Global Women's Issues Women in the World Today, extended version Women and the Media

Chapter 10 Women and the Media Chapter Summary ' History of Exclusion and Stereotypes A New Era of Women Rights Profile Ann Moore Leveraging the Value of Women Revamping Time for the Digital Age Drawn to Sports and Publishing People and Women as an Important Market Project Women Edition ' LEM Additional Resources Chapter 10 discusses the progress that women have made in organizing against exclusion in media . Women who demanded coverage from media outlets were originally categorized as misfits or insane , as they were perceived as departing from their traditional domestic roles . Throughout the 19705 , media outlets and journals covering a range of feminist issues emerged around the world , including Isis International Bulletin in Italy and the Philippines and in India . Women have been gaining influence in media both within the United States and across the world . Ann Moore was the CEO of Time , the largest publisher in the , and steered the business from the print age to the media age during the . The Women Edition program brings together women journalists across the global South to report on various issues from their respective regions and countries . Ann Moore Gender and Media Diversity Journal International Federation of Journalists International Women Media Foundation Isis International Bulletin Magazine 157

Women in the World Today , extended version 158 Population Reference Bureau ( Revolution Women Edition Weekly World Association of Christian Communicators ( Figure Long excluded from serious news reportage , women today have risen to the top in media organizations worldwide . Young Navajo Indian filmmaker Camille draws inspiration from her ancestor , a warrior named Yellow Woman . Overview By Carolyn Women brought a analysis of the mass media to the global stage in the when a critique was first presented at the 1976 Mexico City conference , which opened the . Decade for Women . Much of the substance of that critique remains relevant today . But women fight for equal representation in the media began much earlier . History of Exclusion and Stereotypes Women exclusion from the serious news of the day was raised as early as the century by women and women rights activists in Europe and North America . The early suffrage leaders needed the attention of the news media to carry their ideas and activities to wider publics , but run newspapers and magazines largely ignored the women activists . The news outlets that did cover women frequently their goals . Women who departed from the social norms of passivity and

159 Bureau of International Information Programs , United States Department of State deference to male authority , and the traditional roles of wife and mother , risked being characterized as inappropriate , insane or misfits . If they demanded equality with men , the media depicted them either as curiosities or as loud , militant and aggressive . Such would continue into the early days of modern feminism ( Epstein , 1978 ) Not only were women issues and leaders excluded from the media , but bias against women was practiced in reporting women issues and leaders . Such treatment inspired women in many countries to establish their own magazines , newspapers and book publishing houses during the late and early centuries . The War Weekly had as its aim to make Victoria the first woman president , while the Lily had a broad women rights agenda , and the Una championed the rights of immigrant and poor women . Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony but important newspaper the Revolution addressed a spectrum of issues related to women discrimination , including low wages of working women and the right to vote . A New Era of Women Rights By the late century , women across the globe focused on enacting political and legal reforms to extend women equality and access to social institutions and to ensure protection of their rights . It was a new era for women rights . Many women became politicized during independence movements , as countries broke from colonial powers . The legacy of that activism carried over into women media like magazine , founded by feminists in the early , an Indian feminist journal founded in the and Isis International Bulletin , published first in Rome , then later in Manila . Some feminist leaders were motivated by the enduring problems of exclusion and misogynistic representation in mainstream media to establish their own publishing houses , today numbering many dozens ( see ) Women organizations like the South African group Gender Links have assumed dual missions of establishing their own journals , like Gender and Media Diversity Journal , as well as undertaking training for journalists in order to address persistent patriarchal messages in news , advertising , films and television programs ( Gender Links , Another modern media concern was women lack of access to media professions . Women were severely underrepresented in , television and radio stations , film production and ownership of media outlets . More women on the inside , it was argued , would help resolve many of women other problems with the media . Women such as Ann Moore ( Time ) profiled in this chapter , acknowledge the importance of women in their media operations .

