Liberia Country on the west coast of Africa. (6°N
10°W) p. 417
London Capital of the United Kingdom, in
England. (52°N 0°W) p. 42
Los Angeles Large city in southern California.
(34°N 118°W) p. 320
Louisiana (LA) State in the southeastern United States
carved out of the Louisiana Territory. Admitted as
a state in 1812. Capital: Baton Rouge. (31°N 92°W)
p. 484
M
Maine (ME) State in the northeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1820. Capital:
Augusta. (45°N 70°W) p. 267
Manhattan Island Island at the north end of New
York Bay. One of the fi ve boroughs that make
up New York City. p. 27
Maryland (MD) State in the east-central United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Annapolis.
(39°N 76°W) p. 39
Massachusetts (MA) State in the northeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Boston. (42°N 72°W) p. 43
Mediterranean Sea Large sea bordered by southern
Europe, Southwest Asia, and northern Africa.
p. 14
Mesoamerica Area from Mexico to North Central
America during pre-Spanish culture. p. 7
Mexico Country in southern North America.
Capital: Mexico City. p. 6
Michigan (MI) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1837. Capital:
Lansing. (46°N 87°W) p. 117
Minnesota (MN) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1858. Capital:
St. Paul. (46°N 90°W) p. 239
Mississippi (MS) State in the southeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1817. Capital:
Jackson. (32°N 89°W) p. 261
Mississippi River River that fl ows from Minnesota
south to the Gulf of Mexico. p. 8
Missouri (MO) State in the central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1821. Capital: Jefferson
City. (38°N 93°W) p. 239
Missouri River River that fl ows from southern
Montana and joins the Mississippi River. p. 8
Montana (MT) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Helena. (47°N 112°W) p. 239
Montreal City in southeastern Canada founded by
the French in 1642. (46°N 74°W) p. 17
N
Nebraska (NE) State in the central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1867. Capital: Lincoln.
(41°N 101°W) p. 239
Netherlands Country in northwestern Europe.
Capital: Amsterdam. (52°N 5°E) p. 25
Nevada (NV) State in the western United States.
Organized as a territory in 1861. Admitted as
a state in 1864. Capital: Carson City. (39°N
117°W) p. 318
New Amsterdam Dutch settlement on the island of
Manhattan. Founded in 1626. p. 24
New England Northeastern section of the United
States. Made up of Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont. p. 44
Jamestown New England
GAZETTEER
New Hampshire (NH) State in the northeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Concord. (44°N 71°W) p. 47
New Jersey (NJ) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1787. Capital: Trenton.
(40°N 75°W) p. 49
New Mexico (NM) State in the southwestern
United States. Admitted as a state in 1912.
Capital: Santa Fe. (34°N 107°W) p. 8
New Orleans Port city in southeastern Louisiana.
(30°N 90°W) p. 26
New Spain Vast area of North America controlled
by Spain. p. 22
New Sweden Swedish colony in North America
that was located along the Delaware River. p. 27
New York (NY) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Albany.
(42°N 78°W) p. 18
New York City Largest city in the United States.
(41°N 74°W) p. 51
Nicaragua Republic in Central America. Capital:
Managua. (13°N 85°W) p. 657
North America Continent in the northern Western
Hemisphere. p. 6
North Carolina (NC) State in the southeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1789. Capital:
Raleigh. (35°N 81°W) p. 21
North Dakota (ND) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Bismarck. (47°N 102°W) p. 239
O
Ohio (OH) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1803. Capital: Columbus.
(40°N 83°W) p. 117
Ohio River River that fl ows from southwestern
Pennsylvania west to join the Mississippi
River, forming the Ohio–West Virginia,
Ohio–Kentucky, Indiana–Kentucky, and
Illinois–Kentucky boundaries. p. 8
Oklahoma (OK) State in the south-central United
States. Organized as a territory in 1890.
Admitted as a state in 1907. Capital: Oklahoma
City. (36°N 98°W) p. 239
Oregon (OR) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1859. Capital:
Salem. (43°N 122°W) p. 317
P
Paci c Ocean Body of water extending from the
Arctic Circle to Antarctica and from western
North and South America to Australia, the
Malay Archipelago, and East Asia. p. 9
Panama Country in southern Central America.
Location of the Panama Canal. Capital: Panama
City. (8°N 81°W) p. 17
Pennsylvania (PA) State in the eastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1787. Capital: Harrisburg.
(41°N 78°W) p. 50
Peru Country in western South America. Capital:
Lima (10°S 75°W) p. 22
Philadelphia City in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800.
(40°N 75°W) p. 50
Philippines Country in the western Pacifi c Ocean.
Made up of about 7,100 islands. Capital: Manila.
(14°N 125°E) p. 648
Plymouth Site in Massachusetts where the Pilgrims
fi rst landed in North America in 1620. (42°N
70°W) p. 43
Portugal Country in southwestern Europe on the
western Iberian Peninsula. (38°N 8°W) p. 14
Providence Capital of Rhode Island. (42°N 71°W)
p. 46
Puerto Rico Island east of Cuba and southeast of
Florida. A U.S. territory acquired in the Spanish
American War. Capital: San Juan. (18°N 67°W)
p. 649
R
Rhode Island (RI) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1790. Capital: Providence.
(41°N 71°W) p. 46
Richmond Capital of Virginia. Capital of the
Confederate States of America during the Civil
War. (37°N 7°W) p. 381
Rio Grande Spanish for Great River. Forms the
border between Texas and Mexico. p. 319
Roanoke Island Island off the coast of North
Carolina. Site of the fi rst English settlement
attempt in North America. p. 27
Rocky Mountains Mountain range in western North
America that extends from Alaska south to New
Mexico. p. 10
Russia Vast country that extends from Eastern
Europe through northeastern Asia. Capital:
Moscow. (61°N 60°E) p. 262
New Hampshire Russia
GAZETTEER
R21
GAZETTEER
R22 GAZETTEER
S
Sacramento Riv e r River in northwest California.
Sacramento, capital of California sits at its head.
(38°N 121°W) p. 327
San Antonio City in southern Texas. Site of the
Mexican victory over Texas forces at the Alamo
during the Texas Revolution. (29°N 99°W)
p. 314
San Diego City in southern California. Located on
San Diego Bay. (33°N 117°W) p. 320
San Francisco City in western California on a
peninsula between the Pacifi c Ocean and San
Francisco Bay. (37°N 122°W) p. 22
Santa Fe Capital of New Mexico. (35°N 106°W)
p. 22
Saratoga Site in eastern New York of the
Revolutionary War’s Battle of Saratoga, the
turning point of the war. p. 94
Savannah Port city in southeastern Georgia.
Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733. (32°N
81°W) p. 40
Seneca Falls Village in west-central New York State.
Site of the fi rst women’s rights convention in
the United States in 1848. (43°N 77°W) p. 426
Sierra Nevada Large mountain range in eastern
California. p. 320
South America Continent in the southern Western
Hemisphere. p. 6
South Car olina (SC) State in the southeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Columbia. (34°N 81°W) p. 40
South Dakota (SD) State in the north-central
United States. Organized as part of the Dakota
Territory in 1861. Admitted as a state in 1889.
Capital: Pierre. (44°N 102°W) p. 239
Spain Country in southwestern Europe that
occupies the greater part of the Iberian
Peninsula. Capital: Madrid. (40°N 4°W) p. 12
T
Tennessee (TN) State in the south-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1796. Capital:
Nashville. (36°N 88°W) p. 234
Tenochtitlán Aztec island-city that was located on
the site that is now Mexico City. p. 20
Texas (TX) State in the south-central United States.
Independent republic from 1836 to 1845.
Admitted as a state in 1845. Capital: Austin.
(31°N 101°W) p. 10
U
Unit ed States of America Country in central North
America. Capital: Washington, D.C. p. 6
Utah (UT) State in the western United States.
Admitted as a state in 1896. Capital: Salt Lake
City. (39°N 112°W) p. 8
V
V alley Forge Site in southeastern Pennsylvania
where General George Washington and his
troops spent the harsh winter of 1777–78. p. 96
V enezuela Republic in northern South America.
Capital: Caracas. (8°N 66°W) p. 656
V ermont (VT) State in the northeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1791. Capital:
Montpelier. (44°N 73°W) p. 261
Vicksbur g City in western Mississippi on the bluffs
above the Mississippi River. (42°N 85°W) p. 484
Vir ginia (VA) State in the eastern United States.
One of the original thirteen colonies. Admitted
as a state in 1788. Capital: Richmond. (37°N
80°W) p. 27
W
Washington (WA) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Olympia. (47°N 121°W) p. R2
Washington, D.C. Capital of the United States.
Located on the Potomac River between Virginia
and Maryland. (39°N 77°W) p. 202
West Virginia (WV) State in the east-central United
States. Part of Virginia until the area refused to
join the Confederacy in 1861. Admitted as a
state in 1863. Capital: Charleston. (39°N 81°W)
p. 474
Wisconsin (WI) State in the north-central United
States. Became part of the Northwest Territory
in 1787. Admitted as a state in 1848. Capital:
Madison. (44°N 91°W) p. 117
Wyoming (WY) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1890. Capital:
Cheyenne. (43°N 108°W) p. 239
Sacramento River Wyoming
R1
Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2
California Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R14
California State Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R16
Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R18
Presidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R23
Facts about the States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R28
American Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R30
Supreme Court Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R32
Historical Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R40
Biographical Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R52
English and Spanish Glossary . . . . . . . . . R62
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R84
Credits and Acknowledgments . . . . . . .R100
References
Seattle
Spokane
P
o
catello
T
a
c
o
m
a
Salem
Eugene
Boise
S
alt L
a
k
eC
ity
C
a
rs
o
nC
i
ty
San Francisco
Sacramento
Berkeley
Lo
s
A
n
g
e
le
s
V
e
n
tura
Santa Barbara
Long
Bea
ch
T
u
c
s
o
n
C
asa G
ra
n
d
e
Flag
s
t
a
ff
Reno
San Jose
F
res
n
o
R
i
verside
Palm Springs
Anaheim
S
a
nta
A
na
San Diego
O
aklan
d
Las
V
egas
P
ro
v
o
Ogden
Sun Valley
P
hoen
ix
O
des
s
a
Midland
A
m
a
rillo
O
k
l
a
h
o
m
aC
i
t
y
Lub
bo
ck
Ab
il
e
n
e
San Antonio
L
a
red
o
C
o
rpu
sC
h
risti
F
ort Wor
th
L
awton
E
l
P
a
s
o
L
a
sC
r
uce
s
H
ele
n
a
Cheyenne
Aspen
Denver
Colorad
o
Springs
Pueblo
B
o
u
ld
e
r
Vail
San
ta
F
e
A
lb
u
q
u
e
r
q
u
e
T
a
os
A
u
s
t
i
n
Billings
G
re
at Falls
P
ie
r
re
Rapid City
Bismarck
O
ly
m
p
ia
Portland
12
5
˚W
1
2
0
˚W
125˚W
45˚N
3
0
˚N
3
5
˚
N
40
˚
N
Channel Islan
ds
Cape
M
endocino
P
a
dre
I
sland
C
o
l
u
m
b
i
a
R
i
v
e
r
S
n
a
k
e
R
i
v
e
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
s
t
o
n
e
R
i
v
e
r
G
r
e
e
n
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
G
i
l
a
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
o
G
r
a
n
d
e
P
e
c
o
s
R
i
v
e
r
C
a
n
a
d
i
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
P
l
a
t
t
e
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
s
s
o
u
r
i
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
A
r
k
a
n
s
a
s
R
i
v
e
r
B
r
a
z
o
s
R
i
v
e
r
G
reat
S
alt
Lake
U
ta
h
Lake
Lake
P
o
w
ell
Am
ista
d
Re
s
ervoir
Franklin D.
Roosevelt Lak
e
Pend
Oreille
Flathead
L
a
ke
Yellowstone
Lake
F
o
rt Peck
Lake
L
ake
Sakakawea
Lake
Oahe
Goose
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Pyrami
d
Lake
Lake Tahoe
L
a
k
e
M
e
a
d
S
a
lto
n
S
e
a
San Fra
n
c
is
c
oBa
y
P
u
g
et
S
o
un
d
M
onte
rey
B
a
y
Gulf of
California
PACIFIC
OCEAN
WASHINGTON
OREGON
IDAHO
WYOMING
N
E
B
R
A
S
K
A
K
A
N
S
A
S
N
OR
T
HDA
K
O
T
A
SOUTH DAKOTA
UTAH
COLORADO
NEVADA
C
A
L
IF
O
R
N
IA
ARIZONA
NEW MEXICO
TEX
A
S
O
KL
AHO
M
A
MONTANA
CANADA
MEXICO
P
A
C
IF
IC
O
C
E
A
N
ARCTIC OCEAN
Bering Sea
B
e
r
i
n
g
S
t
r
a
i
t
Y
u
k
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
Anchorage
Valdez
S
kagw
ay
F
a
irb
a
n
k
s
Juneau
N
o
m
e
St. L
a
w
r
e
n
c
e
Is
la
n
d
N
u
n
i
v
ak
Island
St. Matthew
Island
A
t
t
u
I
s
l
a
n
d
Alexander
A
rchipelago
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
l
a
s
k
a
K
o
d
i
a
k
I
s
l
a
n
d
ALASKA
C
A
N
A
D
A
R
USSIA
1
6
0
°W
170°W
170°E
50°N
55°N
180°
55°N
1
5
0
°W
140°W
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Albers Equal Area
N
S
W
E
22°N
19°N
160°W
155°W
PACIFIC
OCEAN
H
o
n
o
l
u
lu
H
ilo
Molokai
Kauai
Niihau
Kahoolawe
Lanai
Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
H
A
W
A
II
0 75 150 Miles
0 75 150 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
To understand the relative locations of Alaska and
Hawaii, as well as the vast distances separating them
from the rest of the United States, see the world map.
R2 ATLAS
ATLAS
The United States of America: Political
T
u
l
s
a
M
ontgom
e
r
y
F
a
yette
v
il
le
Little Rock
Pine Bl
u
f
f
A
tla
n
t
a
Nashville
Greens
boro
Durh
am
R
a
leig
h
L
e
x
in
g
to
n
L
o
u
is
v
il
le
F
o
r
tW
a
y
n
e
Fra
n
kfo
rt
Cincinnati
C
h
a
r
le
s
to
n
C
olu
m
bus
Pitts
burgh
Erie
P
h
i
la
d
e
lp
h
ia
T
ren
to
n
A
tlantic C
ity
C
a
m
d
e
n
New York City
Y
o
n
k
e
rs
N
ew
Haven
Burlington
Jersey City
B
ridgeport
Boston
C
o
ncord
M
a
n
c
h
e
s
te
r
Montpelier
A
u
g
u
s
ta
P
o
r
tla
n
d
R
o
c
h
e
ste
r
B
uffalo
Syracuse
D
over
Dayton
South
Bend
G
ra
n
d
R
a
pid
s
G
a
ry
P
e
o
r
ia
East St. Louis
Evansville
S
p
r
i
n
g
fie
ld
Memphis
V
ic
k
s
b
u
r
g
K
n
o
x
v
ille
G
reenville
A
sh
e
v
ille
C
h
a
r
lo
tte
C
h
a
r
l
e
s
to
n
Richmond
Norfolk
V
irg
in
ia B
e
a
ch
Newport News
Wi
nston-
Sale
m
Cha
t
ta
n
o
o
g
a
C
o
lu
m
b
i
a
T
a
llahassee
Jacksonville
Gaine
s
vi
l
le
O
rlan
do
S
t. P
e
te
r
s
bu
r
g
Miami
Fo
rt
L
auderd
a
le
T
a
mpa
For
t
Myers
Macon
C
o
lumbu
s
Shreveport
J
ackso
n
M
o
bile
P
e
nsacola
N
ew O
rl
eans
W
ic
h
ita
K
a
n
s
as
C
ity
Kansas
C
ity
J
effe
rso
n
C
ity
S
t. L
o
u
is
T
o
p
e
k
a
L
in
co
ln
O
m
a
h
a
Davenport
Chicago
Marquette
G
r
een Bay
Lansing
S
a
u
lt S
te
.M
a
rie
S
a
g
in
a
w
Ann
Arbor
D
e
tro
it
To
led
o
H
a
r
ris
b
u
r
g
Allentown
Albany
Hartford
Providence
Worcester
Springfi
eld
N
e
w
a
rk
B
altim
o
re
Annapolis
Washington,
D.C.
Akron
Youngstow
n
Indiana
polis
Cleveland
Milw
au
ke
e
Rockford
M
adison
Cedar
Rap
i
d
s
S
i
o
u
xF
a
ll
s
S
io
u
x
C
ity
Fa
rg
o
G
r
an
d
F
o
rk
s
Duluth
Des Moines
Minneapol
i
s
S
upe
rio
r
Dalla
s
W
a
c
o
M
e
rid
i
a
n
B
ilo
x
i
S
avannah
H
u
n
ts
v
ille
Birm
ing
ham
B
a
to
nR
o
u
g
e
B
eaumont
G
a
lv
e
s
to
n
H
o
u
s
to
n
S
p
ri
n
g
f
ie
l
d
St. Paul
90˚W
95˚W
80˚W
85˚W
70˚W
75˚W
25˚N
40˚N
35˚N
3
0˚N
25
˚N
C
ape
H
a
tte
r
a
s
Long Island
Cape Cod
Cape
Canaveral
C
h
an
d
e
l
e
u
r
I
s
la
nd
s
Ca
p
eS
a
b
l
e
S
e
a
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
F
l
o
r
i
d
a
K
e
y
s
M
i
s
s
i
s
s
i
p
p
i
R
i
v
e
r
C
h
a
t
t
a
h
o
o
c
h
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e
R
.
S
a
v
a
n
n
a
h
R
i
v
e
r
S
t
.
L
a
w
r
e
n
c
e
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
s
s
i
s
s
i
p
p
i
R
i
v
e
r
I
l
l
i
n
o
i
s
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
n
n
e
s
o
t
a
R
i
v
e
r
Susquehanna
River
R
e
d
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
s
s
o
u
r
i
R
i
v
e
r
O
h
i
o
R
i
v
e
r
H
u
d
s
o
n
R
.
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
c
u
t
R
.
River
R
e
d
Eu
f
a
u
la
L
a
k
e
La
k
eo
fth
e
Oza
rk
s
Lake
Barkley
Lake
Champlain
Kentucky
Lake
Keystone
La
ke
L
a
k
e
T
e
x
o
m
a
T
o
le
do
B
e
n
d
R
e
s
e
r
v
o
ir
Chesapeake
Bay
L
o
n
gIs
la
n
dS
o
u
n
d
Delaware
Bay
L
ake
O
k
e
e
c
h
o
b
e
e
L
a
k
e
S
u
p
e
r
i
o
r
L
a
k
e
M
i
c
h
i
g
a
n
L
a
k
e
O
n
t
a
r
i
o
L
a
k
e
E
r
i
e
Lake
Huron
S
t
r
a
i
t
s
o
f
F
l
o
r
i
d
a
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
M
IN
N
E
S
O
T
A
IO
W
A
M
ISSOURI
ILLINOIS
IN
D
IA
N
A
OHIO
WEST
VIRGINIA
V
IR
G
IN
IA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEW YORK
DE
M
D
NJ
MAINE
MA
CT
RI
VT
N
H
K
E
N
T
U
C
K
Y
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH
CAROLINA
W
IS
C
O
N
S
IN
ARKANSAS
LOUISIANA
M
ISSISS
IPPI
ALABAMA
GE
O
RGIA
F
L
O
R
ID
A
TENNESSEE
M
I
C
H
I
G
A
N
CANADA
THE BAHAMAS
N
S
W
E
National capital
State capitals
Other cities
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 100 200 Miles
0 100 200 Kilometers
ATLAS R3
ATLAS
C
o
l
u
m
b
i
a
R
i
v
e
r
S
n
a
k
e
R
i
v
e
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
s
t
o
n
e
R
i
v
e
r
G
r
e
e
n
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
G
i
l
a
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
o
G
r
a
n
d
e
R
i
o
G
r
a
n
d
e
P
e
c
o
s
R
i
v
e
r
C
a
n
a
d
i
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
s
s
o
u
r
i
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
C
l
a
r
k
F
o
r
k
F
l
a
t
h
e
a
d
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
N
o
r
t
h
P
l
a
t
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R
i
v
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o
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t
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P
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a
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R
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b
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a
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R
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r
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m
o
k
y
H
i
l
l
R
i
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u
e
c
e
s
W
h
i
t
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R
i
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r
N
i
o
b
r
a
r
a
R
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C
h
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n
n
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R
i
v
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r
P
o
w
d
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r
R
i
v
e
r
B
i
g
h
o
r
n
R
i
v
e
r
W
i
nd
River
S
a
l
m
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
u
a
n
R
i
v
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r
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h
R
i
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r
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l
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t
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R
i
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r
R
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t
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R
i
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e
r
J
a
m
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s
R
i
v
e
r
G
reat
Salt
Lake
U
tah
Lake
Lake
P
o
w
e
ll
Am
ista
d
R
eservoir
Fra
nklin D.
Roose
velt La
ke
Pend
Oreille
Flathead Lake
Yellow
st
one
L
a
ke
Fort Pec
k
Lake
L
ake
Sakakawea
Lake
Oahe
G
oose
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Pyrami
d
Lake
Lake Tahoe
L
a
k
e
M
e
a
d
S
a
lton
S
e
a
S
a
nF
r
a
n
c
is
c
oB
a
y
M
onterey
Bay
G
ulf of
California
P
u
g
e
t
S
ou
n
d
Channel Islands
Cape
M
endocino
P
a
dre
Is
land
B
la
c
k
H
ills
B
i
g
h
o
r
n
M
t
s
.
Wind
R
iver
Range
Grand
Tetons
F
r
o
n
t
R
a
n
g
e
B
i
t
t
e
r
r
o
o
t
R
a
n
g
e
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tooth
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ts.
