Introduction to LGBTQ+ Studies A Cross-Disciplinary Approach Contents

CONTENTS Introduction An Open Invitation to Studies Deborah PART I THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS Chapter Thirty Years of Queer Theory Miller ( Research Resources compiled by Rachel ) PART II GLOBAL HISTORIES Chapter Global Anthropology , Past , Present , and Future Russo ( Research Resources compiled by Rachel ) PROFILE Lukas from Rita PROFILE van Chapter Queer New World Challenging in Archaeology lames ( Research Resources compiled by ) 20 50 70 73 90

iv PART III HISTORIES Chapter History Clark ( Research Resources compiled by Carrie ) PROFILE Sexuality Sexology , Psychoanalysis , and the Law er Miller and Chapter Legal History Dara . Research Resources compiled by Rachel ) PROFILE Hate Crimes in the United States Histories and Debates PART IV AND HEALTH Chapter Prejudice and Discrimination against People Sean , Sarah Young , and Ann ( Research Resources compiled by and Rachel ) PROFILE Minority Stress and Couples David Frost Chapter Health and Wellness Thomas Lawrence Long , Christine Rodriguez , Marianne Snyder , and Ryan . Watson ( Research Resources compiled by Stephen ) 121 140 164 179 199 215 233 PART RELATIONSHIPS , FAMILIES , AND YOUTH Chapter Relationships and Families Sarah Young and Sean ( Research Resources compiled by and Rachel ) PROFILE Family Building Challenges and Opportunity Christa Craven 267 289

Chapter Education and Youth 311 Kimberly Fuller ( Research Resources compiled by Montague and Melody ) PROFILE Inclusion in Teaching and Learning 330 Prescott PART VI CULTURE Chapter 10 Screening 350 ( Research Resources compiled by Susan Wood ) PROFILE Giving Voice to Black Gay Men through Marlon Riggs Untied 372 Marquis PROFILE How One Day at a Time Avoids Negative Queer 37 Chapter 11 Literature 395 Edited by Miller Children Picture Books 399 Miller in Lesbian Young Adult Literature 409 Maddison Lauren Simmons Trans and Characters in Young Adult Literature 414 Robert Comics 423 and Cathy Corder Lesbian and Gay Pulp Fiction 432 Cathy Corder Memoir and Life Writing 441 Olivia Wood

vi Contents PART RESEARCH Chapter 12 A Practical Guide for Studies 461 Rachel and Contributors 482 Index 491 An earlier Version of the research in chapter , Lukas from , was published on A River of Hummingbirds ( I would especially like to thank Mario , the Very talented photographer , for use of the stunning photographs . An earlier version of the second research for chapter , was published on Africa Is a Country , Not the Continent with 55 Countries (

Introduction An Open Invitation to Studies At the 1984 Hacker Convention , Stewart Brand reportedly uttered the classic phrase Information wants to be Among this several interpretations is the one a belief that all people should be able to freely access information and that information should be openly circulated . And I would like to suggest that if wants to be free , queer information , especially , should always be free . This textbook is dedicated to the bold idea that information and education should be free and widely accessible across age , race , class , gender , and other as the are all too often invoked to divide peoples . In the last few years we have a global pandemic , the rise of a radical form of domestic political extremism , a racial reckoning sparked by the murders of George Floyd and Taylor , and the revival of culture wars that are not struggles over culture but really about politics and power . In this volatile context , this textbook is more important than ever , especially as nearly one in five young adults globally who are members of Generation ( born after 1997 ) identify as not being straight and almost percent as not being ?

