CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 9 with Solutions

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 9 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours.
Max. Marks: 80

General Instructions:

The question paper is divided into four sections.
There are 38 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
Section A includes questions No. 1-20. These are MCQ-type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
Section B includes questions No. 21-29. These are very short answer-type questions carrying 2 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
Section C includes questions No. 30-35. They are short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
Section D includes questions No. 36-38. They are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 200 words. Question no. 36 is to be answered with the help of the passage given.

Section A (20 Marks).

Question 1.
The term ‘demography’ is composed of two Greek words______ which means people and ______ meaning describe both of which together imply a description
of people.[1].
(a) demos, graphein.
(b) demos, graphics.
(c) demo, graphic.
(d) demos, graphite.
Answer:
(a) demos, graphein.

Question 2.
Which one of the following statements is correct about the Malthusian theory of population growth? [1].
(a) Human population tends to grow at a much faster rate than the rate at which the means of human subsistence can grow.
(b) The rise in population can be understood in terms of geometric progression and agricultural growth in terms of arithmetic progression.
(c) Positive checks to population growth in the forms of famines and diseases are inevitable.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) Liberal and Marxist scholars also criticized Malthus for stating that poverty was caused by population growth. Reason (R) They believed that problems like poverty and starvation were caused by the unequal distribution of economic resources.[1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 4.
Social exclusion and discrimination are majorly considered as the outcome of discrimination. [1].
(a) Political hegemony.
(b) Economic resources.
(c) Social injustice.
(d) Cultural diversity.
Answer:
(b) Economic resources.

Question 5.
Which one of the following personalities authored the book called ‘Stree Purush Tulana’ in 1882? [1].
(a) Pandita Ramabai.
(b) Savitribai Phule.
(c) Tarabai Shinde.
(d) Begum Rokeya.
Answer:
(c) Tarabai Shinde.

Question 6.
Assertion (A) Max Weber defined a state as a body that successfully claims a monopoly of legitimate force in a particular territory.’ Reason (R) State is an abstract entity consisting of a set of political-legal institutions claiming control over a particular geographical territory and its people. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A),

Question 7.
About 13.4% of the population is Muslim, which makes India the world’s third-largest Muslim country after________. [1].
(a) Pakistan, Bangladesh.
(b) Indonesia, Pakistan.
(c) Indonesia, Saudi Arabia.
(d) Bangladesh, Indonesia.
Answer:
(b) Indonesia, Pakistan.

Question 8.
“To imbue the minds of a whole people with an abnormal vanity of its own superiority, to teach to take pride in its moral callousness and ill-begotten wealth, to perpetuate humiliation of defeated nations by exhibiting trophies won from war, and using these schools in order to breed in children’s minds contempt for others, is imitating the West where she has a festering sore_____” Who said the above-mentioned statements in the context of exclusive nationalism?[1].
(a) Rabindranath Tagore.
(b) Swami Vivekananda.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi.
(d) M N Srinivas.
Answer:
(a) Rabindranath Tagore.

Question 9.
Assertion (A) Westernisation in India is often identified with copying the ways of the British but in recent times there is increasing Americanisation of westernization. Reason (R) American ways of writing, speech, and accent is being followed more and more throughout India and the world, [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 10.
Which one of the following social reformers is considered the Father of the Renaissance Movement in Telugu? [1].
(a) R Venkataratnam Naidu.
(b) Gidugu Ramamurthy.
(c) Kandukuri Viresalingam.
(d) G Venkata Apparao.
Answer:
(c) Kandukuri Viresalingam.

Question 12.
Which one of the following sociologists argues that ‘the shift in the relationship between landlords and agricultural workers was a shift from patronage to exploitation’? [1].
(a) Jan Breman.
(b) Herbert Spencer.
(c) Verrier Elwin.
(d) Auguste Comte.
Answer:
(a) Jan Breman.

Question 13.
Assertion (A) Suicides of farmers are basically associated with debt, as well as natural disasters, resulting in the failure of agricultural produce. Reason (R) Agricultural issues are also no longer key public issues and lack of mobilization means that agriculturists are unable to form powerful pressure groups that can influence policymaking in their favor. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 14.
________state in India has undergone a unique development phase in which political mobilization, redistributive steps, and links to an external economy have
resulted in a significant transformation of the rural countryside. [1].
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Kerala

Question 15.
Assertion (A) A small proportion of the population is engaged in the organized sector in India. Reason (R) The majority of the Indian population is employed in the
unorganized sector. [1].
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 16.
‘Stand UP India Scheme1 is a scheme for_________ sections of society. [1].
(a) Esteemed
(b) Acclaimed
(c) Marginalised
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Marginalised

Question 17.
Which of the following schemes of the Government of India are the programs by which employment and self-employment become possible? [1].
I. MUDRA
II. Akhand Bharat
III. Make in India
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) BothI and III
(d) I, II, and III
Answer:
(c) Both I and III

Question 18.
According to him, social movements can lead to disintegration or disorder in society which is more important than the individual. His works about the division of labor, social facts, suicide, and religion tell that for him social structures enable social integration. For him, social movements were the forces that led to disorder.’ Read the passage and identify the name of the sociologist who argued in this regard. [1].
(a) Emile Durkheim
(b) E P Thompson
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Mancur Olson
Answer:
(a) Emile Durkheim.