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b
i
a
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u
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M
o
j
a
v
e
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e
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ert
Imperial
Valley
S
a
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13,804 ft.
(4,207 m
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(
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PACIFIC
OCEAN
CANADA
MEXICO
125˚W
120
˚W
125˚W
45˚N
3
0
˚N
3
5
˚
N
40˚N
P
A
C
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IC
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C
E
A
N
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Bering Sea
B
e
r
i
n
g
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t
r
a
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t
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e
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D
A
R
USSIA
160°W
170°W
170°
E
50°N
55°N
180°
55°N
1
5
0
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140°W
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
M
ount McKinley
20,320 ft.
(6,194 m
)
A
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S
K
A
R
A
N
G
E
B
R
O
O
K
S
R
A
N
G
E
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Albers Equal Area
N
S
W
E
22°N
19°N
160°W
155°W
PACIFIC
OCEAN
M
a
u
n
a
K
e
a
1
3
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9
6 ft.
(4
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0
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)
Molokai
Kauai
Niihau
Kahoolawe
Lanai
Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
H
A
W
A
II
0 75 150 Miles
0 75 150 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
To understand the relative locations of Alaska and Hawaii,
as well as the vast distances separating them from the rest
of the United States, see the world map.
R4 ATLAS
The United States of America: Physical
ATLAS
C
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L
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d
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e
lta
The
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lades
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k
e
f
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wamp
Isle
Royale
C
ape H
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ra
s
Long Island
Cape Cod
Cape
Canaveral
C
h
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e
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k
ill
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.
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M
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u
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a
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s
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a
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P
A
L
A
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H
I
A
N
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
O
R
P
L
A
I
N
S
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F
C
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A
L
P
L
A
I
N
P
I
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D
M
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A
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P
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D
A
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I
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A
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M
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H
E
N
Y
P
L
A
T
E
A
U
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
CANADA
THE BAHAMAS
9
0˚W
95˚W
8
0˚
W
85˚W
70˚W
75˚W
25˚N
4
0
˚N
35˚N
25˚N
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 100 200 Miles
0 100 200 Kilometers
4,000
2,000
500
200
0 (Sea level)
Below
sea level
13,120
6,560
1,640
656
(Sea level) 0
Below
sea level
Feet Meters
ELEVATION
ATLAS R5
ATLAS
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
Arctic
40°S
60°S
20°S
0°
20°N
40°N
60°N
Equator
1
60°W
1
4
0
°W
120°W
100°W
80°
W
60°W
40°W
2
0°W
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle
Mexico
City
Washington,
D.C.
Chicago
Vancouver
Toronto
New York City
Ottawa
Montreal
Houston
Quito
Bogotá
Paramaribo
Georgetown
Caracas
Los Angeles
Winnipeg
Brasília
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
Montevideo
Asunción
Buenos
Aires
Santiago
Sucre
La Paz
Lima
Nouakchott
Dakar
Bamako
Casablanca
Rabat
Godthåb
Galápagos
Islands
(ECUADOR)
Bermuda
(U.K.)
Falkland
Islands
(U.K.)
South
Georgia
(U.K.)
South Sandwich
Islands
American
Samoa
Greenland
(DENMARK)
FRENCH GUIANA
(FRANCE)
WESTERN
SAHARA
(Sovereignty
Disputed)
A
l
e
u
t
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
ALASKA
(U.S.)
HAWAII
(U.S.)
CÔTE
D’IVOIRE
SIERRA
LEONE
LIBERIA
KIRIBATI
SAMOA
TONGA
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
ICELAND
CAPE VERDE
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
BOLIVIA
GUYANA
SURINAME
MALI
MAURITANIA
PERU
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
ARGENTINA
MOROCCO
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
PARAGUAY
CHILE
MEXICO
CANADA
UNITED
STATES
BRAZIL
NORTH
AMERICA
SOUTH
AMERICA
N
S
W
E
20°N
10°N
90°W
90°W
80°W
70°W
60°W
Tropic of Cancer
PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
CARIBBEAN SEA
GULF OF
MEXICO
Nassau
Havana
Port-au-Prince
Port-of-
Spain
Guatemala City
SanSalvador
San José
Belmopan
Tegucigalpa
Kingston
Santo
Domingo
Managua
Panama
City
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO
GUATEMALA
COSTA RICA
MEXICO
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
BELIZE
BAHAMAS
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
GUYANA
PANAMA
CUBA
JAMAICA
HAITI
EL SALVADOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FLORIDA
(U.S.)
Guadeloupe (FRANCE)
Martinique (FRANCE)
Puerto Rico
(U.S.)
Turks and Caicos Is.
(U.K.)
Cayman Is.
(U.K.)
Aruba
(NETHERLANDS)
Netherlands
Antilles
(NETHERLANDS)
Virgin Islands
(U.S. and U.K.)
0 200 400 Miles
0 200 400 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
St. Johns
Basseterre
Roseau
Castries
Kingstown
Bridgetown
St. George’s
Antigua and Barbuda
St. Kitts and Nevis
Dominica
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
Barbados
Grenada
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COUNTRY CAPITAL
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Mollweide
0 500 1,000 Miles
0 500 1,000 Kilometers
World: Political
R6 ATLAS
ATLAS
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
INDIAN OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
20°S
0°
20
°N
40°N
60°N
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Circle
2
0
°E
4
0
°
E
60
°
E
80
°
E
100°
E
1
2
0
°
E
1
4
0
°
E
1
6
0
°
E
60°S
Luanda
Kinshasa
Niamey
Pretoria
Maputo
Harare
Gaborone
Windhoek
Lusaka
Johannesburg
Cape Town
Bloemfontein
Antananarivo
DaresSalaam
Dodoma
Sanaa
Asmara
Addis Ababa
Khartoum
N’Djamena
Ankara
Istanbul
Riyadh
Abuja
Nicosia
Jerusalem
Cairo
Damascus
Amman
Tripoli
Tunis
Algiers
Beirut
Lagos
Moscow
Chennai
(Madras)
Mumbai
(Bombay)
Calcutta
Dhaka
Astana
Almaty
Tashkent
Baku
Ulaanbaatar
Delhi
Kathmandu
New
Delhi
Karachi
Kabul
Islamabad
Muscat
Tehran
Ashgabat
Baghdad
Manila
Osaka
–
Yokohama
Tokyo
Chongqing
Wuhan
Guangzhou
Harbin
Tianjin
Beijing
Seoul
Nagoya
Shanghai
Taipei
Hanoi
Hong
Kong
Phnom Penh
Yangon
(Rangoon)
P’yongyang
Colombo
Jakarta
Ho Chi
Minh City
Kuala
Lumpur
Singapore
Surabaya
Bangkok
Melbourne
Canberra
Sydney
Wellington
Port Moresby
Nairobi
˘
New Caledonia
(FRANCE)
Guam (U.S.)
Northern
Mariana
(U.S.)
Réunion
(FRANCE)
CABINDA
(ANGOLA)
Tasmania
ERITREA
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
THAILAND
LAOS
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
QATAR
ISRAEL
JORDAN
AZERBAIJAN
UZBEKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN
KUWAIT
BAHRAIN
OMAN
AFGHANISTAN
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
SYRIA
TAIWAN
EQUA–
TORIAL
GUINEA
A
NORTH
KOREA
SOUTH
KOREA
BRUNEI
SINGAPORE
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
MALDIVES
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
MARSHALL
ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
TUVALU
KIRIBATI
NAURU
PALAU
EAST TIMOR
VANUATU
FIJI
MOZAMBIQUE
KENYA
JAPAN
MALAYSIA
DJIBOUTI
CYPRUS
UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES
TOGO
LEBANON
ARMENIA
SÃO TOMÉ
AND
PRINCIPE
BENIN
SEYCHELLES
MAURITIUS
COMOROS
MADAGASCAR
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
MALAWI
BURUNDI
RWANDA
UGANDA
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE
CONGO
REP.
OF THE
CONGO
GABON
CAMEROON
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
SRI
LANKA
IRAQ
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
PAKISTAN
PHILIPPINES
ALGERIA
TANZANIA
ZAMBIA
NAMIBIA
YEMEN
OMAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
TUNISIA
TURKEY
GEORGIA
NEPAL
EGYPT
LIBYA
ETHIOPIA
NIGERIA
SUDAN
NIGER
CHAD
MONGOLIA
INDONESIA
SOMALIA
ANGOLA
SOUTH
AFRICA
IRAN
NEW
ZEALAND
AUSTRALIA
INDIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
RUSSIA
ANTARCTICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
ASIA
Lisbon
Reykjavik
Dublin
Budapest
Oslo
Madrid
Paris
Bern
London
The Hague
Amsterdam
Copenhagen
Stockholm
Helsinki
St. Petersburg
Brussels
Vienna
Bucharest
Sofia
Rome
Moscow
Minsk
Kiev
Tiranë
Chis
¸ina˘u
Athens
Warsaw
Berlin
50°N
40°N
60°N
Arctic
Circle
0°
1
0
°
E
2
0
°
E
30
°
E
40
°
E
10
°
W
50
°E
60
°
E
8
0
°E
BLACK SEA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
NORTH
SEA
Corsica
(FRANCE)
Sardinia
(ITALY)
Balearic
Is.
(SPAIN)
Sicily
Crete
Gibraltar
(U.K.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
VATICAN CITY
SAN MARINO
ALBANIA
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM
LUXEMBOURG
SWITZERLAND
DENMARK
LIECHTENSTEIN
MONACO
ANDORRA
MALTA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
IRELAND
BULGARIA
PORTUGAL
GREECE
SWEDEN
FINLAND
GERMANY
ITALY
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
NORWAY
ICELAND
POLAND
BELARUS
UNITED
KINGDOM
UKRAINE
FRANCE
RUSSIA
SPAIN
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Mollweide
N
S
W
E
Prague
Bratislava
Ljubljana
Zagreb
Sarajevo
Skopje
Belgrade
Vilnius
Riga
Tallinn
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
COUNTRY CAPITAL
HRW World History
wh06se_atlmap001a
World: Political
APPROVED – 12/16/04
ATLAS R7
ATLAS
North Pole
60°N
70°N
80°N
80°N
70°N
60°N
1
0°W
10°E
20°W
30
°
W
4
0°W
50°W
80°W
9
0
°
W
10
0
°W
1
3
0
°W
120°W
110°W
1
4
0
°W
150°W
160°W
170°W
170°
E
160°E
180°
0°
10°N
20°N
3
0°N
40°N
5
0
°N
50°N
40°N
30
°N
2
0
°N
0° E
q
u
ato
r
10
°N
A
r
c
t
i
c
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fo
r
t
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ea
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Sea
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f
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r
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r
a
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d
e
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a
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m
a
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a
n
a
l
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r
u
b
a
(
NE
T
H
E
R
L
AND
S
)
Nethe
rl
a
nds
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lle
s
(N
ET
HERLA
N
DS)
Puerto Rico
(
U
.
S
.
)
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artin
iq
ue
(
F
R
A
N
C
E
)
V
irg
in I
s
.
(U
.S
.
,U
.K
.
)
G
u
a
d
e
lo
u
p
e
(
F
R
A
N
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)
C
aymanIs.
(U
.
K.
)
Turks and Caicos
Islands
(
U
.K
.
)
St. Pie
rre and
Miquelo
n
(
F
R
A
N
C
E
)
B
erm
u
d
a
(U
.K.)
Que
en
Charlotte
Islands
B
a
f
f
i
n
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s
l
a
n
d
V
i
c
to
r
ia
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la
n
d
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a
n
k
s
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n
d
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L
a
wrence
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Kodiak
Island
Nunivak
Island
Point
Barrow
Queen
Eli
zabeth
Islands
C
ape
F
a
re
w
e
ll
N
e
w
fo
u
n
d
la
n
d
C
oats
Island
M
a
n
s
e
l
Is
l
a
n
d
South
ampton
Isl
and
Anticost
i
Island
Cape C
od
C
a
p
e
H
a
tte
r
a
s
Ca
pe Canaver
al
F
lo
r
id
a
K
ey
s
Prince
Edward
Island
Cape
B
r
eton
Island
E
l
l
e
s
m
e
r
e
I
s
l
a
n
d
A
l
e
x
a
n
d
e
r
A
r
c
h
i
p
e
l
a
g
o
Vancouver
Island
C
a
p
e
M
endoci
no
New
Yor
kCi
t
y
Chi
cag
o
Mexic
o
City
Los Angel
es
Housto
n
S
a
n
to
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o
m
i
n
g
o
B
irm
in
g
h
a
m
T
iju
a
n
a
M
érida
Belmop
an
Panama City
Managua
T
eg
ucigalpa
Austin
N
a
ssa
u
K
in
g
s
ton
Salt Lake
City
Denver
M
em
phis
Jackso
nville
A
n
c
h
o
ra
g
e
Juneau
N
ew O
r
leans
S
a
nJ
o
sé
S
a
n
A
n
to
n
io
In
d
ia
n
a
p
o
lis
Kansas City
C
olumb
u
s
Po
r
tland
M
i
lw
a
u
k
e
e
P
o
rt-au
-
Prince
Phoenix
A
tl
a
n
ta
B
osto
n
Q
u
e
b
e
c
Calgary
Edmonton
O
ttaw
a
Vancouver
W
innipeg
W
a
shington, D.C.
S
e
a
tt
le
S
a
nFra
n
c
is
c
o
San
Jose
M
iami
Monterrey
Gu
a
d
a
laja
ra
Puebla
G
u
a
te
m
a
la C
it
y
SanSalvador
Ha
v
ana
San
Juan
B
altim
o
r
e
N
o
rfo
lk
Minneapolis
S
t. Louis
Cleveland
San Diego
P
h
i
la
d
e
lp
h
i
a
Montreal
T
o
ro
n
to
D
e
tr
o
it
Dallas
ALASKA
(U.S.)
G
re
e
n
land
(D
E
N
M
A
R
K
)
MEXICO
BELIZE
G
UATEM
ALA
HON
DUR
A
S
EL SAL
VADOR
NI
CARAGUA
COSTA
RICA
PANAMA
JAMA
IC
A
HAITI
DOM
INICAN
REPU
BLIC
C
UBA
THE
BAHAMAS
CANADA
U
N
I
T
E
D
S
T
A
T
E
S
D
O
M
I
N
I
CA
ST
.LUCIA
ST. V
I
N
CE
N
TAND
T
HE GRENADINE
S
GRENADA
TR
I
NI
D
AD AN
DTOB
A
G
O
ANT
I
GUA &
B
A
R
BUDA
B
A
R
B
A
D
O
S
ST. K
I
TTS
& NEVIS
I
CE
LAND
ASIA
EUROPE
S
O
U
T
H
A
M
E
R
I
C
A
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal EqualArea
0 300 600 Miles
0 300 600 Kilometers
ATLAS
R8 ATLAS
North America: Political
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
S
e
a
O
r
i
n
o
c
o
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
a
z
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
a
z
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
M
a
r
a
ñ
ó
n
R
i
v
e
r
U
c
a
y
a
l
i
R
i
v
e
r
R
í
o
d
e
l
a
P
l
a
t
a
U
r
u
g
u
a
y
R
i
v
e
r
S
ã
o
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
í
o
N
e
g
r
o
P
a
r
a
g
u
a
y
R
i
v
e
r
P
a
r
a
n
á
R
i
v
e
r
L
a
k
e
P
o
o
p
ó
Lake
Titicaca
La
k
e
M
a
ra
c
a
ib
o
Strait of
Magell
a
n
T
i
e
rra
d
e
l
Fu
e
g
o
S
o
u
th G
e
o
rg
ia
Isla
n
d
(U.K
.)
Juan
Fernández
Islands
(
C
H
IL
E
)
Sa
n Félix Island
(CHILE)
San Ambrosio
Island
(CHILE)
Malpelo
Is
land
(COLOMBIA)
G
a
l
á
pag
o
s
Is
la
n
d
s
(
E
C
U
A
D
O
R
)
Falk
l
and
I
slands (U.
K
.
)
FRENCH
GUIANA
(FRANCE)
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAM
E
BRAZIL
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
CHILE
ARGENTINA
CENTRAL
AMERICA
70°W
60°W
50
°W
4
0
°W
30°W
20°W
80°W
90°W
1
0
0
°W
90°W
6
0
°W
7
0
°W
8
0
°
W
5
0
°W
4
0
°W
20°N
10°N
20°S
30°S
4
0
°S
5
0
°S
E
qu
a
t
o
r0
°
10°S
10°N
20°N
10°S
20°
S
30°S
4
0
°S
0° Equator
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
p
r
i
c
o
r
n
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
p
r
i
c
o
r
n
Caracas
Cartagena
Barranquilla
B
o
g
otá
C
a
li
M
edellín
Q
ui
to
Guayaquil
Lim
a
T
ru
jillo
Callao
A
re
q
u
ipa
Sucre
La Paz
B
u
en
o
sA
i
r
e
s
A
su
n
ció
n
Córdoba
Rosario
M
o
n
te
v
i
d
e
o
Santiago
V
a
lparaíso
Recife
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
Pô
rto A
legre
B
e
lo H
o
rizon
te
B
ra
s
ília
Salvador
Curitiba
Be
l
é
m
Cayenne
Georgetown
Paramaribo
C
ampinas
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal EqualArea
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
ATLAS R9
South America: Political
ATLAS
60°N
70°N
4
0
°N
50°N
70°N
A
rc
tic
C
ir
c
le
20°E
30
°E
3
0
°W
3
0
°W
4
0
°W
20°W
10°W
10°E
0
°
2
0°W
10°W
0°
30°E
2
0
°E
40
°E
5
0
°E
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
G
u
l
f
o
f
F
i
n
l
a
n
d
North
Sea
Black Se
a
B
a
l
t
i
c
S
e
a
A
e
g
e
a
n
S
e
a
G
u
l
f
o
f
B
o
t
h
n
i
a
White
S
ea
B
a
r
e
n
t
s
S
e
a
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Adriatic
Sea
C
a
s
p
i
a
n
S
e
a
Strait o
f
Gibral
tar
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Bayof
Biscay
Rho
n
e
R
iv
er
R
h
i
n
e
D
a
n
u
b
e
R
i
v
e
r
P
o
R
i
v
e
r
D
a
n
u
b
e
D
n
i
p
r
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
V
o
l
g
a
U
r
a
l
R
i
v
e
r
D
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
E
l
b
e
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
L
o
i
r
e
T
h
a
m
e
s
R
.
T
a
g
u
s
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
S
e
i
n
e
R
i
v
e
r
L
ake
Geneva
L
o
n
d
o
n
B
e
r
lin
M
oscow
S
t. Pete
rs
b
u
rg
M
a
drid
Barcelona
Milan
Rom
e
Ki
e
v
Paris
A
ndo
rra
l
a
V
e
l
la
At
hens
M
ona
co
Mu
nich
V
ienna
Budapest
B
u
c
h
are
s
t
Naples
H
a
m
b
u
r
g
Warsaw
Minsk
Pr
ag
u
e
Sofia
B
elg
r
a
d
e
Nizhny Novgorod
Liverpool
B
elfa
s
t
Br
ussel
s
A
msterdam
Co
logne
The
H
ague
Lyon
M
a
rseille
Lisb
on
Valencia
S
e
vil
le
C
o
p
en
h
a
ge
n
K
r
a
k
o
w
Stockholm
H
e
l
s
in
k
i
Rig
a
Dublin
Reykjavík
E
d
in
b
u
rg
h
Vaduz
D
resden
Br
a
tisla
v
a
San
Marino
S
k
o
p
j
e
G
ö
te
b
o
rg
Oslo
V
iln
iu
s
Tallinn
Bern
L
u
x
e
m
b
o
u
r
g
Bon
n
L
ju
b
lja
na
Sar
a
je
v
o
Tiranë
V
al
letta
B
e
rg
en
Z
a
g
re
b
C
h
is
ina
u
˘
Gibralt
a
r
(U
.K.)
A
S
IA
SOUTHWEST
ASIA
AFRICA
ICELAND
IRELAND
SPAIN
FRANCE
ANDORRA
V
A
T
ICAN
CITY
ITALY
GERMANY
BE
L
GI
UM
L
U
X
E
M
B
O
U
R
G
POLAND
C
ZECH
R
EP
UBLIC
SLOVAKIA
HUNGARY
CROAT
IA
BOSNIA
A
ND
HERZE
G
OVINA
AUSTRIA
SLO
VE
NIA
S
ERBIA
A
ND
MONTENEGRO
ALBA
NIA
GREECE
R
O
M
ANIA
BULGARIA
MOLDOV
A
UKRAINE
RUSSIA
BEL
ARUS
RUSSIA
NORWAY
S
WEDEN
FINLAND
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
MONACO
LIECHTENSTEIN
THE
NETHERLANDS
SAN
MARINO
MALTA
PORTUG
A
L
SWIT
ZE
RLAND
MACED
ONIA
D
ENMARK
U
N
I
T
E
D
K
I
N
G
D
O
M
S
C
O
T
L
A
N
D
W
A
L
E
S
ENGL
AND
NORTHERN
IRELAND
Faero
e
Island
s
(D
EN
M
A
R
K
)
Shetland
Islan
ds
Channel Islands
(U.K.)
