US History Textbook 8th Grade Features

History and Geography Explore the relationships between history and America Growth 1760 . 52 The Atlantic Slave Trade . 62 Origins of the Constitution . America Growth 1820 . 250 Erie Canal . The Indian Removal Treaties . 298 America Growth 1850 332 The Strategy . America Growth 1900 . 662 Literature in , Learn about the beliefs and experiences of people who lived in other times and places in excerpt from literature . Literature of the American Frontier . 274 Literature of the Young Nation Romanticism and Realism 408 Antislavery Literature . 444 Reform Literature . 620 Features BIOGRAPHIES Meet the people who have history and learn about their lives . Christopher Columbus 17 Anne Hutchinson . 46 Penn . 50 57 Pontiac . 61 George Washington 82 Benjamin Franklin . 131 James Madison . Benjamin 202 Thomas Jefferson . 233 Henry Clay 266 Andrew Jackson . 287 Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo . 319 Samuel Morse . 365 Horace Mann . Frederick . Elizabeth Cady Stanton . 429 Abraham Lincoln . Robert Lee . David Farragut 485 Chief Joseph . 559 William Jennings Bryan . 564 Andrew Carnegie , John Rockefeller , and Leland Stanford 583 Samuel . 585 Jane Addams 597 Theodore Roosevelt 655

Charts , Graphics , and Lines Analyze information presented visually to learn more about history . CHARTS The Columbian Exchange 18 Origins of Hispanics in the United States 22 Slave Populations in the Colonies . 40 America Population , 1760 million . 52 The Constitution Strengthens the National Government 130 Federalism 163 Amending the Constitution 164 Urban . Rural Population , 1790 198 Total Debt . 201 San Francisco Population , Upstream River Rates . 359 . Cotton Production , 378 Resources of the North and South . 474 Causes and Effects of the Civil War . 502 Hopes Raised and Denied 529 Agricultural Supply and Demand . 563 Union Membership , 586 Shifting Patterns of Immigration 591 Expanding Democracy 614 The Progressive Amendments , A 631 Early Exploration and Settlement . 29 Church and State 46 Characteristics of the Middle Colonies . 50 The Road to Revolution 68 Separation of Powers Checks and Balances . 146 Responsibilities of Citizens . 186 Hamilton Economic Plan . 201 The USS Constitution . 241 Analyzing the War of 1812 . 249 Regions of the United States Early . 289 Ranch Life . 318 United States Expansion . 335 Textile Mill and Water Frame . 347 The Life of a Mill Girl . 355 The Steam Train . 360 Cotton Gin . 377 The South Cotton Economy 380 A Southern Plantation . 383 Free African Americans in the South . A Slave Daily Life . 388 New York City , Art of the Romantic Movement . The . TIME LINES Early Exploration and Settlement Key Events in European History 24 The English Colonies 32 The Road to Revolution . 68 The American Revolution 74 The Patriots Gain Ground 94 Forming a Government Citizenship and the Constitution 140 Amendments to the Constitution 168 Launching the Nation 192 The Struggle for Neutrality . 206 The Jefferson Era . 224 The Journey West . 236 America Road to War . 242 A New National Identity . 256 American Arts . 270 The Age of Jackson . 280 Supreme Court and Capitalism 293 Expanding West . 304 The North . 342 American Inventions . 364 The South . 372 New Movements in America . 396 Women Voting Rights . 424 A Divided Nation 434 The Civil War . 468 Three Days at Gettysburg 497 Reconstruction . 508 Americans Move West 542 Farming and the Rise of Populism . 562 An Industrial Nation 570 The Spirit of Innovation . 576 CONTENTS

The Spirit of Reform . America Becomes a World Power . 636 Examine key facts and concepts quickly and easily with graphics . Chapter Visual Summary 29 Church and State . 46 Characteristics of the Middle Colonies . 50 The Road to Revolution 68 Chapter Summary . 71 Chapter Visual Summary 103 Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 124 The Great Compromise . 127 The Constitution Strengthens the National Government . 130 Federalist . 133 Chapter Visual Summary . 137 Separation of Powers . 145 Checks and Balances . 146 Federal Terms and Requirements 152 Federal Judicial System . 161 Federalism 163 Chapter Visual Summary . 189 Hamilton Economic Plan . 201 Chapter Summary 217 The Election of 1800 . Analyzing the War of 1812 249 Chapter Visual Summary . Chapter Visual Summary . 277 Regions of the United States , Early 18005 289 Chapter Visual Summary . 301 Westward Movement in the United States 330 Chapter 10 Visual Summary 335 Chapter 11 Visual Summary . 369 Chapter 12 Visual Summary 393 Factors of Immigration 401 Chapter 13 Visual Summary . 431 Upsetting the Balance . 439 A Growing Conflict . 452 Chapter 14 Visual Summary 461 North Versus South . 474 Causes and Effects of the Civil War . Chapter 15 Visual Summary . 505 The Reconstruction Amendments . Hopes Raised and Denied . 529 Chapter 16 Visual Summary . 533 Causes and Effects of Westward Expansion . Effects of Transcontinental Railroad . Chapter 17 Visual Summary . Factors Affecting Industrial Growth . 575 Chapter 18 Visual Summary . 599 Political Machines . Tenement Life . 611 Expanding Democracy . 614 The Progressive Amendments , Chapter 19 Visual Summary . 633 United States Foreign Policy . 657 Chapter 20 Visual Summary . History See how people lived and how places looked in the past by taking a View of history . Plymouth Colony . 45 Battle of Yorktown . 100 Ranch Life . 318 A Mill Girl . 355 Southern Plantation New York City , Working Conditions in Factories 616 LINKING To TODAY Link people and events the past to the world you live in today . Origins of Hispanics in the United States . 22 Legislative Branch . 129 Native Americans and the Commerce Clause 155 The Louisiana Purchase . Democracy in Action . 285

