Human Behavior and the Social Environment I Contents

Contents Introduction Part I . The Person in Environment Chapter How We Use Our Expectations 25 Part II . The Bio ) Dimension Chapter Lifes Jan Theories 79 Part III . The Dimension Cha ) ter Theoretical Perspectives 105 Cha ) ter The Elements of Culture 120 Part IV . The Social Chan We Dimension Cha ) ter Social Categorization 161 Cha ) ter Favoritism Prejudice 191 Cha ) ter Reducing Discrimination 210 Chapter Racial Ethnic Inequality 233

Part I ' Development Chapter Prenatal Development ere dit Prenatal Development i Part VI . Development in Cha ) ter 10 Development in Cha ) ter 11 Cognitive Development in Cha ) ter 12 Development in Emotions Forming Attachments Part . in Early Childhood Cha ) ter 13 Physical Development in Early Childhood Cha ) ter 14 Cognitive Development in Childhood Cha ) ter 15 Development in Childhood Part VIII . in Childhood Chapter 16 Physical Development in Middle Childhood 279 280 291 320 347 387 425 429 433 465 502 551 603

Cha ) ter 17 Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood Cha ) ter 18 Development in Middle Childhood Part in Chapter 19 Development in Adolescence Chapter 20 Cognitive Development in Adolescence Chapter 21 Psychosocial Development in Adolescence Part in Adulthood Cha ) ter 22 Physical Development in Early Cha ) ter 23 Cognitive Development in Cha ) ter 24 Development in Part . in Middle Adulthood Chapter 25 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood Chapter 26 Development in Middle Adulthood Chapter 27 Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood 630 690 733 763 786 815 861 897 959 1023 1064

Part . in Late Adulthood ) ter 28 Physical Development in Late Cha ) ter 29 Cognitive Development in Late Cha ) ter 30 Development in Late Additional Resources this book ! 1135 1197 1245 1299 1302 Why do people do the things they do ?

Thats what we are here to find out Human Behavior and the Social Environment ( How do they connect ?

How does it shape us ?

Why do we think and feel the way we do ?

This will be explored throughout this course by examining human behavior throughout life stage developments and our interactions with the social environment . This course will explore theoretical perspectives in Social Work to help provide a foundation for organizing thoughts about client needs and issues they are seeking supports for . Theories will then be connected to important developmental , social , and cultural issues that present throughout each stage of life to create an overall picture of a client experience and how we can use this information to have a better understanding of how people we work with are influenced and why . Knowledge typical development in each stage of life will also inform the Worker if any other supports , resources , or services may be needed . Social workers are knowledgeable about human behavior across the life course the range of social systems in which people live and the ways social systems promote or deter people in maintaining or achieving health and . Social workers apply theories and knowledge from the liberal arts to understand biology , social , cultural , psychological and spiritual development . 2008 , There is no single definition for . I encourage you to think Introduction

about what it means to you . In Social Work , rarely do we work with people whose problems are straightforward . Typically we encounter problems that are complex and interconnected on several levels and require looking at the relationships between behaviors and environments . We like to explore as much as possible in Social Work and use of theories within various dimensions ( biological , psychological , social , and spiritual ) allows us to have a broader knowledge base in several different areas to have a better understanding and ability to put it all together to assess and intervene with client concerns . We will utilize to work in connecting each theory , approach , perspective , and life stage of development throughout this course . Each section will begin with a vignette that will be incorporated throughout to demonstrate examples of each concept ( that is not covered in your readings ) Life stage development will be used as an unfolding case to allow you to work in critical thinking of how the theories , approaches , and perspectives connect throughout each life stage . Social Work Values Service engage in this by helping people address and hopefully resolve their also engage in service through volunteering time to organizations within the community ( boards , mentoring programs , etc ) Social Justice advocate and fight against social injustices for groups generally focusing in areas of poverty , discrimination , education , unemployment , etc . Introduction

Integrity We must always work to be trustworthy , honest , and responsible in our work and with our clients . Competence always strive to improve our knowledge and expertise through continuous learning and education . Human relationships connect as partners throughout the process also work to improve relationships within the clients system to help improve overall functioning through increased supports . Dignity value and respect each person we meet and engage with compassion and respect . Critical Thinking Skills What is it ?

