Explore the Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 2 Population and Health study material pdf and utilize it for learning all the covered concepts as it always helps in improving the conceptual knowledge.
Chapter Population and Health How Many of Us Are There ?
You can see the US and World population figures in the figure below . In addition , pay attention to the birth and death rates in the US , and the list of the 10 most populous countries in the world . Specifically , answer the following question Which two countries in the world have the most people ?
Be sure to click the World Population tab ) What are some of the things these countries have in common ?
gender roles , economic development , size , location ) Census Bureau Current Population Population World Population Jan 08 , 2023 ( Learn More Download and Share Population ( A A A ) The US Census Bureau population clock for the US and the world . Source US Census Bureau ) Lots of People , But Fewer Babies China and India have over of the world population , but couples in these countries ( and many other countries in the world ) are having fewer babies compared to previous generations . Watch the following video to find out why . China economy what its weak spot ?
The number of people in China is shrinking . Could this threaten the country rise as watch ?
The Population Debate Do we have too many people on the planet ?
Population , when unchecked , increases in a geometrical ratio . Population catastrophe Production of ood Time ( Left ) Thomas portrait , 1834 . Right ) posited that the population will grow much faster than food production , eventually leading to starvation , wars , and diseases . Source john , via Commons derivative work ( translation ) via Commons ) Why is Thomas ' prediction wrong SO FAR ?
Birth rates fall as societies industrialize Children incur expenses ( education , food ) rather than generate income Social safety nets ( social security ) will take care of retirees rather than grown children More children will live to adulthood as the infant mortality rate decreases . Advances in farming and distribution technologies increase productivity and reduce spoilage Genetic engineering , synthetic fertilizers , pesticides Food transport , storage ( refrigeration ) distribution ( canning ) Why do we still hear about famines today ?
Wars in South , and Yemen are threatening to starve 20 million people . In all four countries , it war that threatened to put 20 million people at risk of starvation . Source Vox ) can not produce enough food Lack of resources ( quality land , water ) Political instability . can not buy or receive much needed food Lack of money or political will Lack of infrastructure to deliver or receive food aid Political instability Overpopulation results when a place or country fails to generate enough resources to support its population . Compare the size of different countries in the world with the number of people that they hold in the maps below . Note that some relatively smaller countries ( India ) have much larger populations than much larger countries ( Australia )
up . A comparison of the average world map ( left ) where each country is drawn based on the size of its landmass , with a cartogram ( right ) where each country is drawn based on its relative population sue . Measuring Population The growth in the world population has slowed over the years , but more so in some places relative to others . What does this mean for us ?
Birth rate , crude ( per people ) Crude birth rate is the number of births per 1000 people in the world ( or any place ) in a given year . See how this rate has declined dramatically between the 19603 and today . Source The World Bank ) ' re . Look at the map of crude birth rate for different countries . Click on a country in the map to see its crude birth rate . Data source The World Bank ) Which continent in the world has the most countries with the highest crude birth rates ?
Death rate , crude ( per people ) Crude death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people in the world ( or any place ) in a given year . Much like crude birth rate , crude death rate has declined dramatically between the 1960 and today . Source The World Bank )
Atlantic Ocean , 1000 mi hi Powered by Look at this map of crude death rate in the world . Click on a country in the map to see its crude death rate . Source The World Bank ) Are the countries with high crude death rates the same as those with high crude birth rates ?
' 1000 Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths that occurred in the first year of life per 1000 people in a country ( or any place ) in a given year . Countries with a high infant mortality rate tend to be underdeveloped , as they may not have the food , clean water , and healthcare to prevent the deaths of vulnerable infants . Source The World Bank ) Notice how countries with high infant mortality rates also tend to have high crude birth rates ( see earlier map ) Do countries with high infant mortality rates also have high crude death rates ?
The fertility rate is the average number of children a woman has in her reproductive life ( years old ) but does not account for migration . Economic or political instabilities may lead to higher fertility rates Having more educated and empowered women in the population may lead to lower fertility rates A population with a fertility rate of is considered to be at replacement level ( stable ) I Powered by
The population simulator UN simulation Click Free simulation , adjust the Number of children per woman slider ( fertility rate ) and click START SIMULATION to see how the total population of the world changes with different fertility rates . Source The National ) The simulation above used a population pyramid to show the total population of a place , the population broken down by age groups and gender . High fertility rates ( above the replacement level ) will have pyramids with wide bases ( Low fertility rates ( below the replacement level ) will have pyramids with narrow bases ( Japan ) Fertility rates near the replacement level will have pyramids that look like columns ( France , United States ) Positive Population Momentum Countries with pyramids with wide bases ( Lots of young people Their populations will continue to grow in the future Negative Population Momentum
Countries with pyramids with narrow bases ( More elderly than youths Their populations will continue to shrink in the future . am , mummy vulva ' cu in . zou av . Arum Comparison of the population pyramids of countries with positive population momentum ( negative population momentum ( japan ) and relatively stable population ( France , United States ) Source ) Age dependency ratio Comparison of the number of working people in a population ( aged ) versus people ( under 15 , over 65 ) This ratio can help indicate if workers or social services ( schools , retirement homes ) are overburdened . This ratio may be unreliable because not all children necessarily attend schools , and not all elderly stop working at 65 years of age .
