7th Grade World History Medieval to Early Modern Times Unit 1 - Chapter 1 Studying the Ancient World

Chapter ! Studying the , Ancient Worl Chapter The of am Like detectives , historians look for clues about the past . Then they study the evidence they uncover to learn about life in the ancient world . One of the last major civilizations of the ancient world was the Roman civilization . The Romans dominated the entire region for hundreds of years and left a lasting imprint on the region cultures . Eventually , however , the empire fell . In the next two chapters , you will learn about how historians study the ancient world and how the fall of Rome was lowed by the rise of the Byzantine Empire . Explore the Art In this scene , the Byzantine princess Anna admires a mosaic in Hagia Sophia , a famous church in Constantinople . What features of Byzantine culture can you see ?

came iD tithe i i i , California Standards Analysis Skills HI Students recognize that interpretations of history are subject to change as new information is uncovered . Arts Writing Write Persuasive Compositions Beading Students use their knowledge of word origins and word relationships , as well as historical and literary context clues , to determine the meaning of specialized vocabulary and to stand the precise meaning of words . FOCUS ON WRITING A Persuasive Composition in this chapter , you will read about how scholars study the past by piecing clues together . You will pretend to be an archaeologist who has discovered ruins of a big building . In a letter , you will put together your own set of clues and try to convince the reader about the meaning of these mysterious ruins . CHAPTER

History Impact video series Watch the video to understand the impact of archaeology on what we have learned about . as What You Will Learn In this chapter you will learn how historians ' study the ancient world to unlock the mysteries of the past . In this photo a diver examines an off the coast of Israel .

. I Science and Technology and Culture Economics Geography Politics Religion to learn about many topics , including religion and Focus on Themes To learn about history , you must learn what historians do as they study society and culture . You will learn the difference the past As you read this chapter , you will learn between Primary and and 596 vocabulary that historians use and discover how how our understanding of history changes as new they use written and unwritten clues from the past sources of each type are discovered . Specialized Vocabulary of History FOCUS on Reading Suppose you turned on the just in time to ' hear , Depressed economic patterns indicate a downturn in consumer Ca ab ?

gu ?

he Would you know that people are spending less money ?

act a Specialized Vocabulary The sentence in the previous paragraph uses . specialized vocabulary , words used in only one field , economics . History has its own specialized vocabulary . The chart below lists some terms often used in the study of history . Terms used with dates circa or a word used to show that historians are not sure of an exact date it means about a term used to identify dates that occurred long ago , before the birth of Jesus Christ , the founder of Christianity it means before dates get smaller as time passes , so the larger the number the earlier the date . a term used to identify dates that occurred after birth it comes from a Latin phrase that means in the year of our Unlike dates , AD dates get larger as time passes , so the larger the number the later the date . another way to refer to dates it stands for before the common era another way to refer to AD dates it stands for common era Because historians deal with so many dates , they have created many ways to refer to events in the past . For example , the time line below shows that the 1005 can also be called the second century . What do you notice about the names given to a century and the first number of the dates in it ?

The , or the Second Century 100 AD AD 100 AD 200 AD 2000 tY ' AD 2100 First century I First century I Third century I I Century 100 CE 100 CE 200 CE 2000 CE 2100 CE CHAPTER I ELA Heading Use word relationships and historical context clues to determine the meaning of specialized vocabulary . You Try It ! As you read this textbook , you will find many specialized vocabulary terms that historians use . Some of these terms will be highlighted in the text and defined for you as key terms . Others may not be lighted , but they will still be defined . You may find a few words , ever , that you do not know and that are not defined . In many cases , you will be able to figure out what these words mean from clues in the text around them . For an example , read the passages below and answer the questions that follow . Vocabulary in Context . Artifacts also offer clues . These items can From tell us about economic systems . may Roman coins in China iii and Chinese coins in Rome . If the coins are from the same time period , we can conclude that the Romans and Chinese were doing business at a certain time . Wrecks of Roman ships were recently found far off the Mediterranean coast . Scholars had thought that the early Roman traders sailed their ships close to the coast . The new suggests that sailors could navigate the open waters earlier than experts had thought . Answer the following questions . If you did know what economic meant , what clues in the first passage above might help you figure it out ?

What clues could help you guess the meaning of navigate in the second passage ?

In what century were you born ?

What is another name for it ?