Free and empowering information is the only answer to the politics of hatred and divisiveness . The information in this textbook can empower readers because it provides an introduction to and an overview of studies for students and the curious public . It is an Open Educational Resource ( OER ) which means that it carries an open license so that all its content can be retained , reused , revised , remixed , and redistributed for free , as long as authorship is clearly attributed . The State University of New York ( Library is publishing and maintaining this free , online resource . Additionally , Press is publishing paperback and hardcover copies of the textbook for those who would like to hold the text in their hands . Producing an textbook for studies embodies the spirit of the political struggle for the rights of gender and sexual minorities that also animates the itself . This textbook is free for everyone to use it is community oriented and a cultural production

Introduction to Studies grounded in the struggle to challenge stereotypes , silences , and untruths that have long been circulated about lesbians , gays , bisexuals , trans folk , queer and people , our histories , and our cultures . It a kind of project for the century . It also helps combat the high cost of a college education in the United States , and around the world . Students all too often simply can not afford to purchase textbooks for their classes because the books cost too much . This political struggle for the human rights of gender and sexual minorities continues today . Research and writing on issues remains vitally important . Equality has advanced in the United there is federal recognition of marriage equality , for example , and enhanced visibility for transgender issues on many college simultaneously , backlash and hostility toward people is spread . people continue to experience hate crimes at unacceptable levels , and state legislators continue to try to pass laws and Similarly , there are advances in terms of global and , two former British colonies , have struck down laws against homosexual violations of human rights still occur worldwide . This textbook speaks directly to a broad range of audiences by engaging these critically important social issues . This textbook a number of needs for both academic readers and the general public . First , it is the only free , openly licensed textbook on issues in the world . It offers accessible , academically sound information on a wide range of , relationships , families , parenting , health , and a chapter on how to conduct research in studies . Second , it employs an intersectional analysis , highlighting how sexuality and gender are simultaneously experienced and constructed through other structures of inequality and privilege , such as race and class . This intersectional analysis is grounded in social theory and a commitment to racial equality . Third , it expands the temporal and spatial perspectives on issues , from the ancient world to more contemporary regions . Finally , it aims to support multiple learning styles by integrating visual elements and multimedia resources throughout the textbook . This textbook has evolved over several years of research , writing , with a host of colleagues across the United States and indeed the world . It was originally borne out of my experience teaching the Introduction to Studies course in the online environment at Empire State college . Empire dents are typically older ( average age ) working full or part

Introduction time , and taking care of their families , including parents , children , or both . They are struggling to secure a college degree and to learn more about the world they live in . What is most striking about the students in the they identify as or both their genuine curiosity and their deep desire to learn more so that they can advocate for family members or serve as allies to friends and colleagues in the workplace . Many work in human services , health care , or in educational settings , and they want to know more about how to better support youth and the discrimination they witness . The textbook for this class cost 93 , and I found myself buying textbooks for students when they could not afford them . Out of these experiences came this textbook , an answer to the need for access to critically ant information on lives , for free . In January 2019 a call for participants to create this textbook , placed through the Rebus Community platform , received dozens of answers from people within hours . I and Sean , who agreed to serve as coeditor , sifted through dozens of impressive resumes to the right mix of proposed topics , relevant expertise , and comprehensive coverage . Thanks to a grant from OER Services , we were able to hold a shop in Springs in spring of 2019 , where most of the authors met , shared their work , brainstormed learning outcomes and textbook design , and generally enjoyed each other company . During 2019 , each chapter was peer reviewed at least once and reviewed by the , and the entire textbook was also peer reviewed . The beta version of the textbook launched in spring 2020 through OER Services . On the basis of feedback about that version , we recruited Miller to organize a chapter on literature , which strengthened part VI , on culture . Along the way , she became a coeditor . sequently , Press joined the project , and the entire textbook was substantially revised to include pedagogical supports and create a uniform structure . Allison Brown served as project manager and digital publishing expert for the entire project . She also served as an editor and developed key content for the pedagogical supports . Her expertise in digital , deft project management skills , and cool , calm have kept the project on track and moving in the right direction for four long years . We hope you enjoy the results of our The next section studies and the textbook within the . The last section provides an overview of the organization of the textbook so that readers will have a sense of the range of topics and ideas that they will encounter .

Introduction to Studies Figure . The authors hard at work at the spring 2019 event where we brainstormed learning outcomes and textbook design . Deborah . Figure . Collective editing of the textbooks learning objectives in spring 2019 . Deborah .