Women in the World Today , extended version 160 Figure Radio hosts her program on women and management for , Indonesia , radio station . The station was launched by activists as a voice of democracy in 1999 . Underrepresentation in news production arose through the UN . Decade for Women ( with leaders pushing the United Nations to fund women news and feature services in the and to increase global news flow from progressive women perspectives . They also gained funding for research on women and media and generated their own research . Two examples are the International Federation of Journalists and the World Association of Christian Communicators ( The latter of these is among advocacy groups that sponsor research aimed at enabling for women equality in the media . Canada ) periodic study Who Makes the News ?

focuses on women representation in news worldwide , while the International Women Media Foundation ( United States ) conducts research on women status in news organizations . also recognizes women journalists for courage in reporting with an annual Courage in Journalism award .

161 Bureau of International Information Programs , United States Department of State Figure Ukrainian reporter holds a copy of her newspaper , She received journalism training through a program . Such groups offer workshops to teach media professionals how to include gender angles in news . Women have made slower progress in communications governance and , at national and international levels , so these remain important areas for critique and action . Programs such as funded Women Edition have given women strong foundations for journalism careers . Carolyn is a professor in the Department of Journalism , School of Communications , Howard University , in Washington , She researches communications policy related to women and minority ownership , media and gender , race , sexuality and nationality . She is the of Women and Media Global Perspectives ( 2004 ) of Women and Media A Critical Introduction ( 2006 ) and principal investigator for the study Global Report on the Status of Women in News Media , a study sponsored by the International Women Media Foundation ( 2011 ) PROFILE Ann Moore Leveraging the Value of Women Women who have achieved top management positions in media corporations are few . Ann Moore rose to the top of one of the world most influential news organizations , Time , through perseverance , a willingness to take calculated risks and a canny perception of the future of media . The impressive thing about Ann Moore , who ran Time from 2002 to 2010 , is not her global profile as the first woman to head the legendary company that boasts 115 international magazine titles and some 137 million monthly readers . It not even her , style , the friendships with influential and celebrities or her habitual appearance on every Most Powerful

Women in the World Today , extended version 162 Woman list ever devised . Rather , the impressive thing , as you listen to Moore review her rise to the top , is the glee with which she did the job . Revamping Time for the Digital Age It was far from easy . As chair and CEO , Moore arguably led Time through its greatest trials and transformations and emerged victorious . She successfully steered the largest magazine publisher in the United States out of its fierce attachment to print and straight into the digital age . She streamlined its , centralized structure into more nimble brand clusters , making managers diverse and more accountable . We were facing a crisis , she acknowledges today . It was not easy to completely transform an industry and drag everybody , kicking and screaming , into the Then again , Moore could draw on deep experience in setting goals and tackling the challenges . A keen observer and an unabashed fan of Time unique role in the media landscape the company has influence that streams from Main Street to Wall Street and from Pennsylvania Avenue to Hollywood and Vine Moore enjoyed a career at the company that spanned 32 years . I know every inch of this business , she declares , not particularly bragging , but merely stating the facts . At a meeting just before her departure is officially announced , Moore is comfortably settled into a plump armchair in the spacious , thickly carpeted executive suite on the floor of Rockefeller Center landmark Building . The sweeping views of midtown Manhattan highlight her success . Moore , at 60 , looks back with pride and gusto . Clearly , she has thrived on the risks as much as the wins . I work with really smart people and we produce really amazing products , she says . It easy to stay working somewhere for 32 years when you re not Born in , Mississippi , the oldest of five kids , Moore spent her formative years on a series of military bases . My father was in the Air Force until I was in about sixth grade , she says . I moved all the time when I was young and I have nothing but fabulous memories of every She credits her dad , who was a pilot , with shaping her attitudes toward work . I always knew I could do the job of CEO , but it wasn my lifelong ambition , Moore explains . My father retired from the military and went on to a whole second career in aviation . So I had a model growing up that said , Hey , you don have to just do one thing . And you don necessarily have to aspire to being the CEO to be That outlook served her well as she climbed the ladder . I always had a lot of confidence , she says . You have to not fear failure .

