World Regional Geography Contents

Preface Introduction The Where and the Why The Spatial Perspective Core and Periphery The Physical Setting The Human Setting The World Regions of Geography Globalization and Inequality Europe European Physical Geography and Boundaries Cooperation and Control in Europe The Industrial Revolution European Migration Shifting National Identities Current Migration Patterns and Debates Russia Russia Physical Geography and Climate Settlement and Development Challenges Russian History and Expansion Russian and Tension Economics and Development in the Soviet Union The Modern Russian Landscape 25 25 28 33 37 38 41 44 44 48 61

. North America 64 North America Physical Setting 64 North American History and Settlement 70 Industrial Development in North America 74 The North American Urban Landscape 75 Patterns of Inequality in North America 80 North America Global Connections 82 . Middle and South America 84 The Geographic Features of Middle and South America 84 Colonization and Conquest in Middle America 91 The South American Colonial Landscape 95 Urban Development in South America 98 Income Inequality in Middle and South America 102 Patterns of Globalization in Middle and South America 104 . Africa 107 The Physical Landscape of Africa 107 Africa 12 African Colonization The Modern African Landscape 117 Economics and Globalization in Africa 121 . North Africa and Southwest Asia 125 North Africa and Southwest Asia Key Geographic Features 125 Cultural Adaptations in North Africa and 130 The Religious Hearths of North Africa and 134 Conquest in North Africa and Southwest Asia 138 The Modern Political Landscape of North Africa and Southwest Asia 139 Religious Conflict in North Africa and Southwest Asia 142 . South Asia 145 South Asia Physical Landscape 145 Patterns of Human Settlement in South Asia 150 Cultural Groups in South Asia 154 South Asia Population Dynamics 159 Future Challenges and Opportunities in South Asia 161

. 10 . East and Southeast Asia The Physical Landscape of East and Southeast Asia Natural Hazards in East and Southeast Asia East and Southeast Asia History and Settlement Political Conflicts and Changes East and Southeast Asia Patterns of Economic Development in East and Southeast Asia The Physical Landscape of The World Oceans and Polar Frontiers Biogeography in Australia and the Pacific The Patterns of Human Settlement in Australia and the Pacific The Changing Landscape of Glossary 163 163 166 169 174 176 182 182 187 192 194 198 203