Introduction WHAT IS STUDIES ?

studies examines issues relating to sexual orientation and der identity , usually focusing on lesbian , gay , bisexual , trans , and queer the their histories and cultures . In the century , that collection of identities has expanded to include asexual , questioning , intersex , and peoples and myriad other genders and the plus sign in . The relies on and from methods to arrive at new ideas and theories , and it has always been closely aligned with different forms of political activism . This means that scholars in studies might combine historical analysis with ideas from literary analysis to make sense of their own experience or the experiences of others with whom they have conducted . Finally , the is hard to simply because it is always evolving and always questioning the politics and poetics of its own practitioners . In fact , different names have marked different periods in the it was gay and lesbian studies in the beginning , then came the birth of queer theory in the , and we call it studies now . However it is described , studies is dedicated to the simple notion that discrimination against human sexual and gender diversity is wrong . Rather , gender and sexual diversity are to be valued and celebrated but also critically analyzed and theorized , for everyone . studies as a of inquiry has grown out of various liberation movements in the latter half of the twentieth century in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Canada . Indeed , academic have a long history of emerging in response to activist movements and the accompanying demands to understand and legitimate the histories , and cultures of oppressed peoples . For example , in the United States the civil rights and Black power movements of the , and gave rise to Black studies , and feminist of the and gave rise to women studies , or gender studies as it is now often known . As Solomon and Paisley argue , studies has its origins in the gay activism that marks its symbolic birth with the Stonewall uprising of Leaders in what was initially called gay and lesbian studies were also active in lesbian , gay , and trans liberation movements in the United States and United Kingdom , including Esther Newton , Weeks , Larry Kramer , Jonathan Ned ( founder of Gay Academic Union ) and Leslie At a very basic level , what was originally called the gay liberation movement gave birth to a new and lesbian studies . In this , scholars developed new analyses and research to

Introduction to Studies challenge the silences and erasure of lesbian and gay lives from history , art , politics , and public policy . Activists and scholars sought to build new institutions and transform old ones . Gay interest groups within academic professional organizations were organized , and archives such as the bian Archives ( in 1974 ) were set up to safeguard histories , memorabilia , and literature that document lesbian experience . Community centers were founded to provide social , psychological , and material port for community members , and cultural institutions were established to ensure the creation and production of literature , music , and art . Olivia Records was founded in 1973 by radical lesbian feminist members of the Washington , collective the Furies and the , and the Michigan Music Festival was founded in 1976 . Another key component of our definition of studies is a form of analysis called intersectional feminism that emerged in the as Black lesbians critiqued racism within the white women movement ( and women studies ) and sexism and homophobia among Black ( and in Black studies ) Radical women of color set about creating their own institutions and articulating their own theories , including the River Collective in Boston and Kitchen Table Press ( founded in 1980 ) The River Collective Statement is an important , early statement of intersectional Crenshaw coined the term in 1989 as part of her work in critical race theory . The importance of this analysis has not diminished , as evidenced by shaw 2016 Ted Talk , The Urgency of By the , the pandemic had started to decimate gay communities , creating a sense of fury and desperation among gays and lesbians and a growing mainstream backlash as well . Lesbian and gay activism took increasingly radical approaches , perhaps best by ACT AIDS Coalition to Unleash Queer Nation . These groups articulated a radical critique of straight culture and developed tactics to disrupt business as usual and push the US . medical establishment to attend to the ravages of the disease . Within academic , queer theory was born , and perhaps most closely with the work of theorists like Michel , Butler , and Eve wick ( see chapter , Thirty Years of Queer Theory ) At the same time , in a synergistic relationship among activist movements , the academy , and human services , new names for a broader array of sexual and gender identities emerged , including trans and queer . And somewhere along the way , the meanings of gender and became much more complicated . The story of studies is complicated , ongoing , and hard to understand , but one important element is that it emerged in relationship to historical and political forces hard at work in the late twentieth century . Moreover , we emphasize that our of studies is a broad