163 Bureau of International Information Programs , United States Department of State Figure Ann Moore was appointed chairwoman and chief executive of Time in 2002 , becoming its first female executive . Drawn to Sports and Publishing After high school in , Virginia , Moore went on to Vanderbilt University in Nashville , Tennessee , and then earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1978 . While her classmates headed for Wall Street , Moore wasn interested I always wondered exactly what they do there , she says , jokingly . Instead , Moore went to Time I was a big sports fan and that why I joined the company , she says . I turned my hobby of reading Sports Illustrated into my Through the , after starting at Sports Illustrated , Moore put in stints at Fortune , Money and Discover , moving up with every jump . By the early , back at Sports Illustrated as associate publisher , she began to make her mark on the company . Fittingly , Moore earned her claim to fame by tutoring Time about the value of women . I changed the equation at the company because I the one who began diversifying into women and children magazines , says Moore . She launched Sports Illustrated Kids in 1989 . It was the first kid magazine and we hadn launched anything successful since At the time , she says , we thought you couldn make money targeting women , so even when I moved to People in 1991 , we thought it was a People and Women as an Important Market Moore was working with Jones . The pair transformed People into a for women , first moving from black and white to color pages . Next , they changed delivery from Monday to Friday . News is like bread . The fresher it is , the more exciting it Moore also inaugurated People special issues , such as its Sexiest Man Alive , Best Dressed , Worst Dressed and others . It was a license to steal , she laughs , looking back . Once you determined this is really a woman magazine , you could see what you needed to do with People to unleash its Nowadays , as

Women in the World Today , extended version 164 it has been for years , People is the company most profitable title and , as Moore likes to point out , leads in online entertainment news , with 13 million unique visitors monthly . The rest remains Moore groundbreaking history . She launched in 1991 , which is , today , the nation fashion and beauty magazine ahead of Vogue , says Moore . is Time title ( Sports Illustrated is second ) Real Simple came next , in 2000 . We had a little piece of research that I couldn get out of my mind , says Moore , which said that the average American woman spends 55 minutes a day just looking for things . Time is the single most precious commodity to American consumers , especially for a woman , she says . So that was the whole idea behind Real Simple . We would get you organized and you would have an extra hour a Moore smiles , leaning back in her comfortable chair , and confides her secret to launching successful magazines . It was such a simple concept , but it solved a problem . That where you find holes in the marketplace , and that what Time was particularly good at . We invented most of the categories we publish What in store for Moore as she moves on ?

She not saying . With her son , Brendan , enrolled at Harvard Business School and her husband , Donovan Moore , continuing work as a private wealth manager at Bessemer Trust , her horizon looks wide open , especially considering her dad role model . And what advice would she give young women who like to shadow her dramatic footsteps ?

True to form , Moore speaks forthrightly I think it all about . Who are you ?

What are you good at ?

What do you like to do ?

Then use that to find a match . Turn your hobby into your occupation . You have to take responsibility for your career . I also say to young women , learn how to fill out your dance card . I the chairman of Time because I filled out my dance card better than anyone else . I the chairman because I ve been here for 32 years and I ve launched more magazines than Time founder Henry Luce . That why I in Luce And I was very Joanna is a multimedia journalist and speaker whose work has appeared in the New York Times , Worth , Money and Town Country and on and . She is the author of The Guide to Intelligent Giving and founder of the Women Giving Institute , an organization that educates donors about strategic philanthropy . PROJECT Women Edition By Deborah Funding for women news and feature services opened the door to journalism careers for many women worldwide in recent decades . The Women Edition program shows how women may fruitfully collaborate to gain global perspectives on women issues , and bring that knowledge to their writing . Around the table sat 12 women journalists from Africa , Latin America , Asia and Eastern Europe , discussing the status of women in their cultures . The Africans said women in their countries have many babies , often too many to care for adequately . Reporters from India , the Philippines and Peru said families were somewhat smaller in their countries . Then the Romanian journalist surprised them all You know , in my country the government pays women to have children , she said , explaining strategy to reverse its population decline . This conversation took place at Women Edition , a program that brings together small groups of veteran women journalists from influential media houses across the developing world to examine and