C
o
r
s
ica
(FRANCE)
Sar
dinia
(
ITA
LY
)
Balearic Islands
(
S
P
AIN)
Sicily
Crete
R
h
o
d
es
British
Isle
s
U
R
A
L
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
P
Y
R
E
N
E
E
S
A
L
P
S
North Cape
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal Equal Area
0 150 300 Miles
0 150 300 Kilometers
ATLAS
R10 ATLAS
Europe: Political
5
0°
N
6
0
°N
7
0
°N
8
0
°N
40°N
10°S
0° E
q
uator
E
qu
a
t
or 0°
10
°N
30°N
4
0°
N
60°N
70°N
80°
N
50°
N
2
0
°N
10°
S
10°W
10°E
20°E
30°E
40
°E
5
0
°E
6
0
°E
70°E
8
0
°E
100°E
110 °E
1
2
0
°E
1
30°E
140°E
150°E
160°E
17
0
°E
18
0
°
90°E
0°
10
°E
20°E
50°
E
60°E
70
°E
8
0
°E
9
0
°E
100°E
130°E
140
°E
150
°
E
18
0
°
170°E
170°W
12
0°E
1
10
°E
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
T
rop
ic of
Cancer
PACIFIC
OCEAN
I
N
D
I
A
N
O
C
E
A
N
B
arents
Sea
Kar
a
Se
a
Laptev
Sea
Beri
n
g
Se
a
Se
a of
Okhotsk
Y
ellow
Sea
Yellow
Sea
East
C
hina
S
ea
Celebes
Sea
Java S
ea
A
r
afura Se
a
Gu
lf of
T
h
a
i
land
Andama
n
Sea
Arab
i
an
Sea
Red Sea
A
r
al
S
ea
South
China
Sea
P
e
r
s
i
a
n
G
u
l
f
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
C
a
s
p
i
a
n
S
e
a
B
l
a
c
k
S
e
a
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Bayof
Bengal
Luz
on S
trait
M
e
k
o
n
g
R
i
v
e
r
C
h
a
n
g
J
i
a
n
g
(
Y
a
n
g
z
i
R
i
v
e
r
)
I
r
t
y
s
h
L
e
n
a
R
i
v
e
r
Y
e
n
i
s
e
y
R
i
v
e
r
L
a
k
e
B
a
y
k
a
l
Lake
Balkhash
H
u
a
n
g
H
e
(
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
i
v
e
r
)
A
n
g
a
r
a
R
i
v
e
r
I
r
r
a
w
a
d
d
y
R
i
v
e
r
O
b
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
T
i
g
r
i
s
E
u
p
h
r
a
t
e
s
R
i
v
e
r
I
n
d
u
s
G
a
n
g
e
s
R
i
v
e
r
N
u
R
i
v
e
r
B
r
a
h
m
a
p
u
t
r
a
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
u
r
U
r
a
l
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
U
R
A
L
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
Sakhalin
Island
K
u
r
i
l
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
A
l
e
u
t
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
S
o
c
o
t
r
a
(Y
E
M
E
N
)
Laksh
adw
eep
Is
l
and
s
(
IN
D
IA
)
Andaman
Islands
(INDIA)
H
ai
n
an
(C
H
IN
A)
Nicobar Islands
(INDIA)
Ryukyu Isl
ands
(JA
PAN
)
(
R
U
S
S
I
A
)
N
e
wG
uin
e
a
G
r
e
a
t
W
a
l
l
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
Moscow
Izmir
Ista
nbul
Ankara
Nicosia
Aleppo
Beirut
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
Basra
Baku
Baghdad
Mosul
Amm
an
Damas
c
u
s
Kuwait City
Jidda
Riyadh
Doh
a
Abu Dhabi
Masqat
(Muscat)
Mecca
Sanaa
Manama
Tabriz
Yerevan
T’bilisi
Isfahan
S
hi
r
az
M
ashhad
Tehran
Kara chi
Lahore
Faisalabad
Delhi
Ahmadabad
Kabul
A
lmaty
Astana
Tashkent
Ashgabat
Islamabad
New
Delhi
Dushanb
e
B
ishkek
Yekaterinburg
C
helyabinsk
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Yakutsk
Irkutsk
Vladivostok
Mumbai
(
Bombay)
Chen
n
ai
(Madras)
Ba
ngalore
Colombo
Male
Kolkata
(Calcutta)
Chittagong
Dhaka
Thimphu
K
athmandu
Yangon
(Rangoon)
Bang
k
ok
Ho Chi Minh City
Singapore
Phnom
P
e
n
h
Hanoi
Kuala Lumpur
Medan
B
andar Ser
i
Begawan
Vient
i
ane
Mandalay
J
a
karta
Ujung Pandang
Bandung
Surabaya
Semarang
Manila
Taipei
Hong Ko
ng
M
acao
Beijing
Sh
a
nghai
Wuh
a
n
Guangzhou
Qingdao
X
i'a
n
Chengdu
Nanjing
Cho
ngqing
Changchun
Harbin
Dalian
Fushun
Hiroshima
Sapporo
Kyoto
Nagoya
Nagasaki
Yokoh
ama
O
sak
a
Tokyo
J
a
ipu
r
Hyderabad
Nagpur
Bho
pal
U
laanbaatar
Pusa
n
S
eo
ul
P'yo
ngyang
˘
I
N
D
O
N
E
S
I
A
RUSSIA
MONGOLIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
T
URKMENISTAN
TURKEY
CYPRUS
LEB
A
NON
ISR
A
E
L
JORDAN
SYRIA
IRAQ
ARMENIA
GEORGIA
RUSSI
A
IRA
N
SAUDI
ARABIA
KUWA
IT
AZERB
AIJAN
B
AHRAIN
QATAR
UNIT
E
D
ARAB
EMIRATE
S
OMAN
YEMEN
AFGHANIST
AN
PAKIS
T
AN
TAJIK
IS
T
AN
KYRG
Y
Z
S
T
A
N
INDIA
SRI
LANKA
MALDIVE
S
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
M
YANMAR
(BURMA)
LAOS
THAILAND
VIETNAM
CAMBODIA
MALAYSI
A
SINGAPORE
BRUNEI
PHILIPPIN
ES
EAST TIMO
R
JAPAN
N
ORTH KOREA
SOUTH
KOREA
TAIWAN
NEPAL
AFRICA
A
U
STRALIA
E
U
R
O
P
E
North Pole
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Two-Point Equidistant
0 250 500 750 Miles
0 250 500 750 Kilometers
ATLAS R11
ATLAS
Asia: Political
Suez Canal
Lake
N
asser
Lake
Chad
Lake
Victoria
Lake
Tanganyika
Lake Malawi
(Nyasa)
C
o
n
g
o
R
i
v
e
r
N
i
g
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
O
r
a
n
g
e
R
i
v
e
r
B
l
u
e
N
i
l
e
N
i
l
e
R
i
v
e
r
W
h
i
t
e
N
i
l
e
Z
a
m
b
e
z
i
R
i
v
e
r
Strait of
Gibraltar
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Gulf of
Guinea
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
Red Sea
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
INDIAN
OCEAN
Pemba
Zanzibar
CABINDA
(ANGOLA)
W
ES
TER
N
SAHARA
(C
laim
ed b
y
M
or
o
cco)
M
a
d
e
ir
a
(P
O
R
T
U
G
A
L
)
Azores
(PORTUGAL)
R
é
u
n
i
o
n
(F
R
A
N
C
E
)
Canary Isl
ands
(SPAIN)
St. Helen
a
(
U
.K.)
EUROPE
SO
U
TH
W
ES
T
A
SIA
MOROCCO
TUNISIA
ALGE
RIA
M
A
U
R
ITA
N
IA
GAMBI
A
C
A
P
E
V
E
R
D
E
LIBERIA
C
Ô
T
E
D
’
IV
O
IR
E
GUINEA
SENEGAL
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
G
U
IN
E
A
-
B
IS
S
A
U
S
I
ERRA LEONE
BENIN
NIGERIA
TOGO
M
A
LI
LIBYA
SUDAN
CHAD
NIGER
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
UGANDA
GABON
REPUBLIC
OF THE
CONGO
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
C
O
MOR
O
S
BOTSWANA
S
O
U
T
H
A
FRIC
A
LESOTHO
S
W
A
Z
ILA
ND
MADAGASCAR
SEYCHELLES
ZIMBABWE
CAMEROON
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
EGYPT
ETHIOPIA
TANZANIA
BURUNDI
RWANDA
KENYA
ERITREA
DJIBOUTI
S
O
M
A
L
I
A
M
O
Z
A
M
B
I
Q
U
E
MAURITIUS
R
a
b
a
t
C
a
sa
b
l
a
nc
a
Al
g
i
ers
Tunis
Tripoli
Alexandria
Cairo
G
iza
Addis Ababa
Djib
o
u
ti
Mogadishu
V
ic
to
r
ia
Nairobi
Mombasa
DaresSalaam
Kampala
Kigali
Bujumbura
Kinshasa
Lubumbashi
Kisangani
Brazzaville
Bangui
Libreville
Yaoundé
Malabo
São Tomé
N’Djamena
Abuja
Lagos
Porto-
Novo
B
a
m
a
k
o
Niamey
Ouagadougou
Nouakchott
E
lA
a
iú
n
D
a
k
a
r
B
a
n
ju
l
Praia
C
o
n
a
kry
B
is
s
a
u
Freetow
n
Abidjan
M
onrovia
Yam
oussoukro
Accra
Lomé
Lusaka
Lilongwe
Harare
Bulawayo
P
o
rt Louis
Antananarivo
M
a
p
u
t
o
Pretoria
Mbabane
Johannesburg
C
a
p
eT
o
w
n
Maseru
Gaborone
Windhoek
Luanda
Dodoma
M
oron
i
Khartoum
Asm
ara
Bloemfontein
40°N
10
°W
2
0
°W
30°
W
30°N
2
0°N
10°N
1
0
°S
20°
S
30°
S
40°S
30°W
20°
W
1
0
°W
0°
10°E
2
0°E
30°E
40°E
50°E
60°E
40°S
30
°S
10°S
Equator 0°
1
0°N
T
ro
p
ic o
f
C
a
p
ri
c
orn
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
0° Equator
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal Equal Area
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
R12 ATLAS
ATLAS
Africa: Political
135 E
150 E
165 E
65°W
50 W
35°W
180°
20°W
120°E
135 E
150°E
165°E
180°
165°W
150°W
135 W
120 W
15°N
30°N
Equator 0°
15°S
Tropic of Capricorn
15°N
Tropic of Cancer
30°N
30°S
45°S
0°
15°S
30°S
45°S
D
a
r
l
i
n
g
R
.
F
l
i
n
d
e
r
s
R
.
M
u
r
r
a
y
R
.
L
a
c
h
l
a
n
R
.
INDIAN OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
South
China
Sea
Philippine
Sea
Arafura
Sea
Timor
Sea
Tasma n
Sea
Coral
Sea
Truk Is.
Eniwetok I.
Kwajalein Island
GuadalcanalI.
Rarotonga
Island
Manihiki
Island
Phoenix
Islands
Tahiti
(FRANCE)
Marquesas
Islands
(FRANCE)
Society
Islands
(FRANCE)
Rapa Island
(FRANCE)
Tubuai Islands
(FRANCE)
Tuamotu
Archipelago
(FRANCE)
Pitcairn
Island
Ducie
Island
Easter Island
(CHILE)
Starbuck
Island
Fanning
Island
Washington
Island
McKeanI.
Malekula I.
Espiritu Santo I.
Bismarck
Archipelago
Loyalty
Islands
(FRANCE)
Gardner
I.
Gilbert
Islands
New
Guinea
Northern
Marianas
(U.S.)
Bonin Islands
(JAPAN)
Volcano Islands
(JAPAN)
Guam
(U.S.)
Kermadec
Islands
(N.Z.)
Norfolk
Island
(AUSTRALIA)
Niue
(N.Z.)
Wallis &
Futuna (FR.)
Tokelau (N.Z.)
Jarvis I.
(U.S.)
Baker I. (U.S.)
Palmyra Island (U.S.)
Pitcairn (U.K.)
Howland I.
(U.S.)
Christmas
Island
(AUSTRALIA)
Cook
Islands
(NEW ZEALAND)
American
Samoa
Hawaii
(U.S.)
Johnston
Island
(U.S.)
Kingman Reef
(U.S.)
Midway
Island
(U.S.)
Wake Island
(U.S.)
New
Caledonia
(FRANCE)
North
Island
South
Island
Chatham
Islands
(N.Z.)
Auckland Islands
(NEW ZEALAND)
Bounty
Islands
(N.Z.)
H
a
w
a
i
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
F
r
e
n
c
h
P
o
l
y
n
e
s
i
a
Palikir
Agana
Majuro
Tarawa
Papeete
Pago
Pago
Port-
Vila
Canberra
Wellington
Christchurch
Auckland
Sydney
Darwin
Brisbane
Melbourne
Adelaide
Perth
Hobart
Honiara
Port
Moresby
Suva
Nuku’alofa
Yaren
Koror
Apia
Noumea
Funafuti
M
E
L
A
N
E
S
I
A
MICRONESIA
POLYNESIA
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
AUSTRALIA
NEW
ZEALAND
NAURU
SOLOMON
PALAU
ISLANDS
VANUATU
FIJI
TUVALU
TONGA
SAMOA
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
ASIA
NORTH
AMERICA
International Date Line
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Mercator
0 500 1,000 Miles
0 500 1,000 Kilometers
ATLAS R13
Australia and New Zealand: Political
ATLAS
120°W 119°W
118°W
121°W
122°W
3
2
°
N
3
3
°N
3
4
°N
3
5°
N
36°N
3
8
°N
3
9°N
40
°N
4
1
°N
42°N
3
7°N
123°W
124°W
PACIFIC OCEAN
Monterey Bay
San Diego Bay
San Francisco
Bay
S
a
n
t
a
B
a
r
b
a
r
a
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Humboldt
Bay
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
E
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
T
r
i
n
i
t
y
F
e
a
t
h
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
K
l
a
m
a
t
h
R
i
v
e
r
R
u
s
s
i
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
l
i
n
a
s
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
t
a
C
l
a
r
a
R
.
S
a
n
t
a
Y
n
e
z
R
i
v
e
r
P
i
t
R
i
v
e
r
Y
u
b
a
R
i
v
e
r
K
e
r
n
C
u
y
a
m
a
R
.
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
K
i
n
g
s
M
e
r
c
e
d
S
a
n
S
t
a
n
i
s
l
a
u
s
R
i
v
e
r
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
Salton
Sea
Lake
Tahoe
Pyramid
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Eagle
Lake
Clear
Lake
Lake
Berryessa
Mono Lake
San Luis
Reservoir
Lake
Nacimiento
Lake
Havasu
Lake
Mohave
Lake
Mead
Isabella
Lake
Pine Flat
Reservoir
Lake
McClure
Folsom
Lake
Lake
Oroville
Lake
Almanor
Clair
Engle
Lake
Goose
Lake
Farallon
Islands
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
Pt. Conception
Pt. Reyes
Pt. Arena
Cape
Mendocino
Mount Shasta
14,162 ft.
(4,317 m)
Lassen Peak
10,457 ft.
(3,187 m)
Highest Point:
Mount Whitney
14,494 ft.
(4,418 m)
Mount
Williamson
14,370 ft.
(4,380 m)
North Palisade Peak
14,242 ft.
(4,341 m)
White Mountain Peak
14,246 ft.
(4,342 m)
Mount Pinos
8,831 ft.
(2,692 m)
Lowest Point:
-282 ft.
(-86 m)
D
e
a
t
h
V
a
l
l
e
y
Mojave Desert
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
D
e
s
e
r
t
Imperial
Valley
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
C
o
a
s
t
C
a
s
c
a
d
e
R
a
n
g
e
C
o
a
s
t
R
a
n
g
e
s
R
a
n
g
e
s
Napa
Valley
Santa
Clara
Valley
V
a
l
l
e
y
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
V
a
l
l
e
y
C
o
a
c
h
e
l
l
a
V
a
l
l
e
y
T
e
m
b
l
o
r
R
a
n
g
e
Klamath
Mountains
W
a
r
n
e
r
M
t
s
.
S
a
l
i
n
a
s
V
a
l
l
e
y
T
e
h
a
c
h
a
p
i
P
a
n
a
m
i
n
t
R
a
n
g
e
M
o
u
n
t
a
i
n
s
S
a
n
t
a
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A
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NEVADA
ARIZONA
OREGON IDAHO
MEXICO
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
4,000
2,000
500
200
0 (Sea level)
Below
sea level
13,120
6,560
1,640
656
(Sea level) 0
Below
sea level
Feet Meters
ELEVATION
R14 ATLAS
California: Physical
ATLAS
120°W 119°W
118°W
121°W
122°W
32°
N
3
3
°N
3
4
°
N
3
5
°
N
36°N
3
8°N
3
9
°N
40°
N
41°N
42°N
3
7
°N
123°W
124°W
PACIFIC OCEAN
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
Salton
Sea
Lake
Tahoe
Shasta
Lake
Mono
Lake
Goose
Lake
Redwood
National
Park
Lassen
Volcanic
Natl. Park
Yosemite
National
Park
Kings
Canyon
Natl.
Park
Sequoia
Natl. Park
Death
Valley
National
Park
Joshua Tree
Natl. Park
Channel Islands
Natl. Park
NEVADA
ARIZONA
OREGON IDAHO
MEXICO
Sonora
Crescent
City
Yreka
Needles
Blythe
Weaverville
Alturas
Quincy
Fort
Bragg
Willows
Colusa
Grass
Valley
Lakeport
Independence
Mariposa
Sonoma
Truckee
Downieville
Nevada
City
Auburn
Placerville
Jackson
San Andreas
Markleeville
Bridgeport
Atascadero
Ridgecrest
Barstow
Ventura
Santa Barbara
Porterville
Lompoc
Santa Maria
El Centro
Palm
Springs
Redwood City
Monterey
Hanford
Visalia
Tulare
San Luis
Obispo
Santa Cruz
Salinas
Hollister
Merced
Madera
Chico
Eureka
Redding
Red Bluff
Susanville
Ukiah
Petaluma
San Rafael
Fairfield
Woodland
Napa
Marysville
Oroville
South Lake Tahoe
Yuba City
Palmdale
Oxnard
Long Beach
Huntington Beach
Escondido
San Bernardino
Riverside
Anaheim
Santa Ana
Pasadena
Glendale
Bakersfield
Fresno
Oceanside
Stockton
Sacramento
Modesto
San Jose
Sunnyvale
Hayward
Oakland
Berkeley
Concord
Santa Rosa
Santa
Clarita
LOS ANGELES
SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 50 100 Miles
0 50 100 Kilometers
State boundary
International boundary
State capital
Other cities
ATLAS R15
California: Political
ATLAS
ATLAS
Executive Branch
Carries out the laws and policies of
state government
The Governor
■
Elected by voters to a four-year
term
■
Can serve two terms
■
Appoints officials and some
judges
■
Can veto whole laws or items of
laws passed by legislature
Lieutenant Governor
■
Elected along with governor, but
not as a running mate
■
Various jobs include replacing
governor should he or she leave
office
The Cabinet
■
Consists of officials appointed by
governor
■
Offers advice to governor on
specific areas of knowledge
Legislative Branch
Makes state laws
Bicameral System
■
Has two houses—State Senate
and Assembly
■
Both houses take part in law-
making
■
Legislature can override the
governor’s veto with a two-thirds
vote in both houses
The State Senate
■
40 senators
■
Serve four-year terms
■
Limited to two terms
The Assembly
■
80 Assembly members
■
Serve two-year terms
■
Limited to three terms
Judicial Branch
Decides conflicts and questions
about the law
Trial Courts
58 Superior Courts, one in each
county
Appellate Courts
■
Hear most appeals from lower
courts
■
Six district courts of appeals
■
Have at least three justices:
Appointed by governor then
confirmed by Commission
on Judicial Appointments
Approved by voters in next
election
Four-year terms
Supreme Court of California
■
Hears appeals of criminal cases
involving death penalty and
cases where state laws or state
constitution are found invalid
■
Has seven justices:
Appointed by governor then
confirmed by Commission
on Judicial Appointments
Approved by voters in next
election
12-year terms
California Go vernment
California Go vernors
R16 ATLAS
Peter Burnett (1849–1851)
John McDougall (1851–1852)
John Bigler (1852–1856)
J. Neeley Johnson (1856–1858)
John Weller (1858–1860)
Milton Latham (1860)
John Downey (1860–1862)
Leland Stanford (1862–1863)
Frederick Low (1863–1867)
Henry Haight (1867–1871)
Newton Booth (1871–1875)
Romualdo Pacheco (1875)
William Irwin (1875–1880)
George Perkins (1880–1883)
George Stoneman (1883–1887)
Washington Bartlett (1887)
Robert Waterman (1887–1891)
Henry Markham (1891–1895)
James Budd (1895–1899)
Henry Gage (1899–1903)
George Pardee (1903–1907)
James Gillett (1907–1911)
Hiram Johnson (1911–1917)
William Stephens (1917–1923)
Friend Richardson (1923–1927)
C. C. Young (1927–1931)
James Rolph (1931–1934)
Frank Merriam (1934–1939)
Culburt Olson (1939–1943)
Earl Warren (1943–1953)
Goodwin Knight (1953–1959)
Edmund G. “Pat” Brown (1959–1967)
Ronald Reagan (1967–1975)
Edmund G. “Jerry” Brown (1975–1983)
George Deukmejian (1983–1991)
Pete Wilson (1991–1999)
Gray Davis (1999–2003)
Arnold Schwarzenegger (2003– )
ATLAS
State tree California Redwood
State bird California valley quail
State marine animal Gray whale
State animal Grizzly bear
State reptile Desert tortoise
State flower Golden Poppy
Capital Sacramento
Year of Statehood 1850 (31st state)
Nickname The Golden State
Motto Eureka (I have found it.)
Song “I Love You, California”
Highest Elevation Mt. Whitney, 14,495 feet above sea level
Lowest Elevation Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level
Total Area 163,707 sq. miles
National Rank in Land Area 3
Total Coastline 840 miles
Largest City Los Angeles
Largest Lake Lake Tahoe
Number of Counties 58
Longest River Sacramento River
Population 35,484,453 (as of 2003)
National Rank in Population 1
Length (North to South) 770 miles
Width (East to West) 250 miles
California Facts
ATLAS R17
Golden
poppies
State flag
Death Valley, California
GAZETTEER
Gazetteer
R18 GAZETTEER
A
Africa Second-largest continent. Lies in both the
Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. p. 13
Alabama (AL) State in the southern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1819. Capital:
Montgomery. (33°N 87°W) p. 248
Alaska (AK) U.S. state in northwestern North
America. Purchased from Russia in 1867.