Put the following dates in order AD 2000 , the third century , 44 , the , CE 1215 , 3100 and People . Chapter Section history ( primary source ( secondary source ( archaeology ( fossil ( artifacts ( Section society ( 10 ) social structure ( 13 ) Academic Vocabulary Success in school is related to knowing academic words that are frequently used in school assignments and . In this chapter , you will learn the following academic words cause ( effect ( purpose ( 13 ) As you read chapter keep a list in your notebook of specialized vocabulary you learn . STU DYING THE ANCIENT WORLD

Clues from the Past What YOU Learn were there . You are spending your summer helping scholars search for the Historians and tomb of a great king . Local legends tell that the tomb lies under a look for clues in written . records and nearby hill , guarded by traps that will harm anyone who disturbs , Other sources of clues the king resting place . A single coin bearing the kings name has include legends and luck . been found at the hill . However , an ancient scroll says that the king body rests at the bottom of a deep lake , never to be found . a , and Should you continue to search for the tomb ?

study fossils , artifacts , and written records to learn about the past . BUILDING BACKGROUND The story of the past comes to us from , many directions . What we hear , and read make up the pieces of some , a very big and fascinating puzzle . secondary source , archaeology , Looking for Clues artifacts , The task before you seems simple . You must together the pieces of a jigsaw to create a picture . But what if most of the puzzle pieces are missing , and you do even know what the picture is supposed to look like ?

This is the task that we may face when we try to learn about the past . To help us learn and to complete the picture , scholars from two basic work together like detectives . What Historians Do The main that leads the investigation is history study of the past . History is just about events that no one alive remembers . It is both the distant and recent past . A battle that happened years ago and an election that happened day are both part of history . Historians are people who study history . Historians are very curious about the past . They want to know who did what . They want to know how , when , where , and why people did what they did . CHAPTER

fthe st ! Written Records Written records , like this Japanese writing from the 10005 , are a valuable source of information about the past . Historians are interested in the way individuals lived . How did they work , and worship ?

What did they do in their free time ?

Scholars also look at what groups of people have done . What may cause a nation to become powerful and then to fade away ?

Why did a new religion spread ?

What was the effect of an invasion ?

To study the past , historians mainly use written works . In the or so years that people have been writing , they have ed laws , poems , speeches , battle plans , ters , contracts , and many other things . In these written sources , historians have found details about every aspect of human life . In addition , people have not been limited to paper and pens . They have carved messages onto stone pillars , stamped them into clay tablets , scribbled them on turtle shells , and typed them on computers . Artifacts The objects that people created and used , like this Maya mask , can tell about their culture , technology , and beliefs . Fossils Historical sources are of two types . A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event . Treaties , court records , and laws are primary sources . Diaries and letters are , too . An audio or video ing of an event is also a primary source . A secondary source is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event . Examples include textbooks and encyclopedias . The book you are reading right now is a secondary source . The historians who wrote it did not take part in the events described . Instead , they gathered information about these events from different sources . However , if a historian writes an opinion about thing , that opinion is a primary source . The opinion is a record of how a historian at a certain time viewed history and the world . The remains of early hominids can give us clues about their lifestyle . This skull from Africa is about million years old . cause to make something happen effect the result of an action or decision STUDYING THE ANCIENT WORLD

CHAPTER , What Archaeologists Do Another that contributes information about the past is archaeology ( Archaeology is the study of the past based on materials that people have left behind . Archaeologists explore places where people once lived , worked , fought , hunted , or pursued other activities . In many cases , objects that people left behind at these places provide the only clues we have about their lives . For information on the very humans , archaeologists examine fossil remains . A fossil is a part or imprint of something that was once alive . Ancient bones and footprints preserved in rock are examples of fossils . As human beings learned to make things , they also happened to create more sources of information for us . They made what we call artifacts , objects created and used by humans . Among the many types of artifacts are arrowheads , coins , tools , toys , jewelry , and pottery . Although individual artifacts can give us useful clues , more useful are groups of facts from the same area and time period . Archaeologists refer to these collections of related artifacts as a group material culture . Just as important as the artifacts themselves are the places where they are found . For example , Viking coins and swords found in Russia can show that the Vikings traded and fought there . comparing How are the fields of history and archaeology similar ?