Age dependency ratio , 2021 in Data The age dependency ratio is the sum of the young population ( under age 15 ) and elderly population ( age 65 and over ) relative to the population ( ages 15 to 64 ) Data are shown as the number of dependents per 100 population , a ' 33 World No data 50 60 70 80 90 100 Source Unite Nations Population Division ( 2022 ) BY 1950 2021 CHART MAP TABLE SOURCES DOWNLOAD Click the play button at the bottom to see how the dependency ratio value changed across the world between 1960 and 2020 ( Source United Nations ) Population Through Time The history of population change in most countries can be summed up in five stages of the demographic transition model . Stage one ( Stag ?
High birth , high death Farm labor , limited healthcare Stable population . on Stage Sum a II . Stage two ( it i High birth , decreasing death a Better access to food , medicine , and sanitation Ii 14 . The stages of the demographic transition summarized ( Source Our World in Data ) Rapid growth in population III . Stage three ( Decreasing birth , decreasing death Rising cost of childcare in cities
Slow growth in population IV . Stage Four ( a Low birth , low death Stable population Stage Five ( Unknown birth ( country dependent ) low death Stable population Describing People Impact on the Environment The ecological footprint is the amount of natural resources ( farms , fishing grounds , land ) needed to support a population . Carrying capacity or how many people can be supported by a place depends on each person ecological footprint , the natural resources available at that place , and the technology that allows one to stretch limited resources available . How many planets does it take to sustain What is your Ecological Footprint ?
How many planets does it take to support your lifestyle ?
Take home en Population density ( arithmetic density ) is the number of people in a country ( or place ) divided by the country land area .
North The world population density is about people per square kilometer ( World Bank , 2020 ) Does high population density always lead to environmental destruction ?
Physiological density is the number of people in a country ( or place ) divided by the country arable ( farmable ) area ( excludes deserts , and lakes ) I North ' 1000 la Powered by , LIBYA . 1000 Powered Swipe to compare each country arithmetic density ( map ) with its physiological density ( right map ) Click on a country to learn more . Data source The World Bank ) Geography of Health Medical Geography is the study of sickness or health across space , as sickness can throw off population projections or dramatically change a population size .
Number of deaths by cause , World , 2019 . Change country 12 56 million . Respiratory ( messes Lower respiratory infections Neonatal disorders Dementia Diabetes Diarrheal gases Road unA Tuberculosis owning Maternal Alcohol use Drug use disorders Elite son Heat um and cold exposure ) Natural disasters 10 million 14 million 18 million Source , Global Burden of Disease ( 2019 ) BY 1990 2019 CHART TABLE SOURCES DOWNLOAD Click the play button at the bottom to see how the leading causes of deaths in the world changed between 1990 and 201 . Source Our World in Data ) Leading causes of death in countries tends to be infectious or communicable diseases ( respiratory infection ) whereas conditions that are not passed from person to person are the leading causes of death in countries ( heart disease )
Leading causes of death in countries leading 595 07 dam in ' i ' zoon II 2015 2000 2019 ( heart disease I . Neonatal disease and other snake . near I , au . Stroke . Il ( a Lower Infections Malaria . and rectum caucus I I Hypertensive heart in . Curl um I . a zoo moo 400 we sou non Number of deaths ( in millions ) Number ' deaths ( able ( able sauna mu ' um . wan Compare the leading causes of death in versus countries . What may they tell us about their medical infrastructure and their impacts on their populations life expectancy ?
Even at the scale of a single country ( the specifically ) we can see health disparities and clear differences in morbidity rates ( rate of diseases like diabetes ) and mortality rates ( rate of deaths from ) amongst counties with low median household incomes compared to those with high median household incomes .
' 200 mi Powered by , 200 mi Powered by DIABETES A morbidity example Use the legend icon in the lower left corner and the swipe tool to examine the relationship between median household income ( left map ) and the percentage of adults diagnosed with diabetes ( right map ) in various counties . Click on each county to learn more . Data source , USA Facts ) 200 mi Powered by CASES A morbidity example Use the legend icon in the lower left corner and the swipe tool to examine the relationship between median household income ( left map ) and the percentage of adults that have been diagnosed with ( right map ) in various .
counties . Click on each county to learn more . Data source , USA Facts ) mat ( I , 200 mi la Powered by , 200 mi Powered by DEATHS A mortality example Use the legend icon in the lower left corner and the swipe tool to examine the relationship between median household income ( left map ) and the percentage of adults in each county that have died from ( right map ) Click on each county to learn more . Data source , USA Facts ) By Wing Cheung , College Keeping the world interesting one map at a time Fundamentals of Human Geography by Wing Cheung is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International ( BY )