Became a territory in 1912. Admitted as a state
in 1959. Capital: Juneau. (64°N 150°W) p. 6
Albany Capital of New York. (42°N 74°W). p. 94
Appalachian Mountains Mountain system in eastern
North America that extends from Canada to
central Alabama. p. 61
Arctic Region around the North Pole including
Arctic Ocean, parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia
and Scandinavian countries. (90°N 0°E) p. 8
Arizona (AZ) State in the southwestern United
States. Organized into a territory in 1863.
Admitted as a state in 1912. Capital: Phoenix.
(34°N 113°W) p. 8
Arkansas (AR) State in the south-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1836. Capital:
Little Rock. (35°N 93°W) p. 26
Asia Largest continent. Occupies the same land
mass as Europe. p. 6
Atlanta Capital of Georgia. (33°N 84°W) p. 501
Atlantic Ocean Vast body of water separating North
and South America from Europe and Africa. p. 9
B
Baltimore Maryland city northeast of Washington,
D.C., on the Chesapeake Bay. (39°N 76°W)
p. 248
Bering Land Bridge Land bridge that once connected
what is now Alaska with Siberia. p. 6
Boston Capital of Massachusetts. (42°N 71°W)
p. 44
Brazil Republic in eastern South America. Capital:
Brasília. (10°S 55°W) p. 661
Buena Vista City in northeastern Mexico. (33°N
117°W) p. 321
Bull Run Creek in northeastern Virginia where the
Confederates won two major battles during the
Civil War. p. 479
Bunker Hill Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. Site of an
early Revolutionary War battle. p. 81
C
California (CA) State in the western United States.
Admitted as a state in 1850. Capital: Sacramento.
(38°N 121°W) p. 10
Canada Country in northern North America.
Capital: Ottawa. p. 6
Cape of Good Hope Southern tip of Africa. p. 15
Caribbean Sea Arm of the Atlantic Ocean between
North and South America. p. 9
Central America Region of land connecting North
and South America. p. 7
Charleston Port city in southeastern South
Carolina. Originally called Charles Town. (33°N
80°W) p. 40
Chesapeake Bay Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in
Virginia and Maryland. p. 39
Chicago Large U.S. city in northeastern Illinois on
Lake Michigan. Major port. (41°N 87°W) p. 358
China Country in East Asia with the world’s largest
population. Capital: Beijing. (Offi cial name:
People’s Republic of China) p. 13
Columbia River River in northwestern United
States and southwestern Canada. Forms part of
boundary between Oregon and Washington.
p. 238
Colorado (CO) State in the southwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1876. Capital:
Denver. (39°N 107°W) p. 8
Concord One of two northeastern Massachusetts
towns (along with Lexington) where the fi rst
fi ghting of the American Revolution took place
in 1775. (42°N 71°W) p. 79
Connecticut (CT) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Hartford.
(41°N 73°W) p. 46
Cuba Island-country in the Caribbean about 90
miles south of Florida. Capital: Havana. (22°N
79°W) p. 646
D
Delaware (DE) State in the eastern United States.
One of the original thirteen colonies. Admitted
as a state in 1787. Capital: Dover. (38°N 75°W)
p. 50
District of Columbia Federal district between
Maryland and Virginia where the capital of the
United States is located. (39°N 77°W) p. 202
GAZETTEER R19
GAZETTEER
E
Ecuador Republic in northwest South America.
Capital: Quito. (2°S 78°W) p. 8
England Region of the United Kingdom that makes
up most of the southern part of the island of
Great Britain. Capital: London. (51°N 1°W) p. 25
Erie Canal An early 1800s building project that
created a waterway between New York cities of
Albany, the capital, and Buffalo, on Lake Erie.
p. 264
Europe Continent occupying the same land mass
as Asia. p. 12
F
Florida (FL) State in the southeastern United States.
Organized as a territory in 1822. Admitted as a
state in 1845. Capital: Tallahassee. (30°N 84°W)
p. 21
Fort McHenry U.S. fort that guarded Baltimore,
Maryland. The British attacked the fort in the
War of 1812. p. 248
Fort Necessity Site where the French defeated
British colonists in 1754, in what was the fi rst
battle of the French and Indian War. p. 60
Fort Sumter Fort on Charleston Harbor, South
Carolina. Attack by Confederate forces here
began the Civil War. p. 473
France Country in Western Europe. Capital: Paris.
(46°N 0°W) p. 18
G
Georgia (GA) State in the southeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1788. One of the
original thirteen colonies. Capital: Atlanta.
(32°N 84°W) p. 40
Germany Country in Western Europe. Capital:
Berlin. (51°N 8°E) p. 24
Gettysburg Town in southern Pennsylvania. (40°N
77°W) p. 498
Great Basin Elevated region made up of parts of
California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and
Wyoming that was home to many American
Indian nations. p. 10
Great Britain Kingdom in western Europe that
includes England, Scotland, and Wales. p. 56
Great Lakes Chain of lakes located in central
North America and that extends across the
U.S.-Canada border. Includes Lake Superior,
Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake
Ontario. p. 17
Great Plains Region of central North America that
lies between the Mississippi River and the Rocky
Mountains p. 10
Gulf of Mexico Gulf on the southeastern coast of
North America, bordered by the United States,
Mexico, and Cuba. p. 7
H
Haiti Republic in the West Indies. Capital: Port-au-
Prince. (19°N 72°W) p. 235
Hartford Capital of Connecticut. (41°N 72°W)
p. 249
Hawaii (HI) U.S. state in the central Pacifi c Ocean
that is made up of the Hawaiian Islands.
Organized as a territory in 1900. Admitted as a
state in 1959. Capital: Honolulu. (20°N 157°W)
p. 642
Hispaniola Island that includes the countries of
Haiti and the Dominican Republic. p. 17
Hudson Bay Inland sea in east-central Canada.
Explored by Henry Hudson in 1610. p. 9
Hudson River River fl owing from northeastern to
southern New York. p. 27
I
Idaho (ID) State in the northwestern United States.
Admitted as a state in 1890. Capital: Boise.
(44°N 115°W) p. 326
Illinois (IL) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1818. Capital: Springfi eld.
(40°N 90°W) p. 97
India Large republic in southern Asia. Capital: New
Delhi. (28°N 77°E) p. 15
Indiana (IN) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1816. Capital:
Indianapolis. (40°N 86°W) p. 117
Indian Ocean Vast body of water east of Africa,
south of Asia, west of Australia, and north of
Antarctica. p. 14
Iowa (IA) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1846. Capital: Des
Moines. (42°N 94°W) p. 239
Ireland Island in the British Isles. Divided into
Northern Ireland (Capital: Belfast), and the
Republic of Ireland (Capital: Dublin). (54°N
8°W) p. 400
Italy Country in southern Europe. Capital: Rome.
(44°N 11°E) p. 12
Ecuador Italy
GAZETTEER
R20 GAZETTEER
J
Jamestown First successful English colony in North
America. Established in eastern Virginia in 1607.
p. 36
Japan Country in the Western Pacifi c Ocean.
Made up of a chain of islands. Capital: Tokyo.
(37°N 134°E) p. 15
K
Kansas (KS) State in the central United States.
Organized as a territory in 1854. Admitted as a
state in 1861. Capital: Topeka. (38°N 99°W)
p. 21
Kentucky (KY) State in the east-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1792. Capital:
Frankfort. (37°N 87°W) p. 234
L
Lake Erie One of the Great Lakes. Located in the
United States and Canada. p. 247
Latin America Spanish-speaking countries of North
and South America that were once claimed by
Spain or Portugal. p. 262
Lexington One of two northeastern Massachusetts
towns (along with Concord) where the fi rst
fi ghting of the American Revolution took place
in 1775. (42°N 71°W) p. 79
Liberia Country on the west coast of Africa. (6°N
10°W) p. 417
London Capital of the United Kingdom, in
England. (52°N 0°W) p. 42
Los Angeles Large city in southern California.
(34°N 118°W) p. 320
Louisiana (LA) State in the southeastern United States
carved out of the Louisiana Territory. Admitted as
a state in 1812. Capital: Baton Rouge. (31°N 92°W)
p. 484
M
Maine (ME) State in the northeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1820. Capital:
Augusta. (45°N 70°W) p. 267
Manhattan Island Island at the north end of New
York Bay. One of the fi ve boroughs that make
up New York City. p. 27
Maryland (MD) State in the east-central United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Annapolis.
(39°N 76°W) p. 39
Massachusetts (MA) State in the northeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Boston. (42°N 72°W) p. 43
Mediterranean Sea Large sea bordered by southern
Europe, Southwest Asia, and northern Africa.
p. 14
Mesoamerica Area from Mexico to North Central
America during pre-Spanish culture. p. 7
Mexico Country in southern North America.
Capital: Mexico City. p. 6
Michigan (MI) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1837. Capital:
Lansing. (46°N 87°W) p. 117
Minnesota (MN) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1858. Capital:
St. Paul. (46°N 90°W) p. 239
Mississippi (MS) State in the southeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1817. Capital:
Jackson. (32°N 89°W) p. 261
Mississippi River River that fl ows from Minnesota
south to the Gulf of Mexico. p. 8
Missouri (MO) State in the central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1821. Capital: Jefferson
City. (38°N 93°W) p. 239
Missouri River River that fl ows from southern
Montana and joins the Mississippi River. p. 8
Montana (MT) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Helena. (47°N 112°W) p. 239
Montreal City in southeastern Canada founded by
the French in 1642. (46°N 74°W) p. 17
N
Nebraska (NE) State in the central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1867. Capital: Lincoln.
(41°N 101°W) p. 239
Netherlands Country in northwestern Europe.
Capital: Amsterdam. (52°N 5°E) p. 25
Nevada (NV) State in the western United States.
Organized as a territory in 1861. Admitted as
a state in 1864. Capital: Carson City. (39°N
117°W) p. 318
New Amsterdam Dutch settlement on the island of
Manhattan. Founded in 1626. p. 24
New England Northeastern section of the United
States. Made up of Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont. p. 44
Jamestown New England
GAZETTEER
New Hampshire (NH) State in the northeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Concord. (44°N 71°W) p. 47
New Jersey (NJ) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1787. Capital: Trenton.
(40°N 75°W) p. 49
New Mexico (NM) State in the southwestern
United States. Admitted as a state in 1912.
Capital: Santa Fe. (34°N 107°W) p. 8
New Orleans Port city in southeastern Louisiana.
(30°N 90°W) p. 26
New Spain Vast area of North America controlled
by Spain. p. 22
New Sweden Swedish colony in North America
that was located along the Delaware River. p. 27
New York (NY) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Albany.
(42°N 78°W) p. 18
New York City Largest city in the United States.
(41°N 74°W) p. 51
Nicaragua Republic in Central America. Capital:
Managua. (13°N 85°W) p. 657
North America Continent in the northern Western
Hemisphere. p. 6
North Carolina (NC) State in the southeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1789. Capital:
Raleigh. (35°N 81°W) p. 21
North Dakota (ND) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Bismarck. (47°N 102°W) p. 239
O
Ohio (OH) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1803. Capital: Columbus.
(40°N 83°W) p. 117
Ohio River River that fl ows from southwestern
Pennsylvania west to join the Mississippi
River, forming the Ohio–West Virginia,
Ohio–Kentucky, Indiana–Kentucky, and
Illinois–Kentucky boundaries. p. 8
Oklahoma (OK) State in the south-central United
States. Organized as a territory in 1890.
Admitted as a state in 1907. Capital: Oklahoma
City. (36°N 98°W) p. 239
Oregon (OR) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1859. Capital:
Salem. (43°N 122°W) p. 317
P
Paci c Ocean Body of water extending from the
Arctic Circle to Antarctica and from western
North and South America to Australia, the
Malay Archipelago, and East Asia. p. 9
Panama Country in southern Central America.
Location of the Panama Canal. Capital: Panama
City. (8°N 81°W) p. 17
Pennsylvania (PA) State in the eastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1787. Capital: Harrisburg.
(41°N 78°W) p. 50
Peru Country in western South America. Capital:
Lima (10°S 75°W) p. 22
Philadelphia City in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800.
(40°N 75°W) p. 50
Philippines Country in the western Pacifi c Ocean.
Made up of about 7,100 islands. Capital: Manila.
(14°N 125°E) p. 648
Plymouth Site in Massachusetts where the Pilgrims
fi rst landed in North America in 1620. (42°N
70°W) p. 43
Portugal Country in southwestern Europe on the
western Iberian Peninsula. (38°N 8°W) p. 14
Providence Capital of Rhode Island. (42°N 71°W)
p. 46
Puerto Rico Island east of Cuba and southeast of
Florida. A U.S. territory acquired in the Spanish
American War. Capital: San Juan. (18°N 67°W)
p. 649
R
Rhode Island (RI) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1790. Capital: Providence.
(41°N 71°W) p. 46
Richmond Capital of Virginia. Capital of the
Confederate States of America during the Civil
War. (37°N 7°W) p. 381
Rio Grande Spanish for Great River. Forms the
border between Texas and Mexico. p. 319
Roanoke Island Island off the coast of North
Carolina. Site of the fi rst English settlement
attempt in North America. p. 27
Rocky Mountains Mountain range in western North
America that extends from Alaska south to New
Mexico. p. 10
Russia Vast country that extends from Eastern
Europe through northeastern Asia. Capital:
Moscow. (61°N 60°E) p. 262
New Hampshire Russia
GAZETTEER
R21
GAZETTEER
R22 GAZETTEER
S
Sacramento Riv e r River in northwest California.
Sacramento, capital of California sits at its head.
(38°N 121°W) p. 327
San Antonio City in southern Texas. Site of the
Mexican victory over Texas forces at the Alamo
during the Texas Revolution. (29°N 99°W)
p. 314
San Diego City in southern California. Located on
San Diego Bay. (33°N 117°W) p. 320
San Francisco City in western California on a
peninsula between the Pacifi c Ocean and San
Francisco Bay. (37°N 122°W) p. 22
Santa Fe Capital of New Mexico. (35°N 106°W)
p. 22
Saratoga Site in eastern New York of the
Revolutionary War’s Battle of Saratoga, the
turning point of the war. p. 94
Savannah Port city in southeastern Georgia.
Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733. (32°N
81°W) p. 40
Seneca Falls Village in west-central New York State.
Site of the fi rst women’s rights convention in
the United States in 1848. (43°N 77°W) p. 426
Sierra Nevada Large mountain range in eastern
California. p. 320
South America Continent in the southern Western
Hemisphere. p. 6
South Car olina (SC) State in the southeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Columbia. (34°N 81°W) p. 40
South Dakota (SD) State in the north-central
United States. Organized as part of the Dakota
Territory in 1861. Admitted as a state in 1889.
Capital: Pierre. (44°N 102°W) p. 239
Spain Country in southwestern Europe that
occupies the greater part of the Iberian
Peninsula. Capital: Madrid. (40°N 4°W) p. 12
T
Tennessee (TN) State in the south-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1796. Capital:
Nashville. (36°N 88°W) p. 234
Tenochtitlán Aztec island-city that was located on
the site that is now Mexico City. p. 20
Texas (TX) State in the south-central United States.
Independent republic from 1836 to 1845.
Admitted as a state in 1845. Capital: Austin.
(31°N 101°W) p. 10
U
Unit ed States of America Country in central North
America. Capital: Washington, D.C. p. 6
Utah (UT) State in the western United States.
Admitted as a state in 1896. Capital: Salt Lake
City. (39°N 112°W) p. 8
V
V alley Forge Site in southeastern Pennsylvania
where General George Washington and his
troops spent the harsh winter of 1777–78. p. 96
V enezuela Republic in northern South America.
Capital: Caracas. (8°N 66°W) p. 656
V ermont (VT) State in the northeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1791. Capital:
Montpelier. (44°N 73°W) p. 261
Vicksbur g City in western Mississippi on the bluffs
above the Mississippi River. (42°N 85°W) p. 484
Vir ginia (VA) State in the eastern United States.
One of the original thirteen colonies. Admitted
as a state in 1788. Capital: Richmond. (37°N
80°W) p. 27
W
Washington (WA) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Olympia. (47°N 121°W) p. R2
Washington, D.C. Capital of the United States.
Located on the Potomac River between Virginia
and Maryland. (39°N 77°W) p. 202
West Virginia (WV) State in the east-central United
States. Part of Virginia until the area refused to
join the Confederacy in 1861. Admitted as a
state in 1863. Capital: Charleston. (39°N 81°W)
p. 474
Wisconsin (WI) State in the north-central United
States. Became part of the Northwest Territory
in 1787. Admitted as a state in 1848. Capital:
Madison. (44°N 91°W) p. 117
Wyoming (WY) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1890. Capital:
Cheyenne. (43°N 108°W) p. 239
Sacramento River Wyoming
R1
Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2
California Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R14
California State Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R16
Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R18
Presidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R23
Facts about the States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R28
American Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R30
Supreme Court Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R32
Historical Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R40
Biographical Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R52
English and Spanish Glossary . . . . . . . . . R62
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R84
Credits and Acknowledgments . . . . . . .R100
References
Seattle
Spokane
P
o
catello
T
a
c
o
m
a
Salem
Eugene
Boise
S
alt L
a
k
eC
ity
C
a
rs
o
nC
i
ty
San Francisco
Sacramento
Berkeley
Lo
s
A
n
g
e
le
s
V
e
n
tura
Santa Barbara
Long
Bea
ch
T
u
c
s
o
n
C
asa G
ra
n
d
e
Flag
s
t
a
ff
Reno
San Jose
F
res
n
o
R
i
verside
Palm Springs
Anaheim
S
a
nta
A
na
San Diego
O
aklan
d
Las
V
egas
P
ro
v
o
Ogden
Sun Valley
P
hoen
ix
O
des
s
a
Midland
A
m
a
rillo
O
k
l
a
h
o
m
aC
i
t
y
Lub
bo
ck
Ab
il
e
n
e
San Antonio
L
a
red
o
C
o
rpu
sC
h
risti
F
ort Wor
th
L
awton
E
l
P
a
s
o
L
a
sC
r
uce
s
H
ele
n
a
Cheyenne
Aspen
Denver
Colorad
o
Springs
Pueblo
B
o
u
ld
e
r
Vail
San
ta
F
e
A
lb
u
q
u
e
r
q
u
e
T
a
os
A
u
s
t
i
n
Billings
G
re
at Falls
P
ie
r
re
Rapid City
Bismarck
O
ly
m
p
ia
Portland
12
5
˚W
1
2
0
˚W
125˚W
45˚N
3
0
˚N
3
5
˚
N
40
˚
N
Channel Islan
ds
Cape
M
endocino
P
a
dre
I
sland
C
o
l
u
m
b
i
a
R
i
v
e
r
S
n
a
k
e
R
i
v
e
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
s
t
o
n
e
R
i
v
e
r
G
r
e
e
n
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
G
i
l
a
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
o
G
r
a
n
d
e
P
e
c
o
s
R
i
v
e
r
C
a
n
a
d
i
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
P
l
a
t
t
e
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
s
s
o
u
r
i
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
A
r
k
a
n
s
a
s
R
i
v
e
r
B
r
a
z
o
s
R
i
v
e
r
G
reat
S
alt
Lake
U
ta
h
Lake
Lake
P
o
w
ell
Am
ista
d
Re
s
ervoir
Franklin D.
Roosevelt Lak
e
Pend
Oreille
Flathead
L
a
ke
Yellowstone
Lake
F
o
rt Peck
Lake
L
ake
Sakakawea
Lake
Oahe
Goose
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Pyrami
d
Lake
Lake Tahoe
L
a
k
e
M
e
a
d
S
a
lto
n
S
e
a
San Fra
n
c
is
c
oBa
y
P
u
g
et
S
o
un
d
M
onte
rey
B
a
y
Gulf of
California
PACIFIC
OCEAN
WASHINGTON
OREGON
IDAHO
WYOMING
N
E
B
R
A
S
K
A
K
A
N
S
A
S
N
OR
T
HDA
K
O
T
A
SOUTH DAKOTA
UTAH
COLORADO
NEVADA
C
A
L
IF
O
R
N
IA
ARIZONA
NEW MEXICO
TEX
A
S
O
KL
AHO
M
A
MONTANA
CANADA
MEXICO
P
A
C
IF
IC
O
C
E
A
N
ARCTIC OCEAN
Bering Sea
B
e
r
i
n
g
S
t
r
a
i
t
Y
u
k
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
Anchorage
Valdez
S
kagw
ay
F
a
irb
a
n
k
s
Juneau
N
o
m
e
St. L
a
w
r
e
n
c
e
Is
la
n
d
N
u
n
i
v
ak
Island
St. Matthew
Island
A
t
t
u
I
s
l
a
n
d
Alexander
A
rchipelago
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
l
a
s
k
a
K
o
d
i
a
k
I
s
l
a
n
d
ALASKA
C
A
N
A
D
A
R
USSIA
1
6
0
°W
170°W
170°E
50°N
55°N
180°
55°N
1
5
0
°W
140°W
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Albers Equal Area
N
S
W
E
22°N
19°N
160°W
155°W
PACIFIC
OCEAN
H
o
n
o
l
u
lu
H
ilo
Molokai
Kauai
Niihau
Kahoolawe
Lanai
Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
H
A
W
A
II
0 75 150 Miles
0 75 150 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
To understand the relative locations of Alaska and
Hawaii, as well as the vast distances separating them
from the rest of the United States, see the world map.