Other Sources of Clues Historians and archaeologists work together . Archaeologists use written sources to help them sites where they will facts . Similarly , historians material culture to help them understand what they read . Sometimes these scholars also get help from sources that may surprise you . Legends Stories and legends can point scholars toward discoveries . For example , you have probably read stories about King Arthur . Historians know that no such king really lived during the Middle Ages . However ,

Khan , a mighty conqueror and ruler , to search for his tomb in his homeland of Mongolia . Archaeologists have found facts that suggest they are close to a major discovery , but so far Genghis Khan tomb has not been found . Luck Sometimes luck can play a major part in uncovering history . In 1974 Chinese ers were digging a well . When their els hit hard day instead of dirt , they were amazed to the of the clay soldiers you see on these pages . One day , perhaps you will make an amazing discovery or uncover new mation that will explain what happened long ago . Perhaps you will even solve one of history mysteries . Evaluating Do you think that legends and luck are reliable sources of clues ?

Why or why not ! the a Chinese emperor . Scientists are still studying the site artifacts , such as this warrior head . legends about Arthur encouraged historians to search ancient documents for lion about England distant past . In these sources historians found a warrior who lived in about AD 500 . This man may have inspired the legends . Archaeologists , too , used the stories about Arthur as guides to make important discoveries . SUMMARY AND PREVIEW Historians and Legends are still providing exciting clues that may lead to astonishing . For example , researchers in many are using legends about the burial of Genghis archaeologists use clues from many sources to learn about the past . Next , you will learn about some of the things they can discover by using these clues . Online Quiz Section Assessment KEYWORD Reviewing Ideas , Terms , and People a . Define What is history ?

Contrast How is a primary source different from a secondary source ?

Predict What kinds of things will future study to learn about how we lived ?

a . Describe How do legends help historians ?

Explain Why would archaeologists study written sources and historians study artifacts ?

Rank List the ways in which scholars look for clues , ranking the methods from what you think would be the most useful to the least useful . critical Thinking . Categorize Copy the diagram . In the empty circles , list the types of clues that historians and archaeologists use . Finding Your Ruins Choose a large , familiar ing that you will discover as an archaeologist , such as your school , a place of worship , or a ping mall . Write down or draw pictures of what your building could look like years from now . Historians and Archaeologists STUDYING THE ANCIENT WORLD

Putting the Pieces Together What You Will Learn YOU were Main Ideas You are an expert on an ancient Asian language . For years you Using the evidence they have have worked at translating a long poem from that language into th II ii . English . Now it IS finally ! The poem seems to be just a societies inthe Past group of fairy tales , but you suspect that you can find some real . Views ofthe past change . because of new , Sco , facts within the fantastic stories . You want to know about the and new people who told the tales as they sat around their campfires . What else can you learn from these tales ?

The Big Idea Historians and archaeologists put written and unwritten clues together to learn about the past and sometimes to revise their ideas about the past . BUILDING BACKGROUND The people who wrote down these stories did know that they were telling later generations about themselves . is just whatthey did . These unknown people Key Tums i were creating evidence that we can use to understand the past . society , 10 social structure , 10 Using the Evidence Archaeologists , historians , and other experts ask questions about the past . Then they gather clues and put them together to reveal information about past societies . A society is a community of people who share a common culture . Social Structure and Family Life Families are an important part of a cultures social the way a society is organized . We often learn about life and social structure in sources that are more about something else . For example , you may remember a work of literature called the Rig Veda from last year study of ancient India . This work of literature is mainly about religion . It also tells , however , that Indian society was strictly divided into classes . Another text from India , the , tells us about marriage in early lndian ety . In this story , Rama and his wife Sita face many dangers . In Sita constant loyalty , we see what the Indians considered to be a perfect wife . 10 CHAPTER

Art can tell us about social structure and families , too . For example , Egyptian tomb paintings show the pharaoh at the top of Egyptian society and the other classes below him . Other paintings show the pharaoh at home with his wife and children . In these scenes we see the importance of family to the Egyptians . Politics and Economic Systems Ancient sources also inform historians about political and economic systems . Written sources can be especially useful for learning about politics , or government . For example , many speeches of politicians from ancient Athens have survived in written form . Today , we can read those speeches and see that the Athenians valued racy and that politicians worked hard to protect people freedoms . Some written sources are useful for answering questions about a society nomic value of its goods and services . Many cultures left behind business records showing the value of ferent products . Other lists tell us how much workers were paid for various tasks . Artifacts also offer clues . These items can tell us about economic systems . Archaeologists may Roman coins in China and Chinese coins in Rome . If the Above the king is the Tree of Life , and atop the tree is a . bird that heaven . The king is falling from the Tree of Life and being swallowed by the . earth monster , symbolizing his journey into the I ' underworld and . coins are from the same time period , we Focus on can conclude that the Romans and nese were doing business at a certain time . We may also find the actual items meaning of that people traded . Ancient North ?