Mexican Americans Today . 324 Modern Manufacturing . 350 Battlefield Communications . Tribal Councils . I . 555 Asian Americans Today . 592 i of View i See how different people have interpreted historical issues in different ways . Compromise and the Slave Trade Role of a Citizen 203 Views of War . States Rights the Union . 291 Johnson Stevens . 520 Fighting Discrimination . Historic Documents Examine key documents that have shaped history . Federalist Paper No . 10 Washington Farewell Address 210 Jefferson Inaugural Address . 230 The Monroe Doctrine . I . 262 Declaration of Sentiments . 426 Magna Carta The Mayflower Compact . I . Fundamental Orders of Connecticut . English Bill of Rights . Statute for Religious Freedom Objections to This Constitution of Government Washington Farewell Address . Jefferson Inaugural Address . John Quincy Adams Fourth of July 1821 Address The Monroe Doctrine . Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments Denmark . i . Lincoln First Inaugural Address . The Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln Second Inaugural Address . Declaration of Rights for Women . President Bush Address to the Nation Political Cartoons Interpret political cartoons to learn about history . XYZ Affair . I . 214 Embargo Act . Jackson Against the Bank . Anaconda Plan . 482 Supporting Radial Republican Ideas Antitrust . 581 and Big Business . Roosevelt Imperialism . CONTENTS

Social Studies Skills Learn , practice , and apply the skills you need to study and analyze history . Framing Historical Questions . 28 Interpreting Time Lines 70 Understanding Historical Interpretation . Determine Different Points of View Determining the Context of Statements 188 Making Group Decisions 216 Working In Groups to Solve Issues 252 Identifying Central Issues 276 Solving Problems . 300 Interpreting Maps Expansion 334 Personal Conviction and Bias . 368 Interpreting Graphs 392 Accepting Social Responsibility . 430 Assessing Primary and Secondary Sources . 460 Interpreting Political Cartoons 504 Chance , Oversight , and Error in History 532 Comparing Migration Maps 566 Analyzing Costs and Benefits 598 Causal Patterns 632 Continuity and Change in History 664 Reading Social Studies Learn and practice skills that will help you read your social studies lessons . Specialized Vocabulary of Social Studies . Vocabulary Clues . 34 Main Ideas in Social Studies 76 Chronological Order . I Summarizing Historical Texts . Inferences about History Public Documents in History . 226 Bias and Historical Events 258 Drawing Conclusions about the Past . Vocabulary in Context . Causes and Effects in History . Online Research . Information and Propaganda 398 Fact , Opinions , and the Past . 436 Supporting Facts and Details 470 Analyzing Historical Information 510 Using Questions to Analyze Texts . 544 Organization of Facts and Information 572 Historical Fact and Historical Fiction . 604 Comparing Historical Texts . 638 A Biographical Narrative . Explaining a Political Process . 220 Cause and Effect in History 338 Comparing People and Events . 464 A Social Studies Report . 536 Persuasion and . FOCUS ON WRITING AND SPEAKING Use writing and speaking skills to study and reflect on the events and people who made history . Writing a Letter . Writing an Infomercial . 32 Giving an Oral Report . 74 A Newspaper Editorial A Pamphlet . A Nobel Nomination A Letter of Recommendation 224 A Character Sketch . 256 An Interview . 280 Outline for a Documentary Film , 304 Newspaper Advertisement . 342 Biographical Sketch . 372 Persuasive Letter . 396 Writing an Autobiographical Sketch . 434 Writing a Newspaper Article . Job History 508 Writing a Letter . 542 A Memo . 570

Campaign Promises . 602 A List of Pros and Cons and a Recommendation . 636 Supreme Court Decisions Study the impact of Supreme Curt on US . history . Background of the Court . 147 Madison . Maryland . Gibbons Ogden . Worcester Georgia . Scott . Ferguson . New York . Muller Oregon . United States Brown Board of Education . Gideon Wainwright . Miranda Arizona . Tinker Des Moines Independent Community School District . Reed Reed . Texas Johnson . Bush Gore Bollinger and Bollinger . American Library Association . Rumsfeld and Bush . Interdisciplinary Connections Learn history through connections to other I ' disciplines . The USS Constitution . Supreme Court and Capitalism . Textile Mill and Water Frame . 347 Elements of Mass Production . The Steam Train . Cotton Gin 377 Art of the Romantic Movement . Two Views of a Historic Battle . 556 Agricultural Supply and Demand . CONTENTS