R2 ATLAS
ATLAS
The United States of America: Political
T
u
l
s
a
M
ontgom
e
r
y
F
a
yette
v
il
le
Little Rock
Pine Bl
u
f
f
A
tla
n
t
a
Nashville
Greens
boro
Durh
am
R
a
leig
h
L
e
x
in
g
to
n
L
o
u
is
v
il
le
F
o
r
tW
a
y
n
e
Fra
n
kfo
rt
Cincinnati
C
h
a
r
le
s
to
n
C
olu
m
bus
Pitts
burgh
Erie
P
h
i
la
d
e
lp
h
ia
T
ren
to
n
A
tlantic C
ity
C
a
m
d
e
n
New York City
Y
o
n
k
e
rs
N
ew
Haven
Burlington
Jersey City
B
ridgeport
Boston
C
o
ncord
M
a
n
c
h
e
s
te
r
Montpelier
A
u
g
u
s
ta
P
o
r
tla
n
d
R
o
c
h
e
ste
r
B
uffalo
Syracuse
D
over
Dayton
South
Bend
G
ra
n
d
R
a
pid
s
G
a
ry
P
e
o
r
ia
East St. Louis
Evansville
S
p
r
i
n
g
fie
ld
Memphis
V
ic
k
s
b
u
r
g
K
n
o
x
v
ille
G
reenville
A
sh
e
v
ille
C
h
a
r
lo
tte
C
h
a
r
l
e
s
to
n
Richmond
Norfolk
V
irg
in
ia B
e
a
ch
Newport News
Wi
nston-
Sale
m
Cha
t
ta
n
o
o
g
a
C
o
lu
m
b
i
a
T
a
llahassee
Jacksonville
Gaine
s
vi
l
le
O
rlan
do
S
t. P
e
te
r
s
bu
r
g
Miami
Fo
rt
L
auderd
a
le
T
a
mpa
For
t
Myers
Macon
C
o
lumbu
s
Shreveport
J
ackso
n
M
o
bile
P
e
nsacola
N
ew O
rl
eans
W
ic
h
ita
K
a
n
s
as
C
ity
Kansas
C
ity
J
effe
rso
n
C
ity
S
t. L
o
u
is
T
o
p
e
k
a
L
in
co
ln
O
m
a
h
a
Davenport
Chicago
Marquette
G
r
een Bay
Lansing
S
a
u
lt S
te
.M
a
rie
S
a
g
in
a
w
Ann
Arbor
D
e
tro
it
To
led
o
H
a
r
ris
b
u
r
g
Allentown
Albany
Hartford
Providence
Worcester
Springfi
eld
N
e
w
a
rk
B
altim
o
re
Annapolis
Washington,
D.C.
Akron
Youngstow
n
Indiana
polis
Cleveland
Milw
au
ke
e
Rockford
M
adison
Cedar
Rap
i
d
s
S
i
o
u
xF
a
ll
s
S
io
u
x
C
ity
Fa
rg
o
G
r
an
d
F
o
rk
s
Duluth
Des Moines
Minneapol
i
s
S
upe
rio
r
Dalla
s
W
a
c
o
M
e
rid
i
a
n
B
ilo
x
i
S
avannah
H
u
n
ts
v
ille
Birm
ing
ham
B
a
to
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o
u
g
e
B
eaumont
G
a
lv
e
s
to
n
H
o
u
s
to
n
S
p
ri
n
g
f
ie
l
d
St. Paul
90˚W
95˚W
80˚W
85˚W
70˚W
75˚W
25˚N
40˚N
35˚N
3
0˚N
25
˚N
C
ape
H
a
tte
r
a
s
Long Island
Cape Cod
Cape
Canaveral
C
h
an
d
e
l
e
u
r
I
s
la
nd
s
Ca
p
eS
a
b
l
e
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e
a
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s
l
a
n
d
s
F
l
o
r
i
d
a
K
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s
M
i
s
s
i
s
s
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p
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r
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a
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R
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r
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i
s
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p
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i
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l
l
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o
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s
R
i
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e
r
M
i
n
n
e
s
o
t
a
R
i
v
e
r
Susquehanna
River
R
e
d
R
i
v
e
r
M
i
s
s
o
u
r
i
R
i
v
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r
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h
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.
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o
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.
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e
d
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f
a
u
la
L
a
k
e
La
k
eo
fth
e
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rk
s
Lake
Barkley
Lake
Champlain
Kentucky
Lake
Keystone
La
ke
L
a
k
e
T
e
x
o
m
a
T
o
le
do
B
e
n
d
R
e
s
e
r
v
o
ir
Chesapeake
Bay
L
o
n
gIs
la
n
dS
o
u
n
d
Delaware
Bay
L
ake
O
k
e
e
c
h
o
b
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e
L
a
k
e
S
u
p
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r
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r
L
a
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i
c
h
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g
a
n
L
a
k
e
O
n
t
a
r
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o
L
a
k
e
E
r
i
e
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Huron
S
t
r
a
i
t
s
o
f
F
l
o
r
i
d
a
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
M
IN
N
E
S
O
T
A
IO
W
A
M
ISSOURI
ILLINOIS
IN
D
IA
N
A
OHIO
WEST
VIRGINIA
V
IR
G
IN
IA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEW YORK
DE
M
D
NJ
MAINE
MA
CT
RI
VT
N
H
K
E
N
T
U
C
K
Y
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH
CAROLINA
W
IS
C
O
N
S
IN
ARKANSAS
LOUISIANA
M
ISSISS
IPPI
ALABAMA
GE
O
RGIA
F
L
O
R
ID
A
TENNESSEE
M
I
C
H
I
G
A
N
CANADA
THE BAHAMAS
N
S
W
E
National capital
State capitals
Other cities
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 100 200 Miles
0 100 200 Kilometers
ATLAS R3
ATLAS
C
o
l
u
m
b
i
a
R
i
v
e
r
S
n
a
k
e
R
i
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l
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i
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a
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d
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R
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R
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o
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r
a
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R
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o
G
r
a
n
d
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P
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c
o
s
R
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C
a
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a
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a
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M
i
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s
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R
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a
c
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R
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a
n
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o
a
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River
S
a
l
m
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R
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u
a
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a
m
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s
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r
G
reat
Salt
Lake
U
tah
Lake
Lake
P
o
w
e
ll
Am
ista
d
R
eservoir
Fra
nklin D.
Roose
velt La
ke
Pend
Oreille
Flathead Lake
Yellow
st
one
L
a
ke
Fort Pec
k
Lake
L
ake
Sakakawea
Lake
Oahe
G
oose
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Pyrami
d
Lake
Lake Tahoe
L
a
k
e
M
e
a
d
S
a
lton
S
e
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S
a
nF
r
a
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c
is
c
oB
a
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M
onterey
Bay
G
ulf of
California
P
u
g
e
t
S
ou
n
d
Channel Islands
Cape
M
endocino
P
a
dre
Is
land
B
la
c
k
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ills
B
i
g
h
o
r
n
M
t
s
.
Wind
R
iver
Range
Grand
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F
r
o
n
t
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a
n
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e
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i
t
t
e
r
r
o
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t
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g
e
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River
Mts.
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aw
tooth
M
ts.
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o
l
u
m
b
i
a
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l
a
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e
a
u
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s
a
t
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h
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n
g
e
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M
o
j
a
v
e
D
e
s
ert
Imperial
Valley
S
a
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u
i
s
V
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lle
y
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a
n
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r
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e
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S
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D
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L
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13,804 ft.
(4,207 m
)
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.
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(
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PACIFIC
OCEAN
CANADA
MEXICO
125˚W
120
˚W
125˚W
45˚N
3
0
˚N
3
5
˚
N
40˚N
P
A
C
IF
IC
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C
E
A
N
ARCTIC OCEAN
Bering Sea
B
e
r
i
n
g
S
t
r
a
i
t
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u
k
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n
R
i
v
e
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r
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t
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e
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slan
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atthew
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t
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pelago
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k
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n
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N
A
D
A
R
USSIA
160°W
170°W
170°
E
50°N
55°N
180°
55°N
1
5
0
°W
140°W
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
M
ount McKinley
20,320 ft.
(6,194 m
)
A
L
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S
K
A
R
A
N
G
E
B
R
O
O
K
S
R
A
N
G
E
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Albers Equal Area
N
S
W
E
22°N
19°N
160°W
155°W
PACIFIC
OCEAN
M
a
u
n
a
K
e
a
1
3
,7
9
6 ft.
(4
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0
6m
)
Molokai
Kauai
Niihau
Kahoolawe
Lanai
Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
H
A
W
A
II
0 75 150 Miles
0 75 150 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
To understand the relative locations of Alaska and Hawaii,
as well as the vast distances separating them from the rest
of the United States, see the world map.
R4 ATLAS
The United States of America: Physical
ATLAS
C
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L
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Bay
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Pa
ml
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t
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f
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d
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e
lta
The
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lades
O
k
e
f
enokee
S
wamp
Isle
Royale
C
ape H
a
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ra
s
Long Island
Cape Cod
Cape
Canaveral
C
h
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r
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s
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t
s
.
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e
M
ts
.
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k
ill
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.
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M
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C
u
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b
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t
a
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t
s
.
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s
a
b
i
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a
n
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e
A
P
P
A
L
A
C
H
I
A
N
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
O
R
P
L
A
I
N
S
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L
F
C
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A
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A
L
P
L
A
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N
P
I
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D
M
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A
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P
L
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D
A
P
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N
I
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A
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N
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P
L
A
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A
U
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
CANADA
THE BAHAMAS
9
0˚W
95˚W
8
0˚
W
85˚W
70˚W
75˚W
25˚N
4
0
˚N
35˚N
25˚N
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 100 200 Miles
0 100 200 Kilometers
4,000
2,000
500
200
0 (Sea level)
Below
sea level
13,120
6,560
1,640
656
(Sea level) 0
Below
sea level
Feet Meters
ELEVATION
ATLAS R5
ATLAS
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
Arctic
40°S
60°S
20°S
0°
20°N
40°N
60°N
Equator
1
60°W
1
4
0
°W
120°W
100°W
80°
W
60°W
40°W
2
0°W
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle
Mexico
City
Washington,
D.C.
Chicago
Vancouver
Toronto
New York City
Ottawa
Montreal
Houston
Quito
Bogotá
Paramaribo
Georgetown
Caracas
Los Angeles
Winnipeg
Brasília
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
Montevideo
Asunción
Buenos
Aires
Santiago
Sucre
La Paz
Lima
Nouakchott
Dakar
Bamako
Casablanca
Rabat
Godthåb
Galápagos
Islands
(ECUADOR)
Bermuda
(U.K.)
Falkland
Islands
(U.K.)
South
Georgia
(U.K.)
South Sandwich
Islands
American
Samoa
Greenland
(DENMARK)
FRENCH GUIANA
(FRANCE)
WESTERN
SAHARA
(Sovereignty
Disputed)
A
l
e
u
t
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
ALASKA
(U.S.)
HAWAII
(U.S.)
CÔTE
D’IVOIRE
SIERRA
LEONE
LIBERIA
KIRIBATI
SAMOA
TONGA
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
ICELAND
CAPE VERDE
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
BOLIVIA
GUYANA
SURINAME
MALI
MAURITANIA
PERU
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
ARGENTINA
MOROCCO
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
PARAGUAY
CHILE
MEXICO
CANADA
UNITED
STATES
BRAZIL
NORTH
AMERICA
SOUTH
AMERICA
N
S
W
E
20°N
10°N
90°W
90°W
80°W
70°W
60°W
Tropic of Cancer
PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
CARIBBEAN SEA
GULF OF
MEXICO
Nassau
Havana
Port-au-Prince
Port-of-
Spain
Guatemala City
SanSalvador
San José
Belmopan
Tegucigalpa
Kingston
Santo
Domingo
Managua
Panama
City
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO
GUATEMALA
COSTA RICA
MEXICO
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
BELIZE
BAHAMAS
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
GUYANA
PANAMA
CUBA
JAMAICA
HAITI
EL SALVADOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FLORIDA
(U.S.)
Guadeloupe (FRANCE)
Martinique (FRANCE)
Puerto Rico
(U.S.)
Turks and Caicos Is.
(U.K.)
Cayman Is.
(U.K.)
Aruba
(NETHERLANDS)
Netherlands
Antilles
(NETHERLANDS)
Virgin Islands
(U.S. and U.K.)
0 200 400 Miles
0 200 400 Kilometers
Projection: Mercator
N
S
W
E
St. Johns
Basseterre
Roseau
Castries
Kingstown
Bridgetown
St. George’s
Antigua and Barbuda
St. Kitts and Nevis
Dominica
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
Barbados
Grenada
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COUNTRY CAPITAL
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Mollweide
0 500 1,000 Miles
0 500 1,000 Kilometers
World: Political
R6 ATLAS
ATLAS
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
INDIAN OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
20°S
0°
20
°N
40°N
60°N
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Circle
2
0
°E
4
0
°
E
60
°
E
80
°
E
100°
E
1
2
0
°
E
1
4
0
°
E
1
6
0
°
E
60°S
Luanda
Kinshasa
Niamey
Pretoria
Maputo
Harare
Gaborone
Windhoek
Lusaka
Johannesburg
Cape Town
Bloemfontein
Antananarivo
DaresSalaam
Dodoma
Sanaa
Asmara
Addis Ababa
Khartoum
N’Djamena
Ankara
Istanbul
Riyadh
Abuja
Nicosia
Jerusalem
Cairo
Damascus
Amman
Tripoli
Tunis
Algiers
Beirut
Lagos
Moscow
Chennai
(Madras)
Mumbai
(Bombay)
Calcutta
Dhaka
Astana
Almaty
Tashkent
Baku
Ulaanbaatar
Delhi
Kathmandu
New
Delhi
Karachi
Kabul
Islamabad
Muscat
Tehran
Ashgabat
Baghdad
Manila
Osaka
–
Yokohama
Tokyo
Chongqing
Wuhan
Guangzhou
Harbin
Tianjin
Beijing
Seoul
Nagoya
Shanghai
Taipei
Hanoi
Hong
Kong
Phnom Penh
Yangon
(Rangoon)
P’yongyang
Colombo
Jakarta
Ho Chi
Minh City
Kuala
Lumpur
Singapore
Surabaya
Bangkok
Melbourne
Canberra
Sydney
Wellington
Port Moresby
Nairobi
˘
New Caledonia
(FRANCE)
Guam (U.S.)
Northern
Mariana
(U.S.)
Réunion
(FRANCE)
CABINDA
(ANGOLA)
Tasmania
ERITREA
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
THAILAND
LAOS
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
QATAR
ISRAEL
JORDAN
AZERBAIJAN
UZBEKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN
KUWAIT
BAHRAIN
OMAN
AFGHANISTAN
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
SYRIA
TAIWAN
EQUA–
TORIAL
GUINEA
A
NORTH
KOREA
SOUTH
KOREA
BRUNEI
SINGAPORE
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
MALDIVES
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
MARSHALL
ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
TUVALU
KIRIBATI
NAURU
PALAU
EAST TIMOR
VANUATU
FIJI
MOZAMBIQUE
KENYA
JAPAN
MALAYSIA
DJIBOUTI
CYPRUS
UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES
TOGO
LEBANON
ARMENIA
SÃO TOMÉ
AND
PRINCIPE
BENIN
SEYCHELLES
MAURITIUS
COMOROS
MADAGASCAR
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
MALAWI
BURUNDI
RWANDA
UGANDA
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE
CONGO
REP.
OF THE
CONGO
GABON
CAMEROON
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
SRI
LANKA
IRAQ
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
PAKISTAN
PHILIPPINES
ALGERIA
TANZANIA
ZAMBIA
NAMIBIA
YEMEN
OMAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
TUNISIA
TURKEY
GEORGIA
NEPAL
EGYPT
LIBYA
ETHIOPIA
NIGERIA
SUDAN
NIGER
CHAD
MONGOLIA
INDONESIA
SOMALIA
ANGOLA
SOUTH
AFRICA
IRAN
NEW
ZEALAND
AUSTRALIA
INDIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
RUSSIA
ANTARCTICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
ASIA
Lisbon
Reykjavik
Dublin
Budapest
Oslo
Madrid
Paris
Bern
London
The Hague
Amsterdam
Copenhagen
Stockholm
Helsinki
St. Petersburg
Brussels
Vienna
Bucharest
Sofia
Rome
Moscow
Minsk
Kiev
Tiranë
Chis
¸ina˘u
Athens
Warsaw
Berlin
50°N
40°N
60°N
Arctic
Circle
0°
1
0
°
E
2
0
°
E
30
°
E
40
°
E
10
°
W
50
°E
60
°
E
8
0
°E
BLACK SEA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
NORTH
SEA
Corsica
(FRANCE)
Sardinia
(ITALY)
Balearic
Is.
(SPAIN)
Sicily
Crete
Gibraltar
(U.K.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
VATICAN CITY
SAN MARINO
ALBANIA
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM
LUXEMBOURG
SWITZERLAND
DENMARK
LIECHTENSTEIN
MONACO
ANDORRA
MALTA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
IRELAND
BULGARIA
PORTUGAL
GREECE
SWEDEN
FINLAND
GERMANY
ITALY
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
NORWAY
ICELAND
POLAND
BELARUS
UNITED
KINGDOM
UKRAINE
FRANCE
RUSSIA
SPAIN
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
Projection: Mollweide
N
S
W
E
Prague
Bratislava
Ljubljana
Zagreb
Sarajevo
Skopje
Belgrade
Vilnius
Riga
Tallinn
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
COUNTRY CAPITAL
HRW World History
wh06se_atlmap001a
World: Political
APPROVED – 12/16/04
ATLAS R7
ATLAS
North Pole
60°N
70°N
80°N
80°N
70°N
60°N
1
0°W
10°E
20°W
30
°
W
4
0°W
50°W
80°W
9
0
°
W
10
0
°W
1
3
0
°W
120°W
110°W
1
4
0
°W
150°W
160°W
170°W
170°
E
160°E
180°
0°
10°N
20°N
3
0°N
40°N
5
0
°N
50°N
40°N
30
°N
2
0
°N
0° E
q
u
ato
r
10
°N
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
n
c
e
r
PACIFIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ARCTIC OCEAN
CaribbeanSea
Labrador
Sea
B
eau
fo
r
t
S
ea
Bering
Sea
Gulf o
f
Alaska
Hudso
n
Bay
Baffin
Bay
G
u
l
f
o
f
C
a
l
i
f
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r
n
i
a
Gulf of
Mexico
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f
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t.
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awre
n
c
e
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e
r
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n
g
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t
r
a
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t
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v
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r
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u
d
s
o
n
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t
r
a
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t
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e
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m
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r
k
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a
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eat
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Lake
Lake
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peg
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a
k
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n
t
a
rio
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Lake
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a
k
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ic
h
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g
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n
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a
k
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ri
e
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t
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r
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reat
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lave
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e
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u
k
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z
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e
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n
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i
o
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r
a
n
d
e
P
a
n
a
m
a
C
a
n
a
l
A
r
u
b
a
(
NE
T
H
E
R
L
AND
S
)
Nethe
rl
a
nds
Anti
lle
s
(N
ET
HERLA
N
DS)
Puerto Rico
(
U
.
S
.
)
M
artin
iq
ue
(
F
R
A
N
C
E
)
V
irg
in I
s
.
(U
.S
.
,U
.K
.
)
G
u
a
d
e
lo
u
p
e
(
F
R
A
N
CE
)
C
aymanIs.
(U
.
K.
)
Turks and Caicos
Islands
(
U
.K
.
)
St. Pie
rre and
Miquelo
n
(
F
R
A
N
C
E
)
B
erm
u
d
a
(U
.K.)
Que
en
Charlotte
Islands
B
a
f
f
i
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
V
i
c
to
r
ia
Is
la
n
d
B
a
n
k
s
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n
d
St.
L
a
wrence
Island
Kodiak
Island
Nunivak
Island
Point
Barrow
Queen
Eli
zabeth
Islands
C
ape
F
a
re
w
e
ll
N
e
w
fo
u
n
d
la
n
d
C
oats
Island
M
a
n
s
e
l
Is
l
a
n
d
South
ampton
Isl
and
Anticost
i
Island
Cape C
od
C
a
p
e
H
a
tte
r
a
s
Ca
pe Canaver
al
F
lo
r
id
a
K
ey
s
Prince
Edward
Island
Cape
B
r
eton
Island
E
l
l
e
s
m
e
r
e
I
s
l
a
n
d
A
l
e
x
a
n
d
e
r
A
r
c
h
i
p
e
l
a
g
o
Vancouver
Island
C
a
p
e
M
endoci
no
New
Yor
kCi
t
y
Chi
cag
o
Mexic
o
City
Los Angel
es
Housto
n
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a
n
to
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o
m
i
n
g
o
B
irm
in
g
h
a
m
T
iju
a
n
a
M
érida
Belmop
an
Panama City
Managua
T
eg
ucigalpa
Austin
N
a
ssa
u
K
in
g
s
ton
Salt Lake
City
Denver
M
em
phis
Jackso
nville
A
n
c
h
o
ra
g
e
Juneau
N
ew O
r
leans
S
a
nJ
o
sé
S
a
n
A
n
to
n
io
In
d
ia
n
a
p
o
lis
Kansas City
C
olumb
u
s
Po
r
tland
M
i
lw
a
u
k
e
e
P
o
rt-au
-
Prince
Phoenix
A
tl
a
n
ta
B
osto
n
Q
u
e
b
e
c
Calgary
Edmonton
O
ttaw
a
Vancouver
W
innipeg
W
a
shington, D.C.
S
e
a
tt
le
S
a
nFra
n
c
is
c
o
San
Jose
M
iami
Monterrey
Gu
a
d
a
laja
ra
Puebla
G
u
a
te
m
a
la C
it
y
SanSalvador
Ha
v
ana
San
Juan
B
altim
o
r
e
N
o
rfo
lk
Minneapolis
S
t. Louis
Cleveland
San Diego
P
h
i
la
d
e
lp
h
i
a
Montreal
T
o
ro
n
to
D
e
tr
o
it
Dallas
ALASKA
(U.S.)