ica provides an example . Centuries ago , people used a rock called obsidian ( for making weapons . But few sources of obsidian existed . Archaeologists have found obsidian weapons hundreds of miles from the stone sources . Using this information , experts can calculate how far trade in the valuable rock extended . THE ANCIENT WORLD I (

CHAPTER I . Language Learning about ancient languages can be especially for historians . when scholars a document in an unknown language , they do find a dictionary for that language right next to it ! Sometimes historians can use clues from known languages to understand old ones . The most famous example is the Rosetta Stone . Created in ancient Egypt , the Rosetta Stone shows the same sage in Greek and in two types of Egyptian writing . Because scholars could read Greek , they were able to translate the Egyptian writing also . Since the early , when its secrets were unlocked , the Rosetta Stone has helped historians read many Egyptian texts . Some ancient languages , however , are still complete mysteries . Art and Architecture Looking at a society art can tell us more about a society than just what its people liked to draw or paint . One thing art may show us is religious beliefs . For example , you probably remember that have found Egyptian tombs full of beautifully crafted furniture , jewelry , toys , and other everyday items . The fact that the Egyptians placed these goods in tombs shows they believed the person buried there would need them . From this , we can conclude that the Egyptians believed in life after death . Art can also give us clues about a ety level of technology . Do you ber the Shang dynasty of China ?

Although there are gaps in our knowledge of that time , we have found beautiful bronze objects that are amazing for their detail . These art objects show us that the Shang had incredible metalworking skill . Architecture provides more evidence about societies . Clues come from the ber and types of buildings . For example , if archaeologists find many temples in the ruins of a small town , they can assume that religion was very important there . Or , if none of the houses in a place were than others , they may that no one was much richer than anyone else . The structure of the buildings selves can reveal clues , too . If an ancient castle had thick stone walls , perhaps war was a problem , and the people needed walls as protection from enemies . The beautiful temples that the Greeks built show the importance of the Greek gods . Similarly , buildings made with rounded arches show us the Romans engineering talents . Beliefs and Values Finally , historians and archaeologists use many sources to interpret the beliefs and values of a society . Written sources like the

teachings of Confucius tell us about the importance of the family to Chinese ety . The Code of tells us that the Babylonian ruler of long ago valued justice . Written speeches show that the early Romans thought highly of citizens who served the republic . Unwritten sources also provide mation . Greek statues of athletes and images of athletes on vases show the value that the Greeks placed on sports . ten sources can be harder to interpret , however . Sometimes archaeologists artifacts whose purpose is unclear . Often , experts think these objects are related to religious beliefs . Other experts disagree . To understand the cultures that created these mysterious objects , we must more . Generalizing of information can evidence reveal about past societies ?

Views of the Past Although we have evidence from many sources , our understanding of history changes . Archaeologists may new clues that change what experts think about a society . In addition , changes in our own society may alter our ideas about history . New Discoveries New historical evidence can change our understanding of when events happened . In recent years , archaeologists have found extremely old human bones in Africa and the Americas . These remains may require the time lines of human development to be completely rewritten . Another example comes from the tom of the Mediterranean Sea . Wrecks of Roman trading ships were recently found far off the Mediterranean coast . Scholars had thought that early Roman traders sailed their ships close to the coast . ACADEMIC purpose use or function in 1994 hikers found these cave paintings and others in , France . Roughly years old , the paintings are much older than other known cave paintings . The discovery has changed scientists ideas about activities and thought processes of peoples .

