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CHAPTER 91 Russian Domain Historical Geography II Who were the Tsars ?
by Fuse Studio Noun Who was the first king in the world ?
Probably we do not have an answer to that question , for it is likely that such a ruler existed before recorded history . Additionally , we might debate the question of what characteristics are needed for someone to be recognized as a king . However , we do know who was the first Tsar of Russia . Still , the first rulers of Russia were not known as tsars , nor were the original ruled lands the same as the lands of Russia now . Of course , as we go backwards in time and in historical geography , eventually we find small sections of land that were controlled by powerful men ( occasionally women ?
of the time . Control , power , size , inheritance , wealth , life expectancy , and other factors produced an ebb and flow of authority or at times the lack thereof . As it was around the world , eventually somewhere in what now we are calling the Russian Domain , enlarged and recognized central authority was consolidated . In the case of the Russian Domain , this first was . A group of Slavic lands centralized around Kiev were ruled by Prince Oleg from 892 to 912 . Other notable rulers of that time were Grand Prince Vladimir the Great ( and Grand Prince the Wise ( This 438
RUSSIAN DOMAIN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY II 439 state broke into pieces throughout the century , saw its authority decreased by a rise in the status of rival city Vladimir , and finally was conquered by the Mongols in the . The rise of Vladimir found its apex with the rule of Grand Prince Alexander , Following , the Vladimir region also fragmented , eventually creating a new opening to be filled by the rise of Moscow . Through several rulers ofthe Moscow region , it too paid tribute to the Mongols for numerous years . In 1533 at the age of three and upon his father death , Ivan IV was declared the Grand Prince of Moscow , though regents represented him until 1547 . At age sixteen , Ivan was crowned as Tsar of All the , thereby consolidating authority over the lands of , Kiev , Vladimir , and Moscow all the Russian lands . It was this Ivan whose armies conquered the Mongol forces of the city in 1552 , triggering the end of Mongol control of Russian lands . Ivan sought to expand Russia territory , including moving into Siberia . Because of the fearsomeness of Ivan rule , he gained the name Ivan the Terrible . Ivan IV was the first Tsar of Russia , among some thirty such rulers . Some of these Tsars were noteworthy , some barely a footnote in the historical record . But from where did this title come ?
The word often has been into the word However , Czar is a poor transliteration of the Russian word and in particular of the Cyrillic letter , The Cyrillic word for this royal title is . For experts in Russian or Slavic Studies , the Cyrillic letter LI , routinely is spelled in English . This is transliteration , the transference of letters or words of one language into the letters or words of a different language , as different than translation , which confers the meaning of words from one language to another . Thus , in English the word should be spelled Tsar . The original derivation of this word goes back to the Roman title Caesar . Portrait by , 7897 ( Moscow ) Public Domain .
440 JOEL QUAM AND SCOTT CAMPBELL Peter I , known to us as Peter the Great , ruled as Tsar from . Both great in physical size and in accomplishments , Peter declared Russia as an empire , thus beginning the use of the term Emperor as well as Tsar . Standing ' Peter was a giant of the era , at least a foot taller than the average male . In numerous ways , Peter transformed Russia . Peter built the city Petersburg on the Baltic Sea and transferred the national capital there from Moscow . He reformed , modernized , and his Russian empire . He built the first Russian navy and greatly expanded the territory of the empire . Catherine II was one of few female Russian monarchs . Catherine the Great ruled from 1762 to 1796 , one of the longest reigns of a queen anywhere . Hers was a golden age for Russia , often called the Russian Enlightenment . Alexander II was in power from 1855 to 1881 . His reign was marked by the revolutionary change of the freeing ofthe serfs from their landlords , giving some 23 million their rights as full citizens of Russia . Ironically , he was assassinated by revolutionaries who felt that he was not progressive enough . Nicholas II was the last Russian Tsar . Assuming the throne in 1894 , he served as Tsar until 1917 , when the monarchy was The abolished by the Russian Revolution . Nicholas and his family were by ' executed in 1918 by the Bolshevik Communists . Did You Know ?
The German word ' also comes from the Roman title Caesar . The novel by Frederick features the premise of the return of the position of the Tsar as a tactic of disinformation in modern day Russia . CITED AND ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY , Viktor . 1897 . Tsar The Terrible . Public Domain .