Introduction and inclusive one . We rely on an intersectional feminist analysis to remind us that discrimination and oppression are not simple , unilinear forces . Rather , multiple interlocking systems of racism , sexism , and all our lives in different and complex ways . An additional goal of this textbook is to embrace the original impulse of queer theory to challenge and disrupt the conventions of straight , white , America . And we heed the call of trans theory to think against the grain and across traditional of sexuality and gender . Finally , in the new millennium of the century , we embrace and seek to celebrate and empower gender and sexual identities and ing . To get a sense of the breadth and depth of this gender and sexual revolution , review National Glossary of Terms . LEARNING OBJECTIVES Chapter Thirty Years of Queer Theory Identify key approaches and debates within the of queer theory . Explain the social construction of sex , gender , and sexuality . Describe the relationship among history , political activism , and studies . Summarize the personal , theoretical , and political differences of the , gay liberation , radical feminism , rights , and queer movements . Chapter Global Identify key approaches used in studies , including anthropology . Define key terms relevant to particular methods of people and issues , such as anthropology and ethnography . Identify examples of desire and temporary lives . Describe the connections between identities and embodied experiences . Describe from an perspective .

Introduction to Studies Analyze how key social institutions shape , and enforce structures of inequality . Describe how people struggle for social justice within ical of inequality . Identify forms of activism globally . Chapter Queer New World studies and queer theory , and explain why queer theory matters in the of archaeology . Explain the social construction of sex , gender , and sexuality in both the present and the ancient past . key terms such as ' gender per , and binary oppositions , and explain how they ence interpretations of the past . Describe from an perspective . Discuss archaeology as a key within anthropology . Chapter US . History Explain the social construction of sex , gender , and sexuality . Summarize the history of genders and , including homosexuality , bisexuality , and transgender identity , as well as queer identity and activism . Describe from an perspective . Analyze how key social institutions shape , and enforce structures of inequality . Describe how people struggle for social justice within ical of inequality . Describe several examples of activism , particularly in relation to other struggles for civil rights . Identify key approaches used in studies , including the study of history . key terms relevant to particular methods of people and issues , such as and

Introduction primary sources . Describe the relationship between history , political activism , and studies . Summarize the personal , theoretical , and political differences of the , gay liberation , radical feminism , rights , and queer movements . Chapter Legal History Describe how people struggle for social justice within ical of inequality . Recognize that progress faces resistance and does not follow a linear path . Identify key approaches within studies , and discuss at least the legal history approach in detail . Chapter Prejudice and Discrimination against People Describe the connections between identities and embodied experiences . Analyze how key social institutions shape , define , and enforce structures of inequality . Describe how people struggle for social justice within ical of inequality . Explain how different understandings of sexuality and gender affect and of people . Chapter Health and Wellness Summarize the history of genders and , including homosexuality , bisexuality , and transgender identity , as well as queer identity and activism . Describe the connections between identities and embodied experiences . Describe from an perspective . Analyze how key social institutions shape , define , and enforce

10 Introduction to Studies structures of inequality . Chapter Relationships and Families Explain the social construction of sex , gender , and sexuality . Describe the ways that people form relationships and the of relationships . Describe the myths that exist regarding the quality of relationships and the research that refutes those myths . Describe how people struggle for social justice within ical of inequality . Describe some of the negative consequences of homophobia , and minority stress and the ways people manage those consequences . Identify different types of family formations , ing challenges to family formation and family building . Describe sources of stress and buffers for families and for individuals within their families of origin . Analyze how key social institutions shape , and enforce structures of inequality . Describe challenges that some families have in interacting with public and private systems , including legal , health care and human services , and educational systems . Describe the relationship between history , political activism , and studies . Articulate the queer viewpoint on relationships and families . Chapter Education and Youth Describe the connections between identities and embodied experiences . Recognize the steps of coming out and the range of responses for gender and sexuality identities . Describe how people struggle for social justice within