THE IMPACT TODAY The site of Troy is a attraction for Turkey . 14 CHAPTER The Legend of Troy The work of the German archaeologist Heinrich helped prove that Troy was not just a legend but a real The new suggests that sailors could navigate the open waters earlier than experts had thought . How we View a society can also change with new archaeological . Not long ago , historians thought the Maya of Central America were a peaceful people interested mainly in studying the stars and making art . When scholars out how to read more Maya writing , however , they found that Maya rulers often made war on their neighbors . Scholars also learned that Maya religion included , bloody rituals . New evidence can even shed new light on old stories . Heinrich ( and his search for the city of Troy serve as a good example . For centuries , place . excavated a hill in Turkey and found the remains of an ancient city that most modern scholars people had read Homer tales about the Trojan War in the and the Odyssey . Most people assumed they were just . however , thought they described real events in a real place . After years of searching and digging , found a whole civilization that no one knew had existed . He also found the site of Troy . New Interpretations Views of history also change depending on the time , place , and cultures within which historians live . The growth of democracy , the civil rights movement , and movements have affected how we study history . In the United States , for example , we now realize that women played key roles

As you study world history , think cally about what you learn , and be ready for change ! Because new evidence can appear , our own culture shifts , a rian must keep an open mind . Consider new evidence carefully , and be prepared to revise your understanding of history . Analyzing Why do views of history change ?

SUMMARY AND PREVIEW Artifacts and written evidence help archaeologists and historians study and reconsider many aspects of past societies . In the next chapter you will study what historians and other scholars have learned about the fall of the Roman Empire . om online Quiz KEYWORD 507 Reviewing Ideas . Terms . and People . i a . Define What is a society ?

I . Explain What could price lists and lists of workers wages tell us about a people economic system ?

Evaluate What type of evidence do you think would be the most difficult to interpret ?

Why ?

a . Identify What are two ways interpretations of history Section Assessment in history . In the past their contributions received little attention , but today many . have changed ?

historians study Women in . Explain Why should historians watch out for personal as a large group and as individuals . biases ?

The attention historians have paid critical Thinking A to rich and powerful people versus Identifying cause and Effect , fe nary or poor people is another example of copy the graphic , changing Views . Once rich and powerful use it to describe what we people got almost all of the attention in may learn about a culture after history books . Now historians also look at how Ordinary people lived . read an ancient language . Personal Of historians Can 3150 i Focus ON WRITING affect their views of the past . Political . ak . Analyzing the Evidence What can you learn about the or can In 15 ( mans See past from the ruins you have found ?

What can various Past times in Certain ' Historians must parts of the building tell you ?

What can you learn from the be Careful let their materials and arrangement of the building ?

Draw a map biases affect their work . of your building and label important clues . I THE ANCIENT WORLD I i Social Studies Skills Critical Thinking Analysis Participation 53 Analysis recognize that of history are to change as new information uncovered . Study Understanding Historical Interpretation Understand the Skill Historical interpretations are ways of explaining the past . They are based on what is known about the people , ideas , and events that make up history . Two historians can look at the same set of facts about a historical topic and see things in different ways . For example , historians decide which facts are the most important in explaining what happened and why . One person may believe certain facts are important , while someone else may believe other facts are more important . The amount of attention paid to different facts can lead historians to come up with different explanations of what happened in the past and why it happened . The result of focusing on different facts is ferent interpretations of history . In addition , if new facts are uncovered about a topic , they may cause historians to reconsider their ideas , and still more historical interpretations may result . Being able to recognize and evaluate different historical is a Valuable skill in the study of history . Learn the Skill Use the following guidelines to better understand and evaluate differing historical interpretations of people and events . Identify the main idea in how the topic is explained . What conclusions are reached ?

may not be directly stated . They may only be hinted at in the information provided . Identify the facts on which the writer or speaker has relied . Do these facts seem to support his or her explanation and conclusions ?

CHAPTER Determine if the writer or speaker has ignored important information about the topic . If so , the interpretation may be inaccurate or deliberately slanted to prove a particular point of view . Just because interpretations differ , one is not necessarily right and others As long as a person considers all the evidence , and draws based on a fair evaluation of that evidence , his or her interpretation is probably acceptable . Remember , however , that trained historians let the facts lead them to conclusions . People who start with a conclusion , select only facts that support it , and ignore opposing evidence produce tions that have little value for understanding history . Practice and Apply the Skill Reread the If you were there scenario in Section . Suppose that Historian A believes the king body is in the hill , and Historian believes it is at the bottom of the lake . Answer the following questions to evaluate their explanations of what happened to the king . Is the coin strong evidence to support Historian A interpretation ?

Explain why or why not . Should Historian ignore the local legend ?

If so , why ?

If not , how should he or she handle it ?

Suppose each historian asks you to be part of their expedition to the king body . Which historians group would you join ?

Explain why . Suppose one day the group digging in the hill pieces of pottery like those that were ally put in the grave of an important person . How might this discovery affect explanations of what happened to the king ?

