Explore the Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Geography study material pdf and utilize it for learning all the covered concepts as it always helps in improving the conceptual knowledge.
Chapter Introduction to Geography if a phenomenon can be mapped , it has some kind of relationship to geography . What is Geography ?
The study of phenomena that can be displayed on a map , is also known as the spatial perspective . Asking what is where and why .
A ! a ! HERE Physical Geography I ! all I ' HI ' ill ' I ' Powered by Study of the locations of natural phenomena ( plants , animals , hurricanes ) Right Map of earthquake locations that occurred between ( and ( Data source ) an . I IV . I I HI mun HERE Human Geography . I oV Ii IN ' A . I 09 . I no , Powered by
Study of the locations of social phenomena ( locations of businesses , languages ) and how they may affect livelihoods and the environment over time . Right Map of locations of Starbucks in the world as of . In what ways may a transnational corporation like Starbucks affect the global environment ?
Data source Online ) GEOGRAPHY ?
Planning and Urban Studies of Geography ( work with other disciplines ( biology ) to understand the locations of different phenomena ( plants , animals ) Source Corey Parson , Original Work , of Geography An urban geographer works with police officers and city planners to map and understand the locations of different types of traffic collision over time . Right Map of types of collisions in , Vista , and surrounding areas between january 2018 and December 2018 ( see interactive map at ) Data source UC Berkeley Transportation Injury Mapping System ) Describing your Location There are different ways to describe your location , which include the use of . Street address
. Geographic coordinate grid going from north to south are known as meridians , the prime meridian is a meridian that has a longitude measurement of degree . going from east to west are known as parallels , the equator is a parallel that has a latitude measurement of degree . location can be described by its distance from the prime meridian ( its longitude ) and its distance from the equator ( its latitude ) Locations can be described using addresses ( left ) or geographic coordinates ( right ) Source Information of New Orleans , via Commons ) Site is based on the physical characteristics ( terrain , climate ) of your location . Situation is describing how your location relates to nearby cultural ( cities ) or physical ( rivers ) features . Napa Valley is a valley in California and has an elevation of feet . Napa Valley is situated nearby to , close to Creek . Mapping the World
The spherical earth ( or technically oblate ) is and shown on our maps in a process known as projection . But this process of projection will create size , shape , distance , and directional distortions . Learn why in the video below . Learn why all world maps are wrong . Source Vox ) The scale of a map tells you what do the distances in the map mean in the real world . See how the scale bar ( in the lower right corner ) in the map below tells you this information , and how it changes as you zoom in and out within the map .
Useyour mouse to position the on the swimming pool and measure its width . Notice how the changes asyou zoom in and out within the map . Technologies Geographic Information Systems ( GIS ) Computer mapping system used to manage , display , and analyze spatial and attribute data used by archaeologists , city planners , environmental scientists , wastewater managers , and many other professionals . See how law enforcement agencies use GIS to analyze crime data and share them with the public below . Helping You Build We extract data from the existing records system at each participating law enforcement agency throug Remote sensing The acquisition of data from satellites , planes , or drones for the purpose of studying certain objects or phenomena without directly coming into contact with those objects or phenomena . It provides data that can be used in a GIS .
Lilac Fire Impact on the Reserve Story Map ' 62 Before and after the Lilac fire which started on December and destroyed 157 buildings . Overview This is a comparison of the physical qi Er Reserve before and after a that swept through the area . Use the swipe tool in the center of the screen to see photos from a drone survey of the Preserve in the aftermath of the Lilac Fire that started on December , 201 . Cultural Regions One way to generalize the complex world so patterns and trends can be discovered is by grouping places with certain things in common into a region . Functional regions are made up of places that are connected to or governed by a node or central point .
Earthstar County Assessor SOURCE 10 mi I Powered by Functional culture region of Community College District with the San campus as its core . Data source ) Formal regions are made up of places with one or more things in common . Earthstar Bureau of Reclamation 10 mi Powered by Formal culture region of San Diego County with all areas of the region sharing a similar Mediterranean climate ( hot and dry summers , and cooler and wetter winters ) Data source ) Vernacular regions are made up of places that share similar characteristics in people minds , but may not be true and can
vary from one person to the next . The Midwest What is considered The Midwest in America ?
Circle parts of the United States that you consider The Midwest using the line tool in the upper right corner . A Loading ?
in Complete the activity above using the line tool icon in the upper right corner , and I will share the results with everyone in my weekly announcement . Cultural Diffusion The spread of ideas , objects , inventions , and other practices to different places . Relocation diffusion people bring ideas , objects , and inventions with them as they migrate or travel . Contagious expansion diffusion the contagious spread of ideas , objects , and inventions to neighboring people or areas from a core area or epicenter . a Hierarchical expansion diffusion the spread of ideas , objects , and inventions in a leapfrog ( skipping around ) or manner ( from bigger cities to smaller cities ) Stimulus expansion diffusion some parts of an idea , object , or invention may successfully spread to a new area ,
but other parts of it are simultaneously rejected due to cultural or environmental limitations in the new area . At the neighborhood or city scale , may have spread from person to person through contagious expansion . But at the global scale , the spread of followed a hierarchical expansion diffusion pattern as seen in the video of cumulative COVID cases over time , where mainly populous countries with many travelers China experienced COVID outbreaks ( USA , Canada , Australia ) before other countries ( Congo ) Source johns Hopkins Resource Center ) Ideas , objects , and inventions are usually readily accepted in areas closest to the where they were invented , but the rate of acceptance will most likely decrease in areas far away from the and with the passing of time . This is known as decay . New countries that have opted out of ! was ( that lung out ul ' was already I ( is not . bu ! where IL GI traps are grown FA some countries in the European Union ( EU ) France ) have laws that completely ban any genetically ( crops on their lands ( example of absorbing barriers ) Other EU countries ( Spain ) partially allow crops , but only the cultivation of a specific crop or tiny amounts ( example of permeable barriers ) Source )
Barriers to cultural diffusion can be in the case of absorbing barriers , or they can be partial in the case of permeable barriers . Cultural Ecology People and the Environment Are people and cultures completely shaped and created by the physical environment as supporters of environmental determinism would have you believe ?
Are all Hawaiians good swimmers and surfers because they grew up on islands surrounded by water ?
A surfer navigating a wave at Banzai Pipeline , North Shore of , Hawaii . Source Mandolin Davis , via Commons ) Or are people shaped by a combination of cultural forces ( their religions , diets , traditions ) and the environment as supporters of possibilism would argue ?
In other words , people can invent and use technologies to change the environment to some degree to provide for their needs .
Use the swipe tool in the center of the screen to see how Dubai coastline changed in the 1990 satellite image ( left ) and the 2010 satellite image . You can learn more about these developments at Palm and The World . Data source Google Earth ) By Wing Cheung , College Keeping the world interesting one map at a time Fundamentals of Human Geography by Wing Cheung is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 40 International ( BY )