Introduction ical of inequality Differentiate between the components making schools and inclusive and those needing improvements . Assess resources for youth facing discrimination , oppression , and . Describe from an perspective . Analyze how key social institutions shape , and enforce structures of inequality . Identify health and education disparities for gender and sexuality identities . Chapter 10 Screening Summarize the cinematic history of genders and , including homosexuality , bisexuality , and transgender identity . Summarize the history of censorship as it relates to normative genders and , including homosexuality , bisexuality , and transgender identity . Identify key approaches to critiquing explicit and coded identities and themes in . Discuss at least one approach in detail and apply it to an original interpretation of queer . Chapter 11 Literature Identify and describe resistance to cultural to literary ( comics , literature ) Explain how content creators overcame censorship to create varied and complex representations of , desires , and lives . Describe that emerge in particular of literature . Explain literature role in identity and community formation .

12 Introduction to Studies OVERVIEW OF THE TEXTBOOK This textbook is organized into seven parts , each with one or more that provide a broad overview on a particular topic in a disciplinary approach . Each chapter starts by stating the relevant learning objectives and ends with a Key Questions section for class discussion that points back to those objectives . Pedagogical supports include resources listed at key places in the chapter and at the chapter end , with discussion or suggestions for learning activities , such as presentation topics , creative responses , and debate questions . Many chapters also include one or more sections , which provide looks at particular issues relevant to the broader topic of the chapter . are at the end of each chapter . Part , Theoretical Foundations , consists of chapter , Thirty Years of Queer Theory , by Miller . It examines the emergence of queer theory and queer theoretical interventions into understandings of gender and sexual identities . It key concepts and theorists in queer theory , and it explores queer theory at the intersection of gender , race , and ability . Part 11 , Global Histories , explores different understandings and manifestations of gender and sexuality throughout history and from a global perspective . It provides readers with a historically based standing of identities , lives , and rights in the United States and the complex ways these phenomena have changed and been contested over time . Its two chapters explain how gender and sexual diversity is the rule , rather than the exception , across all human cultures . In chapter , Global Anthropology , Past , Present , and Future , Russo the many functions , meanings , practices , and methods of conceptualization for sexuality . Across different cultures and societies , as well as throughout history , sexuality has come to an entire spectrum of phenomena . Two accompany this chapter . Rita introduces the work of the artist and anthropologist Lukas in Mexico . van positions identities within the movement and cally in relation to religion and activism . Chapter , Queer New World Challenging in Archaeology , by , explores how new theories of sex and sexuality that have emerged from feminist studies , gender studies , and queer theory have changed the way we see the lives of ancient people . In particular , the assumption that heterosexuality and is and always has been the norm in human culture is challenged . In particular , describes behaviors and identities

Introduction in ancient . Both chapters help us rethink some of our basic assumptions about gender and sexuality and what is Moving from a global perspective , part III focuses on histories in relation to lives . In chapter , History , Clark traces the development of concepts , identities , and movements in the United States from white settler colonialism through the nineteenth century . The broadening from thinking of sexuality as to sexuality as identity is highlighted , as is the subsequent ment of homosexual communities in the twentieth century . Toward this end , the by Miller and Clark documents how the science of sexology introduced the idea that attraction was a pathological identity born of mental illness that correlated with gender transgression . chapter also evaluates the political strategies that organizing , including the civil rights movement , radical Left tactics , and from 19605 and student organizing and feminism . sketches how , in response to the AIDS epidemic , Americans developed institutions and new forms of political activism that included the rise of queer politics . In chapter , Legal History , Dara explores the history of constitutional law in the United States and how it has served as the context for critical legal battles . She considers the tenets that paved the way for recognition of sexual rights and the process that eventually led the Supreme Court to extend these rights to include lesbian and gay people . The chapter addresses the question of marriage ity . This overview of legal history is supplemented by on hate crimes in the United States . The hate crimes and summarizes the history of laws , at both the federal and the state levels . A map in the depicts the very uneven development of hate crime laws across the United States , notwithstanding ongoing violence against people . Part IV , Prejudice and Health , begins by drawing on social research to understand how discrimination and prejudice affect people . In chapter , Prejudice and Discrimination against People , Sean , Sarah Young , and Ann emphasize that even though there have been great strides in recent years in terms of acceptance in the United States and elsewhere , ongoing forms of prejudice , discrimination , and violence remain . Their chapter reviews the prevalence and trends of prejudice in the United States sets out what is known about its nature , origins , and consequences provides a historical overview of attempts to and measure it and reviews the variables that increase or reduce its impact on the lives of people . Finally , they also discuss the resistance