Visual Summary the main ideas ofthe chapter . Using clues , historians study the past . Reviewing Vocabulary , Terms , and People Choose the letter of the answer that best completes each statement below . is the study of the past . Archaeology Societal structure . Literature History . A magazine article about an event that 100 years ago would be considered a ( elementary source . primary source . secondary source . source . A tooth from an ancient human skeleton is a ( fossil . artifact . remnant . document . The study of the past based on materials that people have left behind is history . biology . archaeology . geography . Standards Review Use the visual summary below to help you review They study people culture , technology , beliefs , and accomplishments . An example of a primary source is a ( textbook . journal entry . encyclopedia . dictionary . Jewelry , tools , toys , clothing , and broken dishes may be examples of fossils . primary sources . social objects . artifacts . If a historian studies how two events are connected , he may be studying the that one event had on the other . effect purpose cause change . A community of people who share a common culture is a town . country . society . social group . THE ANCIENT WORLD

Comprehension and Critical Thinking SECTION I ( Page ) a . Identify What two types of scholars gather clues to study the past ?

Analyze What more could an archaeologist learn from studying a group material culture than from just studying an artifact ?

Evaluate Do archaeologists or historians have a more difficult job ?

Why ?

SECTION ( Pages ) a . Describe What do scholars need to be able to interpret old languages ?

Why do changing perceptions about our society today affect history ?

Elaborate What may an archaeologist about a society if the weapons she found in a ruined city were well made but the farm tools were poorly made ?

What might cause her to change her conclusion ?

Reviewing Themes 11 . Society and Culture Why might different historians draw different conclusions about a culture social structure ?

12 . Religion What kinds of primary and ary sources could provide clues about a religious beliefs ?

Social Studies Skills Understanding Historical Interpretation Read the passage here and then answer the questions that follow . a If such a thing as a purely objective historian could exist , his work would be eating dust . Bias is only misleading when it is Tuchman . from Practicing History . What role does the writer think bias , or personal opinion , plays in historical interpretation ?

14 . Why is it not possible for a purely objective historian to exist ?

CHAPTER Using the Internet 15 . Activity Researching Changing Views of History Recent archaeological can change interpretations of history . Enter the activity word to explore recent discoveries . Choose an archaeological site that interests you and write a paragraph to summarize what was found there . research to how the at the site have changed historians views of that place or culture . Reading Skills Understanding Specialized Vocabulary Read the following passages from the text and answer the questions after each one . Some written sources are useful for answering questions about a society economic the value of its goods and services . I ) Where can you the of nomic situation ?

What is the ?

These items can tell us about economic systems . Archaeologists may Roman coins in China and Chinese coins in Rome . II Notice that economic systems is not . How can you out what that term means ?

What does economic system mean ?

18 . Writing Your Composition Now you are ready to , evaluate your building as if you were an ologist . Think about what will have changed in years . Many features of your building will no longer be meaningful . For example , an archaeologist of the future probably could not read department store signs that say or ladies Shoes . How can you gather tion from unwritten clues ?

Could you interpret something incorrectly ?

After considering these issues , draw your conclusions about the buildings meaning and use . Then write a letter to another scholar in which you try to convince him or her of your conclusions .

Standards Assessment letter of the best response . in this photo is a A secondary source . primary source and a fossil . primary source . mon culture is called a A class . society . religion . country . Can views of history change ?

A Yes , if new evidence is found is over primary sources are dead DIRECTIONS each question , and write the The tablet with ancient writing that is shown secondary source and an artifact . A community of people who share a No , because history happened in the past and Yes , because people keep creating new No , because the people who did the things I The source that would be least likely to vide information about a group religious beliefs is A an artifact found in a tomb . their sacred texts . their farming tools . their art . which statement best describes the of legends to history ?

A Legends prove that historians theories about events are correct . Legends can sometimes guide historians to new discoveries . Legends never provide useful information . Legends are the most useful sources of clues that historians can find . Connecting with Past Learnings In your study of ancient history last year , you read from many different sources . All of the following were primary sources except A the Code of . a chapter in your textbook . a quote from Homers poem the Odyssey the writing of a Greek philosopher . Which of the following from your study of humans earliest times in Grade is an example of a fossil ?

A a stone used for grinding seeds the remains of a hut the bone of a prehistoric animal an arrowhead found in an animal bone STUDYING THE ANCIENT WORLD 19