165 Bureau of International Information Programs , United States Department of State report on a range of issues related to women health and development . They gain a global perspective on these issues by learning how countries both similar and different from theirs handle the same issues . As a reporter put it after several years in the program , Now I think globally and write Women Edition , funded by the Agency for International Development , takes a view of working with journalists . Since 1994 when the program began , 62 journalists have participated . There was little turnover in the early years , but later a participation limit was set . During their tenure in the program , the journalists attend weeklong seminars twice a year in locations around the world . Seminars focus on health and development issues . Each journalist takes away new data and research on specific topics , the insights of experts and memorable experiences from field visits that illuminate the issues . Following each seminar , each journalist prepares a special supplement , a series of articles or a broadcast program for her media house on the seminar topic in the context of her country . The Population Reference Bureau ( a nongovernmental organization in Washington that runs the project , solicits applications from women editors , reporters and producers every two years . Journalists hear about this from national and international journalism associations , schools and websites . As many as 200 candidates apply . invites around 12 to participate . looks for seasoned journalists who demonstrate a strong interest in women health and development issues and who have editorial in their . To maintain geographic diversity , usually just one journalist is selected from a country . Figure In India , two Women Edition journalists photograph a village potter . Women Edition grew from an earlier project , Global Edition , which brought together senior editors from the developing world to focus and write on population and the environment . Similarly , Women Edition mission is to strengthen and increase reporting on women health and development and , in doing so , stimulate discussion on these issues among the public and in developing countries .

Women in the World Today , extended version 166 In organizing the seminars , seeks input from the journalists in selecting a topic and then links the topic with a relevant venue . For example , a seminar on trafficking was held in New Delhi , where the journalists visited a brothel in the city largest district and talked to sex workers there who had been trafficked years before . For a seminar on violence against women , Women Edition met in South Africa , which has one of the world highest rates of rape but also some of the most innovative programs to deal with the problem . Some seminars have been held in conjunction with international conferences and other events , such as the biennial AIDS conferences and special sessions . Other seminar themes have included links between gender and the environment , women empowerment and women reproductive health . Figure Three Women Edition journalists accompany an activist doing outreach in a , South Africa , market as part of a project to stop violence against women . Sometimes a journalist report prompts action . After a magazine cover story on the health and social problems child brides face in India , the Tamil state government launched awareness campaigns in villages where child marriage is common . More often , the journalists receive calls from ministry officials , and NGO leaders who want more information . A journalist wrote about an innovative rape crisis center her Women Edition group visited in . She received a call from the president daughter , who wanted to become involved in local efforts to replicate it . Sometimes journalists take action on their own A seminar visit to a rape crisis center in New York so inspired an Indian journalist that she persuaded a physician friend to open such a center in Mumbai . Women Edition has a lasting impact on the journalists themselves . They become the experts in their on women issues . They gain confidence in their knowledge and abilities , which helps

167 Bureau of International Information Programs , United States Department of State them to lobby for coverage of women issues . They receive job promotions and gain more influence over what issues are considered newsworthy . Gone are the days when health and women issues were a affair , said Ropa of Zimbabwe , who was assistant editor at the Herald when she participated in Women Edition . She is now features editor at , a new independent newspaper . Deborah is program director for international media training at the Population Reference Bureau and has been coordinator of Women Edition since 2001 . Before joining , she worked for more than 20 years as a reporter and editor for the Associated Press in the Connecticut state bureau and on the national staff in Washington . Multiple Choice Questions Questions . Which factors inspired women in many countries to establish their own magazines ?

publications largely ignored women activists . The news outlets that did cover women their goals . Women that departed from the norms of domesticity and passivity were labelled as misfits or insane . Women who demanded equality with men were depicted as militant and aggressive . All of the above . The first woman to lead Time was . Ann Moore Jane Diane Sawyer ! Peop and demonstrated that Women consumers are mostly interested in fashion and celebrity news Women are an important demographic market in news media Women were already in traditional media networks There was no need to develop media ! None of the above . Women Edition serves the following purpose ( Brings together groups of women Examines and reports on a range of women issues . Enables participants to gain a global perspective Enables participants to learn from each other in handling similar issues