14 Introduction to Studies and resilience shown by the community in response to prejudice and discrimination . In the accompanying , Minority Stress and , David Frost analyzes discrimination and structural violence on couples that results in minority stress . He and his colleagues have conducted several studies to understand how sexual minority and members of relationships experience stigma related to their intimate relationships . He demonstrates that stigma harms their mental health and the quality of their relationships . Chapter , Health and Wellness , explores the history and culture of medicine in relation to people . The Long , Christine Rodriguez , Marianne Snyder , and Ryan vulnerabilities across the lifespan and across intersectional identities and disease prevention and health promotion . These experts identify both the negative outcomes for peoples health and the resistance by people to the of queer sexuality . Queer have sought to take health into their own hands , particularly in relation to the epidemic . The authors also discuss mental health and transgender people health , and they conclude with advice on how to be a smart patient and health care consumer . Part , Relationships , Families , and Youth , continues to draw on psychology research to explore relationships and families and the experiences of youth in educational settings . In chapter , Relationships and Families , Sarah Young and Sean explore the complex worlds of intimate relationships and the varied ways that people form families . In her , Family ing Challenges and Opportunity , Christa Craven shares insights from her research on the reproductive challenges and experiences of loss that many lesbian and gay couples in the United States face . She argues that support resources should be more inclusive , to help families who experience reproductive loss . In chapter , Education and Youth , Kim Fuller the social and educational barriers to healthy youth ment , such as inequities and injustice . She also shows the resiliency of youths and the role supportive adults can assume in facilitating positive youth development . She describes the coming out process for young people and how educational institutions and settings can sabotage or support that process . In the complementing this chapter , Prescott reviews the current state of inclusion in ten through educational settings and its consequences for learning outcomes for youth .

Introduction 15 Part VI , Culture encompasses two important realms of life and literature . In chapter 10 , Screening , reviews various forms of and media from the beginnings of the cinematic form to the contemporary milieu of producing web series and viewing on smartphones . The chapter addresses milestone and other visual media along with laws , political , technological developments , genres , movements , and controversies , in the United States . analysis reveals that other structures of particular , race and interacted in complex ways with gender and sexuality in the history and contemporary of representations , both large and small . Two take an look at this theme . In Giving Voice to Black Gay Men through Marlon Riggs Tongues Untied , Marquis Bey thoughtfully analyzes a canonical in the archive of Black queer cinema . The 1989 Untied explicitly addresses , interrogates , and celebrates Black gay identity and culture . Bey also meditates on Riggs biography and his relationship to the marginalized voices , Black gay cultural practices , and politics of sexuality within Black communities . In the second , How One Day at a Time Avoids Negative Queer , argues that the queer characters of this series are presented in a way that offers nuanced and positive depictions to its queer viewers and allies . Chapter 11 , Literature , does try to capture the varied literature within a single narrative arc . Instead , Miller , the chapter editor , gathered several discussions that explore of literature children literature , young adult literature , comics , pulp , and memoir . The discussion authors think of literature as both a product and a producer of history . It plays an essential role in the creation of culture and the formation of and identities . Each discussion focuses on , or themes , that emerge in that . Miller discussion offers an engaging look at children picture books as an important source of empowerment for youth and families . She traces the history of the picture book in the United States and reviews some of the controversies that surround positive imagery of life designed for children . The next two discussions explore young adult literature Maddison Lauren Simmons examines in lesbian young adult literature , and Robert explores trans and gender nonconforming characters . The last three discussions explore comics , by and Cathy Corder lesbian and gay pulp , by Cathy Corder and oir and life writing by Olivia Wood .

