Dress, Appearance, and Diversity in US Part II Dress and Marginalized Communities Chapter 11 Disability

11 . DISABILITY Module Learning Objectives ( In this chapter , you will Identify foundational concepts related to disability , fashion , identity , appearance , and dress . different types of dress worn by people with disabilities in the United States . Identify the experiences of people with disabilities in the United States wearing different dress objects reflecting their disability identities . Identify different fashion brands that produce and sell dress objects for people with disabilities in the United States . Explain the role of dress and appearance in the development of one disability identity . Examine how dress and appearance of people with disabilities in the United States are represented in the fashion system ( advertisements or retailers ) Examine issues related to dress and appearance for people with disabilities in the United States . Deconstruct your own perspectives and approach to understanding the dress and appearance of people with disabilities in the United States . Identify the driving forces of transformative social justice change in the fashion system related to disabilities in the United States . A disability is any condition of the body or mind that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities and interact with the world around them . Disabilities may affect a person vision , movement , thought , memory , learning , communication , hearing , mental health , and social relationships . Disabilities generally have three dimensions impairment in a person body structure of function , or mental functioning , such as loss ofa limb , loss of vision , or memory loss . activity limitation , for example , causing difficulty seeing , hearing , walking , or . participation restrictions affecting daily activities such as working , engaging in social and recreational

DISABILITY 110 activities , and obtaining health care and preventive services . Disabilities can be present from birth , develop over time , be caused by injury , be conditions , or be progressive . Required reading Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Disability and Health Overview . Retrieved from History of the Disabilities Rights Movement Individuals with disabilities have unique needs that historically have not been met . In addition to needing support , funding , and services , individuals with disabilities have also found themselves discriminated against and stigmatized by individuals , businesses , and potential employers . This led to the rise of a movement advocating for change in the latter century . Watch this video to learn more about the disability rights movement One or more interactive elements has been excluded from this version of the text . You can view them online here . In 1990 , the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) was passed to help support individuals with disabilities iving in the United States . This act was revised in 2006 to account for the accessibility issues that had become apparent with the popular use and integration of the Internet into individuals daily lives . There are five major sections within the act Title I created equal employment rights for people with disabilities to remedy barriers at all stages of employment , including the fairness in the hiring process and reasonable accommodations throughout employment , training , and promotion . Title II requires public entities to provide equal access to all government programs and services . Title III requires equal access to businesses , including hotels , schools , museums , live theaters , restaurants , stores , and more . Title IV requires that telecommunications access be provided . Title includes a variety of other provisions , including protection from retaliation when individuals assert

111 DISABILITY these rights . According to US Census data , nearly 19 of individuals in the United States are living with a disability ( Census Bureau 2021 ) This includes , among others , million people who are blind million people who have difficulty hearing million people who have difficulty grasping or lifting objects million people who have mobility difficulties ( difficult walking , necessitating the use of a wheelchair , cane , crutches , or walker ) With these disabilities comes the need for accommodations , notjust through legal means like the provided through the ADA but also through accessories and clothing that support or at least do not actively an individual with a disability . Hearing Devices Individuals experience various degrees of hearing loss , from mild cases to more severe ones . A breakdown of degrees of hearing loss is provided below mild has some difficulty keeping up with conversations . moderate has difficulty keeping up with conversations when not using a hearing aid . severe benefits from powerful hearing aids but often relies on some use sign language . profound is very hard of hearing relies mostly on sign language . Hearing aids are electroacoustic devices designed to amplify sound , with the goal of making speech audible for people with varying levels of hearing loss . The invention of the telephone inspired the development of the first electronic hearing aid in 1898 . The first hearing devices were speaking tubes , trumpets , and cups , devices with conical or wider openings that funneled sound into a smaller pipe and into the ear of the user . As technology developed , hearing aids came into popular use , making it easier for individuals to bring their hearing aids on the go .

DISABILITY I 112 Smaller hearing aids worn behind or in the ear were developed in the first half of the century . These hearing aids , still in use today , continue to be improved . The most recent development in hearing devices is the cochlear implant . First developed in 1972 , the cochlear implant consists of an internal device that is surgically implanted , with an external component worn near the ear . Aesthetics of hearing devices The design of hearing aids varies widely , from functionally basic designs to designs meant to blend in with one hair or clothing , like the glasses featured below Image Source century ear trumpet , via Wellcome Trust , BY Image Source Transistor Hearing Aid , ca 1967 , BY SA Some hearing aid users have an interest in their devices aesthetics . In contrast to the designs meant to blend in , some hearing aids are created with bright , fun patterns or in humorous shapes to draw attention to the device as a part of the user dress , like these colorful hearing aids from ( 2021 )

113 I DISABILITY Image Source , all rights reserved , used use . In a study that talked to a small group of adolescents about their perspectives on their hearing aids or cochlear implants , half of the participants reported medium to low , with total participants stating that when they met new people , they were treated as if they were stupid ( Lim 2015 ) Mobility Impairment and Dress Mobility impairment is a person inability to use one or more of their extremities or a lack of strength to walk , grasp , or lift objects . Because the fashion industry has largely been built for people , the needs of individuals with mobility impairment , who can not easily grasp zippers or manipulate button closures , have been heavily affected by the clothing options available to them . Luckily , this has begun to change in the 201 Os as more adaptive clothing has entered the market .

DISABILITY I 114 This shirt uses instead of buttons for easier closure . Image source , BY SA . Adaptive design Adaptive design refers to designs created for people with disabilities . The industry does not call its lines body designs , yet when companies label their clothes The fashion industry has largely been built for people . adaptive designs , the designs labeled , for example , as are assumed to be for people . Numerous companies exist that create adaptive designs ( 2018 ) Some , such as by Adrian , Buck Buck and Adaptive Clothing Footwear , are smaller and niche companies focusing just on adaptive designs . Other companies include Rebirth Garments , which focuses on designs aimed at gender conforming , trans , and disabled individuals . Watch this short video to learn more about how adaptive clothing can support those who need it most One or more interactive elements has been excluded from this version of the text . You can view them online here ?

115 I DISABILITY Even larger companies such as Target , Tommy , and Nike have incorporated adaptive lines into their already existing ( Pitman 2017 2021 Nike 2021 ) An interactive element has been excluded from this version of the text . You can view it online here . Prosthetics Prosthetics may be integrated into dress for individuals who are missing limbs . Prosthetics are artificial devices that replace missing body parts , which may have been lost through trauma , disease , or congenital conditions . These devices were originally designed in peg shapes for legs and hook shapes for hands . However , these prosthetics have considerably advanced in complexity . For example , arms have been refined first through the development of a harness that could open and close the hook or a facsimile hand in order to grasp objects . Today , hand prosthetics can be controlled by electrical signals from the muscles in the remaining portions of the arm , though these are very expensive . Image Source This Is Engineering

DISABILITY I 116 Similar to hearing aids , prosthetics can blend in with the rest ofan individual body , or they can be augmented through designs to make them stand out . Mini Maker Faire at Spark , September 2015 . collection with Nadine wearing prosthetic covers made by Alleles Design Studio . Image Source . Photo by Kelly , BY

117 I DISABILITY Required reading , Lim , 2016 ) BEAUTY The evolution of beauty , disability , and ability . Disability Case Study Step One Become familiar with the case study . The case study attached below is a Word document and can be downloaded . It includes the task , evaluation , and template for the case study Disability Case Study DOC Step Two Submit your complete assignment on Canvas . Format your document . Remember to check the submission against the rubric .