G
re
e
n
land
(D
E
N
M
A
R
K
)
MEXICO
BELIZE
G
UATEM
ALA
HON
DUR
A
S
EL SAL
VADOR
NI
CARAGUA
COSTA
RICA
PANAMA
JAMA
IC
A
HAITI
DOM
INICAN
REPU
BLIC
C
UBA
THE
BAHAMAS
CANADA
U
N
I
T
E
D
S
T
A
T
E
S
D
O
M
I
N
I
CA
ST
.LUCIA
ST. V
I
N
CE
N
TAND
T
HE GRENADINE
S
GRENADA
TR
I
NI
D
AD AN
DTOB
A
G
O
ANT
I
GUA &
B
A
R
BUDA
B
A
R
B
A
D
O
S
ST. K
I
TTS
& NEVIS
I
CE
LAND
ASIA
EUROPE
S
O
U
T
H
A
M
E
R
I
C
A
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal EqualArea
0 300 600 Miles
0 300 600 Kilometers
ATLAS
R8 ATLAS
North America: Political
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
S
e
a
O
r
i
n
o
c
o
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
a
z
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
a
z
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
M
a
r
a
ñ
ó
n
R
i
v
e
r
U
c
a
y
a
l
i
R
i
v
e
r
R
í
o
d
e
l
a
P
l
a
t
a
U
r
u
g
u
a
y
R
i
v
e
r
S
ã
o
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
í
o
N
e
g
r
o
P
a
r
a
g
u
a
y
R
i
v
e
r
P
a
r
a
n
á
R
i
v
e
r
L
a
k
e
P
o
o
p
ó
Lake
Titicaca
La
k
e
M
a
ra
c
a
ib
o
Strait of
Magell
a
n
T
i
e
rra
d
e
l
Fu
e
g
o
S
o
u
th G
e
o
rg
ia
Isla
n
d
(U.K
.)
Juan
Fernández
Islands
(
C
H
IL
E
)
Sa
n Félix Island
(CHILE)
San Ambrosio
Island
(CHILE)
Malpelo
Is
land
(COLOMBIA)
G
a
l
á
pag
o
s
Is
la
n
d
s
(
E
C
U
A
D
O
R
)
Falk
l
and
I
slands (U.
K
.
)
FRENCH
GUIANA
(FRANCE)
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAM
E
BRAZIL
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
CHILE
ARGENTINA
CENTRAL
AMERICA
70°W
60°W
50
°W
4
0
°W
30°W
20°W
80°W
90°W
1
0
0
°W
90°W
6
0
°W
7
0
°W
8
0
°
W
5
0
°W
4
0
°W
20°N
10°N
20°S
30°S
4
0
°S
5
0
°S
E
qu
a
t
o
r0
°
10°S
10°N
20°N
10°S
20°
S
30°S
4
0
°S
0° Equator
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
p
r
i
c
o
r
n
T
r
o
p
i
c
o
f
C
a
p
r
i
c
o
r
n
Caracas
Cartagena
Barranquilla
B
o
g
otá
C
a
li
M
edellín
Q
ui
to
Guayaquil
Lim
a
T
ru
jillo
Callao
A
re
q
u
ipa
Sucre
La Paz
B
u
en
o
sA
i
r
e
s
A
su
n
ció
n
Córdoba
Rosario
M
o
n
te
v
i
d
e
o
Santiago
V
a
lparaíso
Recife
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
Pô
rto A
legre
B
e
lo H
o
rizon
te
B
ra
s
ília
Salvador
Curitiba
Be
l
é
m
Cayenne
Georgetown
Paramaribo
C
ampinas
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal EqualArea
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
ATLAS R9
South America: Political
ATLAS
60°N
70°N
4
0
°N
50°N
70°N
A
rc
tic
C
ir
c
le
20°E
30
°E
3
0
°W
3
0
°W
4
0
°W
20°W
10°W
10°E
0
°
2
0°W
10°W
0°
30°E
2
0
°E
40
°E
5
0
°E
A
R
C
T
I
C
O
C
E
A
N
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
G
u
l
f
o
f
F
i
n
l
a
n
d
North
Sea
Black Se
a
B
a
l
t
i
c
S
e
a
A
e
g
e
a
n
S
e
a
G
u
l
f
o
f
B
o
t
h
n
i
a
White
S
ea
B
a
r
e
n
t
s
S
e
a
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Adriatic
Sea
C
a
s
p
i
a
n
S
e
a
Strait o
f
Gibral
tar
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Bayof
Biscay
Rho
n
e
R
iv
er
R
h
i
n
e
D
a
n
u
b
e
R
i
v
e
r
P
o
R
i
v
e
r
D
a
n
u
b
e
D
n
i
p
r
o
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
V
o
l
g
a
U
r
a
l
R
i
v
e
r
D
o
n
R
i
v
e
r
E
l
b
e
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
L
o
i
r
e
T
h
a
m
e
s
R
.
T
a
g
u
s
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
S
e
i
n
e
R
i
v
e
r
L
ake
Geneva
L
o
n
d
o
n
B
e
r
lin
M
oscow
S
t. Pete
rs
b
u
rg
M
a
drid
Barcelona
Milan
Rom
e
Ki
e
v
Paris
A
ndo
rra
l
a
V
e
l
la
At
hens
M
ona
co
Mu
nich
V
ienna
Budapest
B
u
c
h
are
s
t
Naples
H
a
m
b
u
r
g
Warsaw
Minsk
Pr
ag
u
e
Sofia
B
elg
r
a
d
e
Nizhny Novgorod
Liverpool
B
elfa
s
t
Br
ussel
s
A
msterdam
Co
logne
The
H
ague
Lyon
M
a
rseille
Lisb
on
Valencia
S
e
vil
le
C
o
p
en
h
a
ge
n
K
r
a
k
o
w
Stockholm
H
e
l
s
in
k
i
Rig
a
Dublin
Reykjavík
E
d
in
b
u
rg
h
Vaduz
D
resden
Br
a
tisla
v
a
San
Marino
S
k
o
p
j
e
G
ö
te
b
o
rg
Oslo
V
iln
iu
s
Tallinn
Bern
L
u
x
e
m
b
o
u
r
g
Bon
n
L
ju
b
lja
na
Sar
a
je
v
o
Tiranë
V
al
letta
B
e
rg
en
Z
a
g
re
b
C
h
is
ina
u
˘
Gibralt
a
r
(U
.K.)
A
S
IA
SOUTHWEST
ASIA
AFRICA
ICELAND
IRELAND
SPAIN
FRANCE
ANDORRA
V
A
T
ICAN
CITY
ITALY
GERMANY
BE
L
GI
UM
L
U
X
E
M
B
O
U
R
G
POLAND
C
ZECH
R
EP
UBLIC
SLOVAKIA
HUNGARY
CROAT
IA
BOSNIA
A
ND
HERZE
G
OVINA
AUSTRIA
SLO
VE
NIA
S
ERBIA
A
ND
MONTENEGRO
ALBA
NIA
GREECE
R
O
M
ANIA
BULGARIA
MOLDOV
A
UKRAINE
RUSSIA
BEL
ARUS
RUSSIA
NORWAY
S
WEDEN
FINLAND
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
MONACO
LIECHTENSTEIN
THE
NETHERLANDS
SAN
MARINO
MALTA
PORTUG
A
L
SWIT
ZE
RLAND
MACED
ONIA
D
ENMARK
U
N
I
T
E
D
K
I
N
G
D
O
M
S
C
O
T
L
A
N
D
W
A
L
E
S
ENGL
AND
NORTHERN
IRELAND
Faero
e
Island
s
(D
EN
M
A
R
K
)
Shetland
Islan
ds
Channel Islands
(U.K.)
C
o
r
s
ica
(FRANCE)
Sar
dinia
(
ITA
LY
)
Balearic Islands
(
S
P
AIN)
Sicily
Crete
R
h
o
d
es
British
Isle
s
U
R
A
L
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
P
Y
R
E
N
E
E
S
A
L
P
S
North Cape
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal Equal Area
0 150 300 Miles
0 150 300 Kilometers
ATLAS
R10 ATLAS
Europe: Political
5
0°
N
6
0
°N
7
0
°N
8
0
°N
40°N
10°S
0° E
q
uator
E
qu
a
t
or 0°
10
°N
30°N
4
0°
N
60°N
70°N
80°
N
50°
N
2
0
°N
10°
S
10°W
10°E
20°E
30°E
40
°E
5
0
°E
6
0
°E
70°E
8
0
°E
100°E
110 °E
1
2
0
°E
1
30°E
140°E
150°E
160°E
17
0
°E
18
0
°
90°E
0°
10
°E
20°E
50°
E
60°E
70
°E
8
0
°E
9
0
°E
100°E
130°E
140
°E
150
°
E
18
0
°
170°E
170°W
12
0°E
1
10
°E
A
r
c
t
i
c
C
i
r
c
l
e
T
rop
ic of
Cancer
PACIFIC
OCEAN
I
N
D
I
A
N
O
C
E
A
N
B
arents
Sea
Kar
a
Se
a
Laptev
Sea
Beri
n
g
Se
a
Se
a of
Okhotsk
Y
ellow
Sea
Yellow
Sea
East
C
hina
S
ea
Celebes
Sea
Java S
ea
A
r
afura Se
a
Gu
lf of
T
h
a
i
land
Andama
n
Sea
Arab
i
an
Sea
Red Sea
A
r
al
S
ea
South
China
Sea
P
e
r
s
i
a
n
G
u
l
f
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
C
a
s
p
i
a
n
S
e
a
B
l
a
c
k
S
e
a
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Bayof
Bengal
Luz
on S
trait
M
e
k
o
n
g
R
i
v
e
r
C
h
a
n
g
J
i
a
n
g
(
Y
a
n
g
z
i
R
i
v
e
r
)
I
r
t
y
s
h
L
e
n
a
R
i
v
e
r
Y
e
n
i
s
e
y
R
i
v
e
r
L
a
k
e
B
a
y
k
a
l
Lake
Balkhash
H
u
a
n
g
H
e
(
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
i
v
e
r
)
A
n
g
a
r
a
R
i
v
e
r
I
r
r
a
w
a
d
d
y
R
i
v
e
r
O
b
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
T
i
g
r
i
s
E
u
p
h
r
a
t
e
s
R
i
v
e
r
I
n
d
u
s
G
a
n
g
e
s
R
i
v
e
r
N
u
R
i
v
e
r
B
r
a
h
m
a
p
u
t
r
a
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
u
r
U
r
a
l
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
U
R
A
L
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
S
Sakhalin
Island
K
u
r
i
l
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
A
l
e
u
t
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
S
o
c
o
t
r
a
(Y
E
M
E
N
)
Laksh
adw
eep
Is
l
and
s
(
IN
D
IA
)
Andaman
Islands
(INDIA)
H
ai
n
an
(C
H
IN
A)
Nicobar Islands
(INDIA)
Ryukyu Isl
ands
(JA
PAN
)
(
R
U
S
S
I
A
)
N
e
wG
uin
e
a
G
r
e
a
t
W
a
l
l
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
Moscow
Izmir
Ista
nbul
Ankara
Nicosia
Aleppo
Beirut
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
Basra
Baku
Baghdad
Mosul
Amm
an
Damas
c
u
s
Kuwait City
Jidda
Riyadh
Doh
a
Abu Dhabi
Masqat
(Muscat)
Mecca
Sanaa
Manama
Tabriz
Yerevan
T’bilisi
Isfahan
S
hi
r
az
M
ashhad
Tehran
Kara chi
Lahore
Faisalabad
Delhi
Ahmadabad
Kabul
A
lmaty
Astana
Tashkent
Ashgabat
Islamabad
New
Delhi
Dushanb
e
B
ishkek
Yekaterinburg
C
helyabinsk
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Yakutsk
Irkutsk
Vladivostok
Mumbai
(
Bombay)
Chen
n
ai
(Madras)
Ba
ngalore
Colombo
Male
Kolkata
(Calcutta)
Chittagong
Dhaka
Thimphu
K
athmandu
Yangon
(Rangoon)
Bang
k
ok
Ho Chi Minh City
Singapore
Phnom
P
e
n
h
Hanoi
Kuala Lumpur
Medan
B
andar Ser
i
Begawan
Vient
i
ane
Mandalay
J
a
karta
Ujung Pandang
Bandung
Surabaya
Semarang
Manila
Taipei
Hong Ko
ng
M
acao
Beijing
Sh
a
nghai
Wuh
a
n
Guangzhou
Qingdao
X
i'a
n
Chengdu
Nanjing
Cho
ngqing
Changchun
Harbin
Dalian
Fushun
Hiroshima
Sapporo
Kyoto
Nagoya
Nagasaki
Yokoh
ama
O
sak
a
Tokyo
J
a
ipu
r
Hyderabad
Nagpur
Bho
pal
U
laanbaatar
Pusa
n
S
eo
ul
P'yo
ngyang
˘
I
N
D
O
N
E
S
I
A
RUSSIA
MONGOLIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
T
URKMENISTAN
TURKEY
CYPRUS
LEB
A
NON
ISR
A
E
L
JORDAN
SYRIA
IRAQ
ARMENIA
GEORGIA
RUSSI
A
IRA
N
SAUDI
ARABIA
KUWA
IT
AZERB
AIJAN
B
AHRAIN
QATAR
UNIT
E
D
ARAB
EMIRATE
S
OMAN
YEMEN
AFGHANIST
AN
PAKIS
T
AN
TAJIK
IS
T
AN
KYRG
Y
Z
S
T
A
N
INDIA
SRI
LANKA
MALDIVE
S
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
M
YANMAR
(BURMA)
LAOS
THAILAND
VIETNAM
CAMBODIA
MALAYSI
A
SINGAPORE
BRUNEI
PHILIPPIN
ES
EAST TIMO
R
JAPAN
N
ORTH KOREA
SOUTH
KOREA
TAIWAN
NEPAL
AFRICA
A
U
STRALIA
E
U
R
O
P
E
North Pole
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Two-Point Equidistant
0 250 500 750 Miles
0 250 500 750 Kilometers
ATLAS R11
ATLAS
Asia: Political
Suez Canal
Lake
N
asser
Lake
Chad
Lake
Victoria
Lake
Tanganyika
Lake Malawi
(Nyasa)
C
o
n
g
o
R
i
v
e
r
N
i
g
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
O
r
a
n
g
e
R
i
v
e
r
B
l
u
e
N
i
l
e
N
i
l
e
R
i
v
e
r
W
h
i
t
e
N
i
l
e
Z
a
m
b
e
z
i
R
i
v
e
r
Strait of
Gibraltar
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
Gulf of
Guinea
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
Red Sea
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
INDIAN
OCEAN
Pemba
Zanzibar
CABINDA
(ANGOLA)
W
ES
TER
N
SAHARA
(C
laim
ed b
y
M
or
o
cco)
M
a
d
e
ir
a
(P
O
R
T
U
G
A
L
)
Azores
(PORTUGAL)
R
é
u
n
i
o
n
(F
R
A
N
C
E
)
Canary Isl
ands
(SPAIN)
St. Helen
a
(
U
.K.)
EUROPE
SO
U
TH
W
ES
T
A
SIA
MOROCCO
TUNISIA
ALGE
RIA
M
A
U
R
ITA
N
IA
GAMBI
A
C
A
P
E
V
E
R
D
E
LIBERIA
C
Ô
T
E
D
’
IV
O
IR
E
GUINEA
SENEGAL
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
G
U
IN
E
A
-
B
IS
S
A
U
S
I
ERRA LEONE
BENIN
NIGERIA
TOGO
M
A
LI
LIBYA
SUDAN
CHAD
NIGER
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
UGANDA
GABON
REPUBLIC
OF THE
CONGO
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
C
O
MOR
O
S
BOTSWANA
S
O
U
T
H
A
FRIC
A
LESOTHO
S
W
A
Z
ILA
ND
MADAGASCAR
SEYCHELLES
ZIMBABWE
CAMEROON
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
EGYPT
ETHIOPIA
TANZANIA
BURUNDI
RWANDA
KENYA
ERITREA
DJIBOUTI
S
O
M
A
L
I
A
M
O
Z
A
M
B
I
Q
U
E
MAURITIUS
R
a
b
a
t
C
a
sa
b
l
a
nc
a
Al
g
i
ers
Tunis
Tripoli
Alexandria
Cairo
G
iza
Addis Ababa
Djib
o
u
ti
Mogadishu
V
ic
to
r
ia
Nairobi
Mombasa
DaresSalaam
Kampala
Kigali
Bujumbura
Kinshasa
Lubumbashi
Kisangani
Brazzaville
Bangui
Libreville
Yaoundé
Malabo
São Tomé
N’Djamena
Abuja
Lagos
Porto-
Novo
B
a
m
a
k
o
Niamey
Ouagadougou
Nouakchott
E
lA
a
iú
n
D
a
k
a
r
B
a
n
ju
l
Praia
C
o
n
a
kry
B
is
s
a
u
Freetow
n
Abidjan
M
onrovia
Yam
oussoukro
Accra
Lomé
Lusaka
Lilongwe
Harare
Bulawayo
P
o
rt Louis
Antananarivo
M
a
p
u
t
o
Pretoria
Mbabane
Johannesburg
C
a
p
eT
o
w
n
Maseru
Gaborone
Windhoek
Luanda
Dodoma
M
oron
i
Khartoum
Asm
ara
Bloemfontein
40°N
10
°W
2
0
°W
30°
W
30°N
2
0°N
10°N
1
0
°S
20°
S
30°
S
40°S
30°W
20°
W
1
0
°W
0°
10°E
2
0°E
30°E
40°E
50°E
60°E
40°S
30
°S
10°S
Equator 0°
1
0°N
T
ro
p
ic o
f
C
a
p
ri
c
orn
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
0° Equator
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Azimuthal Equal Area
0 250 500 Miles
0 250 500 Kilometers
R12 ATLAS
ATLAS
Africa: Political
135 E
150 E
165 E
65°W
50 W
35°W
180°
20°W
120°E
135 E
150°E
165°E
180°
165°W
150°W
135 W
120 W
15°N
30°N
Equator 0°
15°S
Tropic of Capricorn
15°N
Tropic of Cancer
30°N
30°S
45°S
0°
15°S
30°S
45°S
D
a
r
l
i
n
g
R
.
F
l
i
n
d
e
r
s
R
.
M
u
r
r
a
y
R
.
L
a
c
h
l
a
n
R
.
INDIAN OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
South
China
Sea
Philippine
Sea
Arafura
Sea
Timor
Sea
Tasma n
Sea
Coral
Sea
Truk Is.
Eniwetok I.
Kwajalein Island
GuadalcanalI.
Rarotonga
Island
Manihiki
Island
Phoenix
Islands
Tahiti
(FRANCE)
Marquesas
Islands
(FRANCE)
Society
Islands
(FRANCE)
Rapa Island
(FRANCE)
Tubuai Islands
(FRANCE)
Tuamotu
Archipelago
(FRANCE)
Pitcairn
Island
Ducie
Island
Easter Island
(CHILE)
Starbuck
Island
Fanning
Island
Washington
Island
McKeanI.
Malekula I.
Espiritu Santo I.
Bismarck
Archipelago
Loyalty
Islands
(FRANCE)
Gardner
I.
Gilbert
Islands
New
Guinea
Northern
Marianas
(U.S.)
Bonin Islands
(JAPAN)
Volcano Islands
(JAPAN)
Guam
(U.S.)
Kermadec
Islands
(N.Z.)
Norfolk
Island
(AUSTRALIA)
Niue
(N.Z.)
Wallis &
Futuna (FR.)
Tokelau (N.Z.)
Jarvis I.
(U.S.)
Baker I. (U.S.)
Palmyra Island (U.S.)
Pitcairn (U.K.)
Howland I.
(U.S.)
Christmas
Island
(AUSTRALIA)
Cook
Islands
(NEW ZEALAND)
American
Samoa
Hawaii
(U.S.)
Johnston
Island
(U.S.)
Kingman Reef
(U.S.)
Midway
Island
(U.S.)
Wake Island
(U.S.)
New
Caledonia
(FRANCE)
North
Island
South
Island
Chatham
Islands
(N.Z.)
Auckland Islands
(NEW ZEALAND)
Bounty
Islands
(N.Z.)
H
a
w
a
i
i
a
n
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
F
r
e
n
c
h
P
o
l
y
n
e
s
i
a
Palikir
Agana
Majuro
Tarawa
Papeete
Pago
Pago
Port-
Vila
Canberra
Wellington
Christchurch
Auckland
Sydney
Darwin
Brisbane
Melbourne
Adelaide
Perth
Hobart
Honiara
Port
Moresby
Suva
Nuku’alofa
Yaren
Koror
Apia
Noumea
Funafuti
M
E
L
A
N
E
S
I
A
MICRONESIA
POLYNESIA
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
AUSTRALIA
NEW
ZEALAND
NAURU
SOLOMON
PALAU
ISLANDS
VANUATU
FIJI
TUVALU
TONGA
SAMOA
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
ASIA
NORTH
AMERICA
International Date Line
N
S
W
E
Boundaries
Nationalcapitals
Other cities
Projection: Mercator
0 500 1,000 Miles
0 500 1,000 Kilometers
ATLAS R13
Australia and New Zealand: Political
ATLAS
120°W 119°W
118°W
121°W
122°W
3
2
°
N
3
3
°N
3
4
°N
3
5°
N
36°N
3
8
°N
3
9°N
40
°N
4
1
°N
42°N
3
7°N
123°W
124°W
PACIFIC OCEAN
Monterey Bay
San Diego Bay
San Francisco
Bay
S
a
n
t
a
B
a
r
b
a
r
a
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Humboldt
Bay
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
E
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
T
r
i
n
i
t
y
F
e
a
t
h
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
K
l
a
m
a
t
h
R
i
v
e
r
R
u
s
s
i
a
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
l
i
n
a
s
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
n
t
a
C
l
a
r
a
R
.
S
a
n
t
a
Y
n
e
z
R
i
v
e
r
P
i
t
R
i
v
e
r
Y
u
b
a
R
i
v
e
r
K
e
r
n
C
u
y
a
m
a
R
.
