Focus on California 8th Grade Physical Science Textbook Appendix A-E

Appendix A Laboratory Safety Safety Symbols These symbols warn of possible in the laboratory and remind you to carefully . I , Safety Goggles Wear satiety goggles to protect your rye in any activity involving chemicals . limits or heating . or . Lib Apron car a apron to protect your skin and clothing from . Breakage Handle . such as . with care . Do not touch glassware . Gloves Use an oven mitt or other hand protection when handling hot ) as hot or hot . Plastic Gloves ' disposable plastic gloves when with harmful chemicals and . Keep your hands away trout your face , and of the gloves to your instructions . Heating Use a clamp or tong to pick up hot . Do not touch hot objects with your bare . Flames Before tou work with . lit back loose hair and clothing . Follow your teacher , and extinguishing . 6500 No Flames When using materials . make sure there are no flames . spirits . or other exposed sources present . Corrosive Chemical Avoid getting acid or other corrosive chemicals on your skin or clothing or in your eyes . Du not inhale the vapors . wish your hands the activity . Poison Do not let any poisonous chemical come into contact with your skin . and do not inhale its vapors . Wash your hands when you are the activity . El Fumes Work in a ventilated area when ful vapors may be involved . Avoid inhaling vapors directly . Only test an odor when to do so by your teacher . and use a waiting motion to direct the vapor toward your nose . Sharp Object , needles . pins . and tack can cut your skin . Always direct that ! edge or point away from yourself and others . Animal Safety Treat live or preserved animals or animal parts with care to avoid harming the animals or . your hands when you are with the at ) Safety plants only as directed by your teacher . If you are allergic to certain plants . tell your teacher do not do an activity involving those plants . Avoid touching harmful plants such poison ivy . Wash your hands when you are with the . Electric To avoid electric shock , never use equipment around water . or when the equipment is wet or your are wet . Be sure are untangled and can not trip anyone . Unplug equipment not in use . Physical Safety an experiment involves physical activity . avoid injuring . Alert your teacher ii there is any reason you should not participate . Disposal Dispose of chemicals and other laboratory materials safely . Follow the instruction from your teacher . Hand Washing Wash your hands when finished with the activity . Use antibacterial soap and warm water . Rinse General Awareness this symbol . follow the provided . When you are melted in develop your own procedure in it lab . have your teacher approve your plan before you go .

Science Safety Rules General Precautions Follow all instruction . perform without the approval and supervision of your teacher . Do not engage in . cat or drink in the laboratory . Keep areas clean and . Dress Code ' safety goggles you work with . heat . Mull or any that might get into eyes . mu wear contact lenses . wur . Wear a lab apron or coat whenever you work with ) or stIl ) that can stain . Wear plastic gloves when with and harmful chemicals . Tic hack or lit back any article of clothing or jewelry that can hang down and touch . or . Roll up long sleeves . Never wear open shoes or sandals . First Aid Report all accidents , injuries . or to your teacher . no matter how minor . Re aware of the location at the kit , emergency equipment ! at the fire extinguisher and tire , and the nearest telephone . Know whom to contact in an emergency . Heating and Fire Safety Keep all combustible array trom llama When heating substance in a test tube . make sure that the mouth tube is not at you or . heat a liquid in a closed container . Use an oven mitt to pick up at container that has been heated . Appendix A Using Chemicals Safely ' put your face unit the mouth of container that holds chemicals . Never touch , taste . or smell a unless your teacher tells won in . Use only those chemicals needed in the activity . Keep all container when ( are not being used . Pour all chemicals over the sink or container . not out work . Dispose ul excess as by yuur leather . Be extra careful when , with acid or bases . When mixing an acid and water . always pour the water into the container ! and add the acid to the water . Never pour ' into an acid . spills and splashes immediately with plenty of water . Using Glassware Safely It glassware is broken or chipped . notify your teacher . Never handle ! chipped with your bare hands . Never force glass or thermometers into a rubber stopper or tubing . your lathe insert the glass or thermometer if required for an activity . Using Sharp Instruments sharp instruments with extreme care . Never cut material toward mu cut tram you . Animal and Plant Safety Never perform experiments that cause pain . or harm to ' if . lfyou know that you are allergic to plants . molds , or animals . tell your before doing an which these are used . Wash your alter any animals . animal parts . plant parts . or coil . During work , wait long pants . lung . socks . and closed shoes . poisonous plants and fungi as well as plants with thorns . Rules Unplug all electrical equipment . up work area . Dispose ' materials as instructed by your . Wash your hands after every experiment . A 651