I Reasoning interest in the unknown whats going ?

I Evaluating challenging appearances what do you think you see what you actually see ?

I making explore all sides and determine the best decision . Introduction I Analyzing how do they connect ?

What does it all mean ?

How does it all add up ?

Best decision ?

Time for reflection . Why is this important ?

Theories , approaches , and perspectives help lay the foundation for any realistic and rational practice in any field . Our professional values lay the foundation on which social work mission is based . They help guide us in decision making as they are directed towards a specific purpose and help us to grow and develop . Justification for your decisions we must use critical thinking skills to explore and process how decisions may impact our clients and we must be able to discuss how our decisions were determined . About the Author Susan Tyler , Clinical Assistant Professor , University of Arkansas , AR Professor Tyler has been teaching at the School of Social Work since Spring 2018 . Before joining the School of Social Work , she worked in a community based mental health agency for over 10 years with a focus in Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health and Mental Health services revolving around issues Introduction

related to trauma , abuse , attachment , anxiety , depression , domestic violence , foster care , adjustments , disruptive behaviors , and , through use of play therapy techniques and dyadic interventions . Be the change you wish to see in the world Mahatma Gandhi You can do it Rob Schneider References Commission on Accreditation . 2008 ) Handbook . Council on Social Work Education . Introduction

The Meaning Behind This Book I began my career in Social Work working in the mental health field with a focus in Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health . I realized during this time just how much a persons experiences and their environments impacted all aspects of their lives , including why they made the choices or responded the way they did . After a little over a decade of mental health work , I had an opportunity to make a change in my career and joined the world of academia . During my first semester teaching , I became aware of the Open Educational Resources at our university and immediately thought of the benefits of transitioning this course with providing a free , online accessible textbook that would support both students and instructors alike in exploring human behavior , social environment , and life stage development . I began working with the University library system to compile different chapters from different open and free textbooks from other disciplines and then added original content to support connection to Social Work foundations and practice in the first four sections , as well as creating to use throughout each section . This text will support the reader with a deeper understanding of Social Work theories , perspectives , and approaches , life stage development , and connection of how they are utilized in organizing , assessing , and planning for client support . It is my hope you will come away from this course seeing others through a lens of empathy , compassion , and curiosity , stopping to ask yourself , what must they have experienced in their life ?

to gain a better understanding before jumping to conclusions or assumptions of others . We are all unique . Don judge , understand instead . Roy Bennett Human Behavior and the Social Environment I is adapted from various work produced and distributed under the Creative Commons License . Below , is the list of all adapted chapters used in the making of this book . Cover Image Image by from . Chapter Adapted from Chapter from Principles of Social Psychology by the University of Minnesota under the Creative Commons International License , except where otherwise noted . Chapter Adapted from Chapter Lifespan Theories in , Psychology . Oct , 2019 contents . Download or free contents . Chapter Adapted from Theoretical Perspectives by Rice University under the Creative Commons license . Chapter Adapted from Chapter from Sociology by the University of Minnesota under the Creative Commons International License , except where otherwise . Chapter from Chapter from Principles Social Psychology by the University of Minnesota under the Creative Commons International License , except where otherwise noted . Chapter from Chapter from Principles Social Psychology by the University of Minnesota under the Creative Commons International License , except where otherwise noted . Chapter from Chapter from Principles of Social Psychology by the University of Minnesota under the Creative Commons International License , except where otherwise noted . Chapter Adapted from Chapter , and

from Social Problems by the University of Minnesota under the Creative Commons International License , except where otherwise noted . Chapter Adapted from Chapter from Lifespan Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license . Chapter 10 12 Adapted from Chapter from Li Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license . Chapter 13 15 Adapted from Chapter from Li Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license . Chapter 16 18 Adapted from Chapter from Li Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license . Chapter 19 21 Adapted from Chapter from Li Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license . Chapter 22 24 Adapted from Chapter from Li Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license . Chapter 25 27 Adapted from Chapter from Li Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative

Commons Alike license . Chapter 28 30 Adapted from Chapter from Lifespan Development A Perspective Second Edition by Martha Lally and Suzanne under the Creative Commons Alike license .