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
K
i
n
g
s
M
e
r
c
e
d
S
a
n
S
t
a
n
i
s
l
a
u
s
R
i
v
e
r
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
R
i
v
e
r
Salton
Sea
Lake
Tahoe
Pyramid
Lake
Shasta
Lake
Eagle
Lake
Clear
Lake
Lake
Berryessa
Mono Lake
San Luis
Reservoir
Lake
Nacimiento
Lake
Havasu
Lake
Mohave
Lake
Mead
Isabella
Lake
Pine Flat
Reservoir
Lake
McClure
Folsom
Lake
Lake
Oroville
Lake
Almanor
Clair
Engle
Lake
Goose
Lake
Farallon
Islands
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
I
s
l
a
n
d
s
Pt. Conception
Pt. Reyes
Pt. Arena
Cape
Mendocino
Mount Shasta
14,162 ft.
(4,317 m)
Lassen Peak
10,457 ft.
(3,187 m)
Highest Point:
Mount Whitney
14,494 ft.
(4,418 m)
Mount
Williamson
14,370 ft.
(4,380 m)
North Palisade Peak
14,242 ft.
(4,341 m)
White Mountain Peak
14,246 ft.
(4,342 m)
Mount Pinos
8,831 ft.
(2,692 m)
Lowest Point:
-282 ft.
(-86 m)
D
e
a
t
h
V
a
l
l
e
y
Mojave Desert
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
D
e
s
e
r
t
Imperial
Valley
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
C
o
a
s
t
C
a
s
c
a
d
e
R
a
n
g
e
C
o
a
s
t
R
a
n
g
e
s
R
a
n
g
e
s
Napa
Valley
Santa
Clara
Valley
V
a
l
l
e
y
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
V
a
l
l
e
y
C
o
a
c
h
e
l
l
a
V
a
l
l
e
y
T
e
m
b
l
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NEVADA
ARIZONA
OREGON IDAHO
MEXICO
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
4,000
2,000
500
200
0 (Sea level)
Below
sea level
13,120
6,560
1,640
656
(Sea level) 0
Below
sea level
Feet Meters
ELEVATION
R14 ATLAS
California: Physical
ATLAS
120°W 119°W
118°W
121°W
122°W
32°
N
3
3
°N
3
4
°
N
3
5
°
N
36°N
3
8°N
3
9
°N
40°
N
41°N
42°N
3
7
°N
123°W
124°W
PACIFIC OCEAN
S
a
n
J
o
a
q
u
i
n
R
i
v
e
r
S
a
c
r
a
m
e
n
t
o
R
i
v
e
r
C
o
l
o
r
a
d
o
R
i
v
e
r
Salton
Sea
Lake
Tahoe
Shasta
Lake
Mono
Lake
Goose
Lake
Redwood
National
Park
Lassen
Volcanic
Natl. Park
Yosemite
National
Park
Kings
Canyon
Natl.
Park
Sequoia
Natl. Park
Death
Valley
National
Park
Joshua Tree
Natl. Park
Channel Islands
Natl. Park
NEVADA
ARIZONA
OREGON IDAHO
MEXICO
Sonora
Crescent
City
Yreka
Needles
Blythe
Weaverville
Alturas
Quincy
Fort
Bragg
Willows
Colusa
Grass
Valley
Lakeport
Independence
Mariposa
Sonoma
Truckee
Downieville
Nevada
City
Auburn
Placerville
Jackson
San Andreas
Markleeville
Bridgeport
Atascadero
Ridgecrest
Barstow
Ventura
Santa Barbara
Porterville
Lompoc
Santa Maria
El Centro
Palm
Springs
Redwood City
Monterey
Hanford
Visalia
Tulare
San Luis
Obispo
Santa Cruz
Salinas
Hollister
Merced
Madera
Chico
Eureka
Redding
Red Bluff
Susanville
Ukiah
Petaluma
San Rafael
Fairfield
Woodland
Napa
Marysville
Oroville
South Lake Tahoe
Yuba City
Palmdale
Oxnard
Long Beach
Huntington Beach
Escondido
San Bernardino
Riverside
Anaheim
Santa Ana
Pasadena
Glendale
Bakersfield
Fresno
Oceanside
Stockton
Sacramento
Modesto
San Jose
Sunnyvale
Hayward
Oakland
Berkeley
Concord
Santa Rosa
Santa
Clarita
LOS ANGELES
SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO
N
S
W
E
Projection: Albers Equal Area
0 50 100 Miles
0 50 100 Kilometers
State boundary
International boundary
State capital
Other cities
ATLAS R15
California: Political
ATLAS
ATLAS
Executive Branch
Carries out the laws and policies of
state government
The Governor
■
Elected by voters to a four-year
term
■
Can serve two terms
■
Appoints officials and some
judges
■
Can veto whole laws or items of
laws passed by legislature
Lieutenant Governor
■
Elected along with governor, but
not as a running mate
■
Various jobs include replacing
governor should he or she leave
office
The Cabinet
■
Consists of officials appointed by
governor
■
Offers advice to governor on
specific areas of knowledge
Legislative Branch
Makes state laws
Bicameral System
■
Has two houses—State Senate
and Assembly
■
Both houses take part in law-
making
■
Legislature can override the
governor’s veto with a two-thirds
vote in both houses
The State Senate
■
40 senators
■
Serve four-year terms
■
Limited to two terms
The Assembly
■
80 Assembly members
■
Serve two-year terms
■
Limited to three terms
Judicial Branch
Decides conflicts and questions
about the law
Trial Courts
58 Superior Courts, one in each
county
Appellate Courts
■
Hear most appeals from lower
courts
■
Six district courts of appeals
■
Have at least three justices:
Appointed by governor then
confirmed by Commission
on Judicial Appointments
Approved by voters in next
election
Four-year terms
Supreme Court of California
■
Hears appeals of criminal cases
involving death penalty and
cases where state laws or state
constitution are found invalid
■
Has seven justices:
Appointed by governor then
confirmed by Commission
on Judicial Appointments
Approved by voters in next
election
12-year terms
California Go vernment
California Go vernors
R16 ATLAS
Peter Burnett (1849–1851)
John McDougall (1851–1852)
John Bigler (1852–1856)
J. Neeley Johnson (1856–1858)
John Weller (1858–1860)
Milton Latham (1860)
John Downey (1860–1862)
Leland Stanford (1862–1863)
Frederick Low (1863–1867)
Henry Haight (1867–1871)
Newton Booth (1871–1875)
Romualdo Pacheco (1875)
William Irwin (1875–1880)
George Perkins (1880–1883)
George Stoneman (1883–1887)
Washington Bartlett (1887)
Robert Waterman (1887–1891)
Henry Markham (1891–1895)
James Budd (1895–1899)
Henry Gage (1899–1903)
George Pardee (1903–1907)
James Gillett (1907–1911)
Hiram Johnson (1911–1917)
William Stephens (1917–1923)
Friend Richardson (1923–1927)
C. C. Young (1927–1931)
James Rolph (1931–1934)
Frank Merriam (1934–1939)
Culburt Olson (1939–1943)
Earl Warren (1943–1953)
Goodwin Knight (1953–1959)
Edmund G. “Pat” Brown (1959–1967)
Ronald Reagan (1967–1975)
Edmund G. “Jerry” Brown (1975–1983)
George Deukmejian (1983–1991)
Pete Wilson (1991–1999)
Gray Davis (1999–2003)
Arnold Schwarzenegger (2003– )
ATLAS
State tree California Redwood
State bird California valley quail
State marine animal Gray whale
State animal Grizzly bear
State reptile Desert tortoise
State flower Golden Poppy
Capital Sacramento
Year of Statehood 1850 (31st state)
Nickname The Golden State
Motto Eureka (I have found it.)
Song “I Love You, California”
Highest Elevation Mt. Whitney, 14,495 feet above sea level
Lowest Elevation Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level
Total Area 163,707 sq. miles
National Rank in Land Area 3
Total Coastline 840 miles
Largest City Los Angeles
Largest Lake Lake Tahoe
Number of Counties 58
Longest River Sacramento River
Population 35,484,453 (as of 2003)
National Rank in Population 1
Length (North to South) 770 miles
Width (East to West) 250 miles
California Facts
ATLAS R17
Golden
poppies
State flag
Death Valley, California
GAZETTEER
Gazetteer
R18 GAZETTEER
A
Africa Second-largest continent. Lies in both the
Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. p. 13
Alabama (AL) State in the southern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1819. Capital:
Montgomery. (33°N 87°W) p. 248
Alaska (AK) U.S. state in northwestern North
America. Purchased from Russia in 1867.
Became a territory in 1912. Admitted as a state
in 1959. Capital: Juneau. (64°N 150°W) p. 6
Albany Capital of New York. (42°N 74°W). p. 94
Appalachian Mountains Mountain system in eastern
North America that extends from Canada to
central Alabama. p. 61
Arctic Region around the North Pole including
Arctic Ocean, parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia
and Scandinavian countries. (90°N 0°E) p. 8
Arizona (AZ) State in the southwestern United
States. Organized into a territory in 1863.
Admitted as a state in 1912. Capital: Phoenix.
(34°N 113°W) p. 8
Arkansas (AR) State in the south-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1836. Capital:
Little Rock. (35°N 93°W) p. 26
Asia Largest continent. Occupies the same land
mass as Europe. p. 6
Atlanta Capital of Georgia. (33°N 84°W) p. 501
Atlantic Ocean Vast body of water separating North
and South America from Europe and Africa. p. 9
B
Baltimore Maryland city northeast of Washington,
D.C., on the Chesapeake Bay. (39°N 76°W)
p. 248
Bering Land Bridge Land bridge that once connected
what is now Alaska with Siberia. p. 6
Boston Capital of Massachusetts. (42°N 71°W)
p. 44
Brazil Republic in eastern South America. Capital:
Brasília. (10°S 55°W) p. 661
Buena Vista City in northeastern Mexico. (33°N
117°W) p. 321
Bull Run Creek in northeastern Virginia where the
Confederates won two major battles during the
Civil War. p. 479
Bunker Hill Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. Site of an
early Revolutionary War battle. p. 81
C
California (CA) State in the western United States.
Admitted as a state in 1850. Capital: Sacramento.
(38°N 121°W) p. 10
Canada Country in northern North America.
Capital: Ottawa. p. 6
Cape of Good Hope Southern tip of Africa. p. 15
Caribbean Sea Arm of the Atlantic Ocean between
North and South America. p. 9
Central America Region of land connecting North
and South America. p. 7
Charleston Port city in southeastern South
Carolina. Originally called Charles Town. (33°N
80°W) p. 40
Chesapeake Bay Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in
Virginia and Maryland. p. 39
Chicago Large U.S. city in northeastern Illinois on
Lake Michigan. Major port. (41°N 87°W) p. 358
China Country in East Asia with the world’s largest
population. Capital: Beijing. (Offi cial name:
People’s Republic of China) p. 13
Columbia River River in northwestern United
States and southwestern Canada. Forms part of
boundary between Oregon and Washington.
p. 238
Colorado (CO) State in the southwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1876. Capital:
Denver. (39°N 107°W) p. 8
Concord One of two northeastern Massachusetts
towns (along with Lexington) where the fi rst
fi ghting of the American Revolution took place
in 1775. (42°N 71°W) p. 79
Connecticut (CT) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Hartford.
(41°N 73°W) p. 46
Cuba Island-country in the Caribbean about 90
miles south of Florida. Capital: Havana. (22°N
79°W) p. 646
D
Delaware (DE) State in the eastern United States.
One of the original thirteen colonies. Admitted
as a state in 1787. Capital: Dover. (38°N 75°W)
p. 50
District of Columbia Federal district between
Maryland and Virginia where the capital of the
United States is located. (39°N 77°W) p. 202
GAZETTEER R19
GAZETTEER
E
Ecuador Republic in northwest South America.
Capital: Quito. (2°S 78°W) p. 8
England Region of the United Kingdom that makes
up most of the southern part of the island of
Great Britain. Capital: London. (51°N 1°W) p. 25
Erie Canal An early 1800s building project that
created a waterway between New York cities of
Albany, the capital, and Buffalo, on Lake Erie.
p. 264
Europe Continent occupying the same land mass
as Asia. p. 12
F
Florida (FL) State in the southeastern United States.
Organized as a territory in 1822. Admitted as a
state in 1845. Capital: Tallahassee. (30°N 84°W)
p. 21
Fort McHenry U.S. fort that guarded Baltimore,
Maryland. The British attacked the fort in the
War of 1812. p. 248
Fort Necessity Site where the French defeated
British colonists in 1754, in what was the fi rst
battle of the French and Indian War. p. 60
Fort Sumter Fort on Charleston Harbor, South
Carolina. Attack by Confederate forces here
began the Civil War. p. 473
France Country in Western Europe. Capital: Paris.
(46°N 0°W) p. 18
G
Georgia (GA) State in the southeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1788. One of the
original thirteen colonies. Capital: Atlanta.
(32°N 84°W) p. 40
Germany Country in Western Europe. Capital:
Berlin. (51°N 8°E) p. 24
Gettysburg Town in southern Pennsylvania. (40°N
77°W) p. 498
Great Basin Elevated region made up of parts of
California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and
Wyoming that was home to many American
Indian nations. p. 10
Great Britain Kingdom in western Europe that
includes England, Scotland, and Wales. p. 56
Great Lakes Chain of lakes located in central
North America and that extends across the
U.S.-Canada border. Includes Lake Superior,
Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake
Ontario. p. 17
Great Plains Region of central North America that
lies between the Mississippi River and the Rocky
Mountains p. 10
Gulf of Mexico Gulf on the southeastern coast of
North America, bordered by the United States,
Mexico, and Cuba. p. 7
H
Haiti Republic in the West Indies. Capital: Port-au-
Prince. (19°N 72°W) p. 235
Hartford Capital of Connecticut. (41°N 72°W)
p. 249
Hawaii (HI) U.S. state in the central Pacifi c Ocean
that is made up of the Hawaiian Islands.
Organized as a territory in 1900. Admitted as a
state in 1959. Capital: Honolulu. (20°N 157°W)
p. 642
Hispaniola Island that includes the countries of
Haiti and the Dominican Republic. p. 17
Hudson Bay Inland sea in east-central Canada.
Explored by Henry Hudson in 1610. p. 9
Hudson River River fl owing from northeastern to
southern New York. p. 27
I
Idaho (ID) State in the northwestern United States.
Admitted as a state in 1890. Capital: Boise.
(44°N 115°W) p. 326
Illinois (IL) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1818. Capital: Springfi eld.
(40°N 90°W) p. 97
India Large republic in southern Asia. Capital: New
Delhi. (28°N 77°E) p. 15
Indiana (IN) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1816. Capital:
Indianapolis. (40°N 86°W) p. 117
Indian Ocean Vast body of water east of Africa,
south of Asia, west of Australia, and north of
Antarctica. p. 14
Iowa (IA) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1846. Capital: Des
Moines. (42°N 94°W) p. 239
Ireland Island in the British Isles. Divided into
Northern Ireland (Capital: Belfast), and the
Republic of Ireland (Capital: Dublin). (54°N
8°W) p. 400
Italy Country in southern Europe. Capital: Rome.
(44°N 11°E) p. 12
Ecuador Italy
GAZETTEER
R20 GAZETTEER
J
Jamestown First successful English colony in North
America. Established in eastern Virginia in 1607.
p. 36
Japan Country in the Western Pacifi c Ocean.
Made up of a chain of islands. Capital: Tokyo.
(37°N 134°E) p. 15
K
Kansas (KS) State in the central United States.
Organized as a territory in 1854. Admitted as a
state in 1861. Capital: Topeka. (38°N 99°W)
p. 21
Kentucky (KY) State in the east-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1792. Capital:
Frankfort. (37°N 87°W) p. 234
L
Lake Erie One of the Great Lakes. Located in the
United States and Canada. p. 247
Latin America Spanish-speaking countries of North
and South America that were once claimed by
Spain or Portugal. p. 262
Lexington One of two northeastern Massachusetts
towns (along with Concord) where the fi rst
fi ghting of the American Revolution took place
in 1775. (42°N 71°W) p. 79
Liberia Country on the west coast of Africa. (6°N
10°W) p. 417
London Capital of the United Kingdom, in
England. (52°N 0°W) p. 42
Los Angeles Large city in southern California.
(34°N 118°W) p. 320
Louisiana (LA) State in the southeastern United States
carved out of the Louisiana Territory. Admitted as
a state in 1812. Capital: Baton Rouge. (31°N 92°W)
p. 484
M
Maine (ME) State in the northeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1820. Capital:
Augusta. (45°N 70°W) p. 267
Manhattan Island Island at the north end of New
York Bay. One of the fi ve boroughs that make
up New York City. p. 27
Maryland (MD) State in the east-central United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Annapolis.
(39°N 76°W) p. 39
Massachusetts (MA) State in the northeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Boston. (42°N 72°W) p. 43
Mediterranean Sea Large sea bordered by southern
Europe, Southwest Asia, and northern Africa.
p. 14
Mesoamerica Area from Mexico to North Central
America during pre-Spanish culture. p. 7
Mexico Country in southern North America.
Capital: Mexico City. p. 6
Michigan (MI) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1837. Capital:
Lansing. (46°N 87°W) p. 117
Minnesota (MN) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1858. Capital:
St. Paul. (46°N 90°W) p. 239
Mississippi (MS) State in the southeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1817. Capital:
Jackson. (32°N 89°W) p. 261
Mississippi River River that fl ows from Minnesota
south to the Gulf of Mexico. p. 8
Missouri (MO) State in the central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1821. Capital: Jefferson
City. (38°N 93°W) p. 239
Missouri River River that fl ows from southern
Montana and joins the Mississippi River. p. 8
Montana (MT) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Helena. (47°N 112°W) p. 239
Montreal City in southeastern Canada founded by
the French in 1642. (46°N 74°W) p. 17
N
Nebraska (NE) State in the central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1867. Capital: Lincoln.
(41°N 101°W) p. 239
Netherlands Country in northwestern Europe.
Capital: Amsterdam. (52°N 5°E) p. 25
Nevada (NV) State in the western United States.
Organized as a territory in 1861. Admitted as
a state in 1864. Capital: Carson City. (39°N
117°W) p. 318
New Amsterdam Dutch settlement on the island of
Manhattan. Founded in 1626. p. 24
New England Northeastern section of the United
States. Made up of Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont. p. 44
Jamestown New England
GAZETTEER
New Hampshire (NH) State in the northeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Concord. (44°N 71°W) p. 47
New Jersey (NJ) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1787. Capital: Trenton.
(40°N 75°W) p. 49
New Mexico (NM) State in the southwestern
United States. Admitted as a state in 1912.
Capital: Santa Fe. (34°N 107°W) p. 8
New Orleans Port city in southeastern Louisiana.
(30°N 90°W) p. 26
New Spain Vast area of North America controlled
by Spain. p. 22
New Sweden Swedish colony in North America
that was located along the Delaware River. p. 27
New York (NY) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital: Albany.
(42°N 78°W) p. 18
New York City Largest city in the United States.
(41°N 74°W) p. 51
Nicaragua Republic in Central America. Capital:
Managua. (13°N 85°W) p. 657
North America Continent in the northern Western
Hemisphere. p. 6
North Carolina (NC) State in the southeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1789. Capital:
Raleigh. (35°N 81°W) p. 21
North Dakota (ND) State in the north-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Bismarck. (47°N 102°W) p. 239
O
Ohio (OH) State in the north-central United States.
Admitted as a state in 1803. Capital: Columbus.
(40°N 83°W) p. 117
Ohio River River that fl ows from southwestern
Pennsylvania west to join the Mississippi
River, forming the Ohio–West Virginia,
Ohio–Kentucky, Indiana–Kentucky, and
Illinois–Kentucky boundaries. p. 8
Oklahoma (OK) State in the south-central United
States. Organized as a territory in 1890.
Admitted as a state in 1907. Capital: Oklahoma
City. (36°N 98°W) p. 239
Oregon (OR) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1859. Capital:
Salem. (43°N 122°W) p. 317
P
Paci c Ocean Body of water extending from the
Arctic Circle to Antarctica and from western
North and South America to Australia, the
Malay Archipelago, and East Asia. p. 9
Panama Country in southern Central America.
Location of the Panama Canal. Capital: Panama
City. (8°N 81°W) p. 17
Pennsylvania (PA) State in the eastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1787. Capital: Harrisburg.
(41°N 78°W) p. 50
Peru Country in western South America. Capital:
Lima (10°S 75°W) p. 22
Philadelphia City in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800.
(40°N 75°W) p. 50
Philippines Country in the western Pacifi c Ocean.
Made up of about 7,100 islands. Capital: Manila.
(14°N 125°E) p. 648
Plymouth Site in Massachusetts where the Pilgrims
fi rst landed in North America in 1620. (42°N
70°W) p. 43
Portugal Country in southwestern Europe on the
western Iberian Peninsula. (38°N 8°W) p. 14
Providence Capital of Rhode Island. (42°N 71°W)
p. 46
Puerto Rico Island east of Cuba and southeast of
Florida. A U.S. territory acquired in the Spanish
American War. Capital: San Juan. (18°N 67°W)
p. 649
R
Rhode Island (RI) State in the northeastern United
States. One of the original thirteen colonies.
Admitted as a state in 1790. Capital: Providence.
(41°N 71°W) p. 46
Richmond Capital of Virginia. Capital of the
Confederate States of America during the Civil
War. (37°N 7°W) p. 381
Rio Grande Spanish for Great River. Forms the
border between Texas and Mexico. p. 319
Roanoke Island Island off the coast of North
Carolina. Site of the fi rst English settlement
attempt in North America. p. 27
Rocky Mountains Mountain range in western North
America that extends from Alaska south to New
Mexico. p. 10
Russia Vast country that extends from Eastern
Europe through northeastern Asia. Capital:
Moscow. (61°N 60°E) p. 262
New Hampshire Russia
GAZETTEER
R21
GAZETTEER
R22 GAZETTEER
S
Sacramento Riv e r River in northwest California.
Sacramento, capital of California sits at its head.