Question 19.
Which one of the following social reformers led the ‘Black Power Movement’ in the form of the civil rights movement in the United States of America? [1].
(a) Martin Luther King
(b) Malcolm X
(c) Abraham Lincoln
(d) Shirley Chisholm
Answer:
(b) Malcolm X.

Question 20.
National Council for Women in India (NCWI) was established in the year_________.[1].
(a) 1917
(c) 1927
(b) 1925
(d) 1931
Answer:
(b) 1925

Section B (18 Marks)

Question 21.
Explain the two broad sets of issues that are most important in giving rise to tribal movements. [2].
Answer:
The two broad sets of issues that have been most important in giving rise to tribal movements are as follows:
(i) Issues relating to control over vital economic resources like land and forests.
(ii) Issues relating to matters of ethnic-cultural identity.

Question 22.
State two major issues faced by Adivasis (Tribal people) after India’s independence.
OR
What do you understand by the term apartheid? [2].
Answer:
Adivasis have been facing two major issues after India’s independence.

These are as follows:
(i) The government monopoly over forests continued and the exploitation accelerated.
(ii) The policy of capital-intensive industrialization adopted by the government required minerals and power generation capacities which were in the Adivasi area.

The term apartheid was a political and social system in South Africa while it was under White minority rule. This policy governed the relations between South Africa’s White minority and non-White majority and sanctioned racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-Whites.

Question 23.
Mention two common features central to the public perception of ‘disability’ all over the world. [2].
Answer:
TWO common features central to the public perception of ’disability’ all over the world are as follows:
(i) Whenever a disabled person is confronted with problems, it is believed that the problems originate due to his/her impairment.
(ii) Disability is supposed to be linked with the disabled individual’s self-perception.

Question 24.
What is meant by the term ‘communalism’? [2].
OR
“It is only rarely that the winners accept that they were guilty of wrongdoing. Nations or communities that were on the ‘winning’ side, or that are still in a dominant position, are beginning to accept that they have been responsible for grave injustices in the past and are seeking to apologize to the affected communities.” Read the above-mentioned statement and highlight the debate on an official apology from the Australian nation.
Answer:
The term ‘communalism’ refers to aggressive chauvinism (patriotism) based on religious identity. Chauvinism is an attitude that sees one’s own group as the only legitimate or worthy group, with other groups seen as inferior, illegitimate, and opposed. Communalism is nothing but an aggressive political ideology linked to religion.

In Australia, there has been a long debate on an official apology from the Australian nation (where the majority of the population today is of white-European origin) to the descendants of the native peoples who were the original inhabitants of the forcible colonized land. Most state governments in Australia have passed some variant of the apology resolution.

Question 25.
Write a brief note on the contributions of Raja Ravi Varma to Indian paintings. [2].
Answer:
Raja Ravi Varma, also known as The Father of the Indian Act, was an Indian painter of the 18th century who attained recognition as a painter. He is considered among the greatest painters in the history of Indian art for a number of aesthetic and broader social reasons.

Firstly, his works are held to be among the best examples of the fusion of European techniques with a purely Indian sensibility. Secondly, he was notable for making affordable lithographs of his paintings available to the public, which greatly enhanced his reach and influence as a painter and public figure.

Question 26.
Briefly explain the ‘Subsistence Agriculture’ and ‘Globalisation of Agriculture’. [2].
OR
Highlight two important negative consequences of the Green Revolution during its first phase in India.
Answer:
‘Subsistence Agriculture’ is a form of agriculture where agriculturalists produce primarily for themselves and are unable to produce for the market. ‘Globalisation of Agriculture’ is the process of integration of local agricultural markets and practices with the wider international market.

Green Revolution also had many negative consequences in Indian agrarian society during, its first phase. There are two main negative consequences are as follows:
(i) Small and marginal farmers could not benefit from Green Revolution, as they could not buy expensive new seeds and technology.

(ii) Differentiation of Indian rural society took place due to Green Revolution. The rich grew richer while the poor became poorer.

Question 27.
Elaborate on the concept of ‘time-slavery’ in the context of the Indian IT sector. [2].
Answer:
Time slavery refers to employees working for more than 1 0-1 2 hours a day in order to meet deadlines sometimes, it leads to the condition where the employer working overnight might put extra stress to complete the project on time. This is due to the time difference between the client site and India.

Further, the structure of outsourced projects leads to the underestimation in terms of Mondays which is only 8 hours. Due to such working hours, many firms had changed their opening and closing times.

Question 28.
Elaborate on the term ‘Peasant Movement’. [2].
Answer:
The term ‘peasant movement’ refers to all kinds of collective attempts of different strata of the peasantry either to change the system which they felt was exploitative or to seek redress for particular grievances without necessarily aiming at overthrowing the system.