Appendix Using a Laboratory Balance The laboratory is an important in investigations . You can use a In determine the of that win study at experiment with in the laboratory . kinds are used in the . One kind ' is the . The that you may use in your science class is probably similar to the balance illustrated in this Appendix . To use the properly . should learn the name . and of each part at the balance you are using . What kind ul balance do you have in your ' The Balance The balance in balance with three beams calibrated in grams . The back . is divided into ten units til grants each . The middle , or . beam is divided into units grams each . The ) is divided into ten major units ol I gram each . of these ix further divided into units of gram . What is the largest miss you could with a ?

The following procedure can be used to the mass an with a balance I . Place the on the pan . Move the rider un the middle beam notch by notch until the pointer drops below rem . Move the rider back one notch . Move the rider an the hack notch hy much until the painter again drops Lem . the rider back one notch . Slowly slide the the beam until the pointer stops at the zero point . The mass is equal to of the readings on the three . Balance 652

List of Chemical Elements Appendix Nomi Man is Symbol lumbar Mass 95 94 20 11 ! 237 ) 92 ! 1259 ) 23 ! 10342 31971 05 ( 2441 120 ) 140 an ) 231 ( 226 ) 1222 ) 207 102905 ( 250 ) 101 ( 2611 15113 956 ( 2631 368 223 57 62 32 136 131948 198 ) 1275 ) 158 925 232 033 113 no 17 133 ( 2771 ( 272 50 131 29 17304 as 55139 40 91 224 98 Vance . 35 46 20 98 55 55 17 24 27 29 05 99 ! 53 ) 64 31 32 79 72 ! 49 53 77 26 ( Ii 57 32 71 12 ' um co Appendix 653

Appendix Astronomical Data Table ' Data for the Planets ( I ' I ! Mercury Venus I . Earth Mus ' i ' All mun In nub um I ur gun a no ca ) am . Earth . is we anal um I an in ta a Inn In mun ma sun Table . item In sum of spud ( All ) yuan ) than um ) Venus 0162 244 Mus 119 a 41 294 1531 Inn . Uranus Hum 11 mum moi Table Data for Selected Moons manna Mun Earth mutter Ganymede . Jupiter ' I Saturn A mania Uranus 435 Triton .

Appendix Table Data ! or Small stern Bodies and Dwarf Planets nun ma sun of and IAU ) In ) Ear ! Ceres Dwarf planet ! 960 932 nun 1902 510 525 492 Juno Asteroid 1004 us 530 Pluto Dwarf plum Bell 2002 205 Sedna Belt omen 2003 was sen omen 2005 3952 ?

301 am planet 2005 550 Table for the Sun Average Surname ' Average ( ore Temperature row Average Density Table Data for Some Stars nu we . Sinus A ( unis Mun ! Whit mum sequence ( glam 313 47 Orange 37 278 ! Vega Lyra whine main sequent 25 A Yellow ( well . 93 ( quadruple slat system ) lane ! A Orion we 0225 Orion Red White main sequent Taurus Dung gum Red Ion Pollux Gemini . 009 ! While mam 090 Cygnus whit Regulus Leo Blue sequence The sown stars ( Magus ov ( atoms or ( Flanges In men absolute Appendix 655

' nu . star ' Autumn Sky hot min and I ! mu . mI I 41 ' I ( I ' I ) I ( InJ ' I ' I ' I . HO OH ) southern Horizon mung Western Horizon Western Horizon Winter Sky Jun new dam and ) I at IU I , I at ur ' I ) Inn . the , La , I , . Mad . Huh Hut mung aqua nun it ' mu ) mu than muk mu ! nth . man he Spring Sky Hui MI . I my UI ! him ) i . I at Mir mu . Una , ummm lug . 711111 ?

lu scan the vial . Hor Summer Sky . tin ( ulna . lune I . Jun 15 al ( hI Mar ( I ( in um mu , A muse Western Horizon Appendix 657