16 Introduction to Studies Part , Research , comprises chapter 12 , A Practical Guide for Studies . The chapter offers practical steps for conducting research . In a world where infinite amounts of information appear online , the search for reliable information can be challenging . Rachel and Phillips wrote this chapter to help people search for information and resources in an effective , mindful manner . They provide tips on what to ask and where to look . This ter is intended to complement the Research Resources sections in the chapters and can support student research assignments in class . Introduction to Studies A Approach will acquaint readers with many of the compelling topics found under the broad umbrella of studies . Although our intention was to vide global coverage of issues , this first edition centers on North America , and particularly the United States . We hope to create a truly global version of this textbook in the future . Nonetheless , we do believe that the textbook you are now viewing on a screen ( or holding in your hands ) represents a contribution to the archive of knowledge and literature . Last but not least , enjoy ! This project spanned four years , involved several organizations , and called on dozens of contributors . Thanks to everyone who added their work or art or insights your generosity and talent were inspiring and are very much appreciated . We are grateful for the help of a few key individuals and whom we would like to acknowledge individually . First , OER Services provided financial support for this project with funds from New York States budget allocation for Open Educational Resources . The Rebus Foundation , and especially Zoe Wake Hyde and Ashok , included us in their work on developing resources for the creation of OER textbooks . We learned a great deal about the process of creating and developing textbooks along the way , and we benefited enormously from the resources created by folks at the Rebus Foundation . Thanks to Empire State College for supporting our project . This support included a sabbatical for Deborah in the spring of 2019 , and a PILLARS grant . We especially recognize Kate , who ably organized the June 2019 workshop in for authors Amanda , who chased down permissions for us when we thought all was lost and Meg , provost , who contributed

Introduction 17 enthusiasm and unfailing encouragement . Everyone help has meant a great deal . Allison Brown enlisted the help of the student assistants Nicole and jack , who helped to make the chapters even more beautiful with openly licensed images and artwork . Thanks as well to Library at for hosting the online , digital OER versions of the textbook . Some glossary terms in chapters , and are edited of definitions found on Wikipedia and and are licensed under a Creative Commons License . For the Press edition , we thank Mary Ann Short , who did an awesome job on a developmental edit of the entire text and then the stages . Special thanks to Tim , executive director of Press , who saw the value in this project and supported us in the last two years ( Finally , a thousand thanks to Rachel , our lead librarian and a contributing author , for aging the bevy of librarians who answered the call to develop annotated for each and every chapter . Finally , thanks to everyone who responded to calls for participation and pleas for help in producing two editions of this textbook . Indeed , as Rita Mae Brown once wrote , An army of lovers shall not fail . We love this project , and together we have made it happen . NOTES . Polk Wagner , Information Wants to Be Free Intellectual Property and the Mythologies of Control , Columbia Law Review 103 ( 2003 ) Moreau , Nearly in Young Adults Say They re Not Straight , Global Survey Finds , News , June , 2021 , 70003 . Movement Advancement Project , Hate Crimes , accessed March 14 , 2022 , Rebus Community ( website ) OER Services ( website ) Deborah and Sean , Studies An Open Textbook , beta edition spring 2020 , Solomon and , introduction to Queer Ideas The David Kessler Lectures in Lesbian and Gay Studies ( New York Feminist Press Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies , 2003 ) and Munt , introduction to Lesbian and Gay ies A Critical Introduction , ed . and Munt ( London , 1997 ) Weeks , The Social Construction of Sexuality Interview with jeffrey Weeks , in Introducing the New Sexuality Studies , ed . Fischer ,

18 Introduction to Studies and Meeks ( London , 2006 ) Solomon and , duction Stryker , The Roots ' Revolution ( New York Seal Press , 2017 ) The River Collective Statement , in Home Girls A Black Feminist Anthology , ed . Barbara Smith ( New York Kitchen Table Press ) and see River Collective ( website ) Crenshaw , The Urgency of , October 2016 , TED Talk , National Glossary of Terms , accessed January 11 , 2022 ,