Women in the World Today , extended version 168 . All of the above . The objective of Women Edition is to Advance the political interests of women at the cost of men Increase reporting on women health and development . Begin discussion among the public and in developing countries Organize with celebrities and on issues of gender and development . None of the above Answers . The correct answer is ( all of the above ) The correct answer is Ann Moore ( answer A ) is the of the Post , so answer is incorrect . Jane is an American actress and of the Women Media Center ( answer ) Diane Sawyer is an American television journalist and of ABC News morning news program . The correct answer is that women are an important market in the news media ( answer ) The fact that the first Time magazines that publicists deemed were fashion and celebrity news does not indicate that women consumers are most interested in fashion and celebrity news ( answer A ) Women were not yet influential in news networks , so Time and its subsidiaries were an anomaly ( answer ) Answer is incorrect because there was a clear need to develop media . The correct answer is ( all of the above ) The correct answer is both and Women Edition aims to increase reporting on women health and development ( answer ) and begin discussions among the public and in developing countries ( answer ) The objective is not to advance the interests of women at the cost of men , as gender equality is not ( answer A ) The mission is not to simply engage with celebrities and , so answer is incorrect . Discus . How are women and men depicted differently in media ?

Has the history of women exclusion from media influenced these representations ?

Why or why not ?

What are some impacts of the portrayal of women in media on women success ?

Select an election in a jurisdiction of your choice . What were the genders of the candidates ?

How were they represented by media ?

Do you think that social media provides a greater platform than traditional media for women representation and ?

Why or why not ?

How are transgender women portrayed in media ?

169 Bureau of International Information Programs , United States Department of State . Use the additional resources , your experiences , or the experiences of people you know to on how transgender people experience portrayals of gender and transgender people in media in a designated case study . For instance , you might choose Canadian media , American Media or French Canadian media for your examples . Essay Questions Review the 2015 Status of Women in Media report . Identify areas where there has been progress and where equal representation along lines of gender and race have fallen behind . What are the most common stereotypes of women perpetuated in media ?

In what ways are these representations dependent on race and class ?

Will having more women in media play a role in decreasing reliance on stereotypes of women ?

How has the use of social media women social and political movements ?

Additional Resources , A . Technology and Narratives of Continuity in Transgender Feminist Philosophy Quarterly ( 24 ( 2015 ) Explores transgender narratives in media , social science disciplines , and among the family . Women in Popular Music Media Empowered or Exploited ?

The Spectrum A Scholars Day Journal ( 38 ( 2011 ) Investigates women attitude toward women in media and popular music through a feminist theoretical lens . Jia , Carter , Women Are Seen More than Heard in Online One 11 ( 2016 ) Quantitative analysis of the representation of gender and women views in online newspapers . Women Should Represent Women in . 2011 ) TED Talk on the representation of women as victims and victim blaming culture in media . women should represent women in transcript ?

Lang , and the Digital Media Bust Queer Spaces for Women are Disappearing , Even on the Women in the World Today , extended version 170 Salon . 2016 ) Suggests that the lower buying power of queer women is influencing the reduction of media platforms dedicated to queer women issues and lived experiences . Laverne Cox Actress Emmy Nod Puts Trans People in Bigot Living Guardian ( 2014 ) Analysis of Laverne Cox in pop culture in the wake of her role in the original series , Orange is the New people , On Jill , Caitlyn , and the Trans Representation the Media . 2015 ) A critique of the media representation of transgender people , focusing on the discourse surrounding Caitlyn and her position in of race and class . Women Media Center . Status of Women in the ( 2015 ) Features research on the gender gap in broadcast news , print journalism and wire services . So We Leaned In Now What ?

TED Talks . 2014 ) Sheryl , Chief Operating Office of Facebook , discusses the reactions to Lean In and the ways in which women continue to struggle with success . A Dialectic with the Everyday Communication and Cultural Politics on Oprah Book Critical Studies in Media Communication 20 , 295 316 ( 2010 ) Examines the communication strategies within Oprah Book Club . Yasmin , A . Myths Broken or Sustained Representation of Women Victims in Pakistani Media . Open Journal Sciences ( 209 219 ( 2015 ) Highlights asymmetry in Pakistani media of descriptions of female and male victims and perpetrators of violence ( female victims described with their marital status , male victims and perpetrators described using their profession .