(38°N 121°W) p. 327
San Antonio City in southern Texas. Site of the
Mexican victory over Texas forces at the Alamo
during the Texas Revolution. (29°N 99°W)
p. 314
San Diego City in southern California. Located on
San Diego Bay. (33°N 117°W) p. 320
San Francisco City in western California on a
peninsula between the Pacifi c Ocean and San
Francisco Bay. (37°N 122°W) p. 22
Santa Fe Capital of New Mexico. (35°N 106°W)
p. 22
Saratoga Site in eastern New York of the
Revolutionary War’s Battle of Saratoga, the
turning point of the war. p. 94
Savannah Port city in southeastern Georgia.
Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733. (32°N
81°W) p. 40
Seneca Falls Village in west-central New York State.
Site of the fi rst women’s rights convention in
the United States in 1848. (43°N 77°W) p. 426
Sierra Nevada Large mountain range in eastern
California. p. 320
South America Continent in the southern Western
Hemisphere. p. 6
South Car olina (SC) State in the southeastern
United States. One of the original thirteen
colonies. Admitted as a state in 1788. Capital:
Columbia. (34°N 81°W) p. 40
South Dakota (SD) State in the north-central
United States. Organized as part of the Dakota
Territory in 1861. Admitted as a state in 1889.
Capital: Pierre. (44°N 102°W) p. 239
Spain Country in southwestern Europe that
occupies the greater part of the Iberian
Peninsula. Capital: Madrid. (40°N 4°W) p. 12
T
Tennessee (TN) State in the south-central United
States. Admitted as a state in 1796. Capital:
Nashville. (36°N 88°W) p. 234
Tenochtitlán Aztec island-city that was located on
the site that is now Mexico City. p. 20
Texas (TX) State in the south-central United States.
Independent republic from 1836 to 1845.
Admitted as a state in 1845. Capital: Austin.
(31°N 101°W) p. 10
U
Unit ed States of America Country in central North
America. Capital: Washington, D.C. p. 6
Utah (UT) State in the western United States.
Admitted as a state in 1896. Capital: Salt Lake
City. (39°N 112°W) p. 8
V
V alley Forge Site in southeastern Pennsylvania
where General George Washington and his
troops spent the harsh winter of 1777–78. p. 96
V enezuela Republic in northern South America.
Capital: Caracas. (8°N 66°W) p. 656
V ermont (VT) State in the northeastern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1791. Capital:
Montpelier. (44°N 73°W) p. 261
Vicksbur g City in western Mississippi on the bluffs
above the Mississippi River. (42°N 85°W) p. 484
Vir ginia (VA) State in the eastern United States.
One of the original thirteen colonies. Admitted
as a state in 1788. Capital: Richmond. (37°N
80°W) p. 27
W
Washington (WA) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1889. Capital:
Olympia. (47°N 121°W) p. R2
Washington, D.C. Capital of the United States.
Located on the Potomac River between Virginia
and Maryland. (39°N 77°W) p. 202
West Virginia (WV) State in the east-central United
States. Part of Virginia until the area refused to
join the Confederacy in 1861. Admitted as a
state in 1863. Capital: Charleston. (39°N 81°W)
p. 474
Wisconsin (WI) State in the north-central United
States. Became part of the Northwest Territory
in 1787. Admitted as a state in 1848. Capital:
Madison. (44°N 91°W) p. 117
Wyoming (WY) State in the northwestern United
States. Admitted as a state in 1890. Capital:
Cheyenne. (43°N 108°W) p. 239
Sacramento River Wyoming
US History Textbook 8th Grade References Part 1 PDF Download
References Atlas California Maps . California State Facts . Gazetteer . Presidents Facts about the States . American Flag Supreme Court Decisions . Historical Documents . Biographical Dictionary English and Spanish Glossary . Index Credits and Acknowledgments . 00
The United States of America Political CANADA OKLAHOMA iver Oklahoma City . Lawton To understand the Inca of Alaska and Hawaii , as well as the Vast distances separating them from the rest United States , see the world map . ma , I Honolulu . PACIFIC Lan , OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN ATLAS
. Lake Michigan National capital State capitals Other cities 100 200 Miles MISSISSIPPI ' 100 200 Kilometers Projection Albers Equal Area Galveston Lake River 30 To understand the relative of Alaska arm Hawaii , as wen as me vast distances them the rest 01 the United States . see the world map . Gan , Mam . GE I . Wig . a 75 Projection . Mammy , A PACIFIC ' i ?
OCEAN 55 ATLAS Wisconsin , ELEVATION Feet Meters I 500 656 200 ( Sea level ) Sea level ) Below Below sea level 200 ' Albers Equal Area nu ion Bermuda . WESTER SAHAR . Tropic of Cancer . I I 55 . aka sun A LEE PACIFIC , OCEAN ECU . Mo , American , Tropic of Capricorn A ATLANTIC i Boundaries . OCEAN National capitals ' Other cities 500 . Sandwich 200 400 Miles Nassau 200 Projection BAHAMAS and Is . mew GULF OF ' ATLANTIC OCEAN MEXICO Virgin Islands 15 ) 71 . FRANCE COUNTRY CAPITAL SEA 39 Antigua and Johns ' Kins and , Dominica Lucia , Am , the , Barbados Grenada PACIFIC i OCEAN 90 ATLAS
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250 ' were COUNTRY CAPITAL Czech Republic Prague ATLANTIC Croatia Zagreb Bosnia and Sarajevo Macedonia Serbia and Belgrade ) Lithuania Riga 10 Mann am , ATLAS ARCTIC OCEAN Denmark a i Boundaries sRI Other cities 300 600 . 300 Projection . Azimuthal sum Area Caribbean Sea A A Cayenne I la . In Boundaries National capitals Other cities 250 500 Miles . 250 500 Kilometers Projection Azimuthal Equal Area . a , I , , uw . 50 . on .
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Sam . I . a . mEm . an . wit . wand . I . mas . Em I . SEE . A . Australia and New Zealand sun ! California Physical OREGON Feel Meters ' 500 656 200 level ) i ( Sea level ) Below Below sea level sea level as era Projection Albers Equal Area NEVADA , Reyes , Islands White Mountain Peak 124 San Francisco Ba PACIFIC OCEAN MEXICO LAS Political OREGON I Goose , Lake ' Eureka ' haste ?
Park Redding ' Lake El State boundary International boundary iv State capital Other cities 50 100 Miles Willows Grass Nevada Valley Lake Tahoe A ' Lake Tahoe Sacramento . 50 10 ! Kilometers ' 99 . San Andreas ' Bridgeport . Mariposa Merced 37 Santa Cruz ?
Ho ( dense . Ha National ' Park Bakersfield ' ma Maria BE ! 98 Santa , Glendale . Bernardino Channel Islands A . Park Long Santa Ana Palm Springs PACIFIC OCEAN ! ea 33 El Centro 123 120 California Governors Peter Burnett ( John ( John ( Johnson ( John Weller ( Milton Latham ( 1860 ) John Downey ( Leland Stanford ( Frederick Low ( Henry ( Newton Booth ( 1875 ) William Irwin ( George Perkins ( George Stoneman ( Washington Bartlett ( 1887 ) Robert Waterman ( 891 ) Henry Markham ( James Budd ( Henry Gage ( George ( James ( Hiram Johnson ( William Stephens ( Friend Richardson ( Young ( James ( Frank ( Olson ( Earl Warren ( Goodwin Knight ( Edmund Pat Brown ( Ronald Reagan ( Edmund Jerry Brown ( George ( Pete Wilson ( Gray Davis ( Arnold Schwarzenegger ( California Government Carries out the laws and policies of state government The Governor I Elected by voters to a term I Can serve two terms I Appoints officials and some judges I Can veto whole laws or items of laws passed by legislature Lieutenant Governor I Elected along with governor , but not as a running mate I include replacing governor should he or she leave office I Consists of officials appointed by governor I Offers advice to governor on specific areas of knowledge ATLAS Makes state laws Bicameral System I Has two Senate and Assembly I Both houses take part in making I Legislature can override the governor veto with a vote in both houses The State Senate I 40 senators I Serve terms I Limited to two terms ' The Assembly I 80 Assembly members I Serve terms I Limited to three terms Decides conflicts and questions about the law Trial Courts 58 Superior Courts , one in each county Appellate Courts I Hear most appeals from lower courts I Six district courts of appeals I Have at least three justices Appointed by governor then confirmed by Commission on Judicial Appointments Approved by voters in next election terms Supreme Court of California I Hears appeals of criminal cases involving death penalty and cases where state laws or state constitution are found invalid I Has seven justices Appointed by governor then confirmed by Commission on Judicial Appointments Approved by voters in next election terms
California Facts State tree State bird State marine animal State animal State reptile State flower Capital Year of Statehood Nickname Motto Song Highest Elevation Lowest Elevation Total Area National Rank in Land Area Total Coastline Largest City Largest Lake Number of Counties Longest River Population National Rank in Population Length ( North to South ) Width ( East to West ) California Redwood California valley quail Gray whale Grizzly bear Desert tortoise Golden Poppy Sacramento 1850 ( state ) The Golden State Eureka ( I have found it . I Love You , California ' Golden poppies . Whitney , feet above sea level Death Valley , 282 feet below sea level . miles 840 miles Los Angeles Lake Tahoe 58 Sacramento River ( as of 2003 ) 770 miles 250 miles REPUBLIC State flag Death Valley , Cal . ATLAS
Gazetteer ET . Africa continent . Lies in both the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres . 13 Alabama ( AL ) State in the southern United States . Admitted as a state in 1819 . Capital Montgomery . 248 Alaska ( AK ) state in northwestern North America . Purchased from Russia in 1867 . Became a territory in 1912 . Admitted as a state in 1959 . Capital . Albany Capital of New York . 94 Appalachian Mountains Mountain system in North America that extends from Canada to central Alabama . 61 Arctic Region around the North Pole including Arctic Ocean , parts of Alaska , Canada , Russia and Scandinavian countries . Arizona ( AZ ) State in the southwestern United States . Organized into a territory in 1863 . Admitted as a state in 1912 . Capital Phoenix . Arkansas ( AR ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1836 . Capital Little Rock . 26 Asia Largest continent . Occupies the same land mass as Europe . Atlanta Capital of Georgia . 501 Atlantic Ocean Vast body of water separating North and South America from Europe and Africa . JIM Baltimore Maryland city northeast of Washington , on the Chesapeake Bay . 248 Bering Land Bridge land bridge that once connected what is now Alaska with Siberia . Boston Capital of Massachusetts . 44 Brazil Republic in eastern South America . Capital Brasilia . 661 Buena Vista City in northeastern Mexico . 321 Bull Run Creek in northeastern Virginia where the Confederates won two major battles during the Civil War . 479 Bunker Hill Hill in Boston , Massachusetts . Site of an early Revolutionary War battle . 81 GAZETTEER California ( CA ) State in the western United States . Admitted as a state in 1850 . Capital Sacramento . 10 Canada Country in northern North America . Capital Ottawa . Cape of Good Hope tip of Africa . 15 Caribbean Sea Arm of the Atlantic Ocean between North and South America . Central America Region of land connecting North and South America . Charleston Port city in South Carolina . Originally called Charles Town . 40 Chesapeake Bay Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in Virginia and Maryland . 39 Chicago Large city in northeastern Illinois on Lake Michigan . Major port . 358 China Country in East Asia with the world largest population . Capital Beijing . name People Republic of China ) 13 Columbia River River in northwestern United States and southwestern Canada . Forms part of boundary between Oregon and Washington . 238 Colorado ( CO ) State in the southwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1876 . Capital Denver . Concord One of two northeastern Massachusetts towns ( along with Lexington ) where the first of the American Revolution took place in 1775 . 79 Connecticut ( State in the northeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Hartford . 46 Cuba in the Caribbean about 90 miles south of Florida . Capital Havana . 646 ET Delaware ( DE ) State in the eastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1787 . Capital Dover . 50 District of Columbia Federal district between Maryland and Virginia where the capital of the United States is located . 202
Ecuador Italy Jim Ecuador Republic in northwest South America . Capital Quito . England Region of the United Kingdom that makes up most of the southern part of the island of Great Britain . Capital London . 25 Erie Canal An early building project that created a waterway between New York cities of Albany , the capital , and Buffalo , on Lake Erie . 264 Europe Continent occupying the same land mass as Asia . 12 Jim Florida ( State in the southeastern United States . Organized as a territory in 1822 . Admitted as a state in 1845 . Capital Tallahassee . 21 Fort fort that guarded Baltimore , Maryland . The British attacked the fort in the War of 248 Fort Necessity Site where the French defeated British colonists in 1754 , in what was the first battle of the French and Indian War . 60 Fort Fort on Charleston Harbor , South Carolina . Attack by Confederate forces here began the Civil War . 473 France Country in Western Europe . Capital Paris . 18 ET Georgia ( GA ) State in the southeastern United States . Admitted as a state in 1788 . One of the original thirteen colonies . Capital Atlanta . 40 Germany Country in Western Europe . Capital Berlin . 24 Gettysburg in southern Pennsylvania . 498 Great Basin Elevated region made up of parts of California , Idaho , Nevada , Oregon , Utah , and Wyoming that was home to many American Indian nations . 10 Great Britain Kingdom in western Europe that includes England , Scotland , and Wales . 56 Great Lakes Chain of lakes located in central North America and that extends across the border . Includes Lake Superior , Lake Michigan , Lake Huron , Lake Erie , and Lake Ontario . 17 Great Plains Region of central North America that lies between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains 10 Gulf of Mexico Gulf on the southeastern coast of North America , bordered by the United States , Mexico , and Cuba . Jim Haiti Republic in the West Indies . Capital Prince . 235 Hartford Capital of Connecticut . 249 Hawaii ( HI ) state in the central Ocean that is made up of the Hawaiian Islands . Organized as a territory in 1900 . Admitted as a state in 1959 . Capital Honolulu . 642 Island that includes the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic . 17 Hudson Bay Inland sea in Canada . Explored by Henry Hudson in Hudson River River from northeastern to southern New York . 27 Jim Idaho ( ID ) State in the northwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1890 . Capital Boise . 326 Illinois ( IL ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1818 . Capital . 97 India Large republic in southern Asia . Capital New Delhi . 15 Indiana ( IN ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1816 . Capital Indianapolis . 117 Indian Ocean Vast body of water east of Africa , south of Asia , west of Australia , and north of Antarctica . 14 Iowa ( IA ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1846 . Capital Des Moines . 239 Ireland Island in the British Isles . Divided into Northern Ireland ( Capital Belfast ) and the Republic of Ireland ( Capital Dublin ) 400 Italy Country in southern Europe . Capital Rome . 12 GAZETTEER
Jamestown New England JIM Jamestown First successful English colony in North America . Established in eastern Virginia in 36 Japan Country in the Western Ocean . Made up of a chain of islands . Capital Tokyo . 15 Jim Kansas ( State in the central United States . Organized as a territory in 1854 . Admitted as a state in 1861 . Capital . 21 Kentucky ( KY ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1792 . Capital . 234 Jim Lake Erie One of the Great Lakes . Located in the United States and Canada . 247 Latin America countries of North and South America that were once claimed by Spain or Portugal . 262 Lexington One of two northeastern Massachusetts towns ( along with Concord ) where the first of the American Revolution took place in 1775 . 79 Country on the west coast of Africa . 41 London Capital of the United Kingdom , in England . 42 Los Angeles Large city in southern California . 320 Louisiana ( LA ) State in the southeastern United States carved out of the Louisiana Territory Admitted as a state in 1812 . Capital Baton Rouge . 484 Em Maine ( ME ) State in the northeastern United States . Admitted as a state in 1820 . Capital Augusta . 267 Manhattan Island Island at the north end of New York Bay One of the five boroughs that make up New York City . 27 Maryland ( State in the United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Annapolis . 39 Massachusetts ( MA ) State in the northeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Boston . 43 Mediterranean Sea Large sea bordered by southern Europe , Southwest Asia , and northern Africa . 14 Area from Mexico to North Central America during culture . Mexico Country in southern North America . Capital Mexico City . Michigan ( MI ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1837 . Capital Lansing . 117 Minnesota ( State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1858 . Capital Paul . 239 Mississippi ( State in the southeastern United States . Admitted as a state in 1817 . Capital Jackson . 261 Mississippi River River that from Minnesota south to the Gulf of Mexico . Missouri ( MO ) State in the central United States . Admitted as a state in 1821 . Capital Jefferson City . 239 Missouri River River that from southern Montana and joins the Mississippi River . Montana ( State in the northwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1889 . Capital Helena . 239 Montreal City in southeastern Canada founded by the French in 1642 . 17 JIM Nebraska ( NE ) State in the central United States . Admitted as a state in 1867 . Capital Lincoln . 239 Netherlands Country in northwestern Europe . Capital Amsterdam . 25 Nevada ( State in the western United States . Organized as a territory in 1861 . Admitted as a state in 1864 . Capital Carson City . 18 New Amsterdam Dutch settlement on the island of Manhattan . Founded in 24 New England Northeastern section of the United States . Made up of Connecticut , Maine , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , and Vermont . 44
New Hampshire Russia New Hampshire ( State in the northeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Concord . 47 New Jersey ( State in the northeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1787 . Capital Trenton . 49 New Mexico ( State in the southwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1912 . Capital Santa Fe . New Orleans Port city in southeastern Louisiana . 26 New Spain Vast area of North America controlled by Spain . 22 New Sweden Swedish colony in North America that was located along the Delaware River . 27 New York ( NY ) State in the northeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Albany . 18 New York City Largest city in the United States . 51 Nicaragua Republic in Central America . Capital . 657 North America Continent in the northern Western Hemisphere . North Carolina ( State in the southeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1789 . Capital Raleigh . 21 North Dakota ( State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1889 . Capital Bismarck . 239 Jim Ohio ( OH ) State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1803 . Capital Columbus . 117 Ohio River River that from southwestern Pennsylvania west to join the Mississippi River , forming the Virginia , and boundaries . Oklahoma ( OK ) State in the United States . Organized as a territory in 1890 . Admitted as a state in 1907 . Capital Oklahoma City . 239 Oregon ( OR ) State in the northwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1859 . Capital Salem . 317 Jim Ocean Body of water extending from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica and from western North and South America to Australia , the Malay Archipelago , and East Asia . Panama Country in southern Central America . Location of the Panama Canal . Capital Panama City . 17 Pennsylvania ( PA ) State in the eastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1787 . Capital . 50 Peru Country in western South America . Capital Lima ( 22 Philadelphia City in southeastern Pennsylvania . Capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800 . 50 Philippines Country in the western Ocean . Made up of about islands . Capital Manila . 648 Plymouth Site in Massachusetts where the Pilgrims first landed in North America in 1620 . 43 Portugal Country in southwestern Europe on the western Iberian Peninsula . 14 Providence Capital of Rhode Island . 46 Puerto Rico Island east of Cuba and southeast of Florida . A territory acquired in the Spanish American War . Capital San Juan . 649 Jim Rhode Island ( RI ) State in the northeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1790 . Capital Providence . 46 Richmond Capital of Virginia . Capital of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War . 381 Rio Grande Spanish for Great River . Forms the border between Texas and Mexico . 319 Roanoke Island Island off the coast of North Carolina . Site of the English settlement attempt in North America . 27 Rocky Mountains Mountain range in western North America that extends from Alaska south to New Mexico . 10 Russia Vast country that extends from Eastern Europe through northeastern Asia . Capital Moscow . 262 GAZETTEER
Sacramento River Wyoming Sacramento River River in northwest California . Sacramento , capital of California sits at its head . 327 San Antonio City in southern Texas . Site of the Mexican victory over Texas forces at the Alamo during the Texas Revolution . 314 San Diego City in southern California . Located on San Diego Bay . 320 San Francisco City in western California on a peninsula between the Ocean and San Francisco Bay . 22 Santa Fe Capital of New Mexico . 22 Saratoga Site in eastern New York of the Revolutionary War Battle of Saratoga , the turning point of the war . 94 Savannah Port city southeastern Georgia . Founded by James in 1733 . 40 Seneca Falls Village in New York State . Site of the first women rights convention in the United States in 1848 . 426 Sierra Nevada Large mountain range in eastern California . 320 South America Continent in the southern Western Hemisphere . South Carolina ( State in the southeastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Columbia . 40 South Dakota ( State in the United States . Organized as part of the Dakota Territory in 1861 . Admitted as a state in 1889 . Capital Pierre . 239 Spain Country in southwestern Europe that occupies the greater part of the Iberian Peninsula . Capital Madrid . 12 ET Tennessee ( State in the United States . Admitted as a state in 1796 . Capital Nashville . 234 Aztec that was located on the site that is now Mexico City . 20 Texas ( State in the United States . Independent republic from 1836 to 1845 . Admitted as a state in 1845 . Capital Austin . 10 JIM United States of America Country in central North America . Capital Washington , Utah ( UT ) State in the western United States . Admitted as a state in 1896 . Capital Salt Lake City . Jim Valley Forge Site in southeastern Pennsylvania where General George Washington and his troops spent the harsh winter of 96 Venezuela Republic in northern South America . Capital Caracas . 656 Vermont ( State in the northeastern United States . Admitted as a state in 1791 . Capital . 261 City in western Mississippi on the bluffs above the Mississippi River . 484 ( VA ) State in the eastern United States . One of the original thirteen colonies . Admitted as a state in 1788 . Capital Richmond . 27 Washington ( WA ) State in the northwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1889 . Capital Olympia . Washington , Capital of the United States . Located on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland . 202 West Virginia ( State in the United States . Part of Virginia until the area refused to join the Confederacy in 1861 . Admitted as a state in 1863 . Capital Charleston . 474 Wisconsin ( WI ) State in the United States . Became part of the Northwest Territory in 1787 . Admitted as a state in 1848 . Capital Madison . 117 Wyoming ( WY ) State in the northwestern United States . Admitted as a state in 1890 . Capital Cheyenne . 239