It is a part of the social movement against British atrocities in the 18th and 19th centuries of the British colonial period. Some well-known peasant movements are the Bengal Revolt of 1859-62 against the indigo plantation system and the ‘Deccan riots’ of 1857.

Question 29.
Elucidate the work of sociologist Emile Durkheim on social movement. [2].
Answer:
Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who rose to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th century. Along with Kari Marx and Max Weber he is credited as being one of the principal founders of modern sociology. According to Emile Durkheim, social movement can lead disintegration/disorder of society which is more important than the individual.

His works about the division of labor, social facts, suicide, and religion tell that for him social structure enables social integration. For him, social movements were the forces that led to disorder.

Section C (24 Marks)

Question 30.
Highlight the positive impact of resistance and opposition of tribal communities in contemporary India. [4].
Answer:
The positive impact of the resistance and opposition of tribes communities in contemporary India are as follows:
(i) Achievement of Statehood for Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. However, this is not free from problems. These states are still to make complete use of their statehood and the system still leaves the tribal communities powerless.

(ii) Emergence of Educated Middle-Class communities among tribal communities with the policies of reservation. The result of such an emergence is the creation of an urbanized professional class.

(iii) Emergence of Identity Assertions with tribal societies becoming more differentiated, different bases for the assertion of tribal identity are also emerging.

Question 31.
Elaborate on the diverse forms of the family system. [4].
Answer:
Different societies have different diverse family forms which are divided into two types of forms i.e., on the basis of residence and on the basis of inheritance which is discussed below. On the basis of residence,
(i) Matrilocal In such a society, a newly married couple stays with the women’s parents.

(ii) Patrilocal In this society, the couple lives with the man’s parents. On the basis of inheritance,
(i) Matriiineal This society passes on the property from mother to daughter.
(ii) Patrilineal In this society, there is a property shift from father to son

Question 32.
Why India are labels such as disability ‘handicap’, etc. used for differently-abled people?
OR
‘Untouchability is an extreme and particularly vicious aspect of the caste system that prescribes stringent social sanctions against members of castes located at the bottom of the purity-pollution scale.’ Read the above statement and briefly explain the three major dimensions of untouchability. [4].
Answer:
Disability is regarded as a natural occurrence. When a disabled person is faced with difficulties, it is assumed that the difficulties are due to her or his disability. The disabled individual is seen as a victim. Disability is thought to be related to an impaired person’s self-perception. The word ‘disability’ implies that they are in need of assistance.

Some of the reasons for using these labels for differently-abled people are as follows:
(i) The roots of such attitudes lie in the cultural conception that views an impaired body as a result of fate. Destiny is seen as the culprit and disabled people are the victims.

(ii) The common perception views disability as a result of past karma (actions) from which there can be no reprieve.

The three main dimensions of untouchability such as exclusion, humiliation-subordination, and exploitation- are all equally important in defining the phenomenon which are as follows:

(i) Exclusion Dalits experience forms of exclusion that are unique and not practiced against other groups. For example, is prohibited from sharing drinking water sources or participating in collective religious worship, social ceremonies, festivals, etc.

(ii) Humiliation and Subordination The performance of publicly visible acts of self-humiliation and subordination is an important part of the practice of untouchability. For example, the imposition of gestures of deference (i.e. taking of headgear)

(iii) Subordination and Exploitation Untouchability is almost associated with economic exploitation of various kinds, most commonly through the imposition of forced, unpaid paid labor or the confiscation of property.

Question 33.
“Encouraging cultural diversity is a good policy from the practical and principled point of view.” Justify the statement using India’s case as a nation-state.
OR
What are community identities? Why are they important? [4].
Answer:
Nations are communities that have a state of their own, which is why the two are joined to form the term nation-state. The Indian nation-state is socially and culturally, one of the most diverse countries in the world. This diverse population speaks different languages.

In terms of religion, the population is diverse with Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christian, etc. The Constitution declares the state to be a secular state, but religion, language, and other such factors are not removed from the public sphere.

In fact, these communities are explicitly recognized by the state. By international standards, very strong constitutional protection is offered to minority religions, tribal populations, Scheduled Caste populations linguistic minorities, etc. Therefore, comparative surveys of long-standing democracies show that India has been very cohesive, despite its diversity.

Community identity is based on birth and belonging rather than on some form of acquired qualifications of accomplishment. It is what we are rather than what we have become. Our community provides us with the language (our mother tongue) and the cultural values through which we comprehend the world. It also secures our self-identity.

Community identities are important because every human being needs a sense of stable identity to operate in this world. Expanding and overlapping circles of community ties (family, kinship, caste, ethnicity, language, region, or religion) give meaning to our world and give us a sense of identity of who we are. That is why people often react emotionally or even violently whenever there is a perceived threat to their community identity.

Question 34.
“The pattern of farmer’s suicides points to the significant crises that the rural areas are experiencing.” What do you understand by ‘matrix event’ and how are they responsible for farmer suicides? [4].
Answer:
A matrix event is a range of factors that come together to form an event. The suicides among farmers have become a matrix event in rural society. The farmers who commit suicide are marginal farmers who try to increase productivity, particularly by adopting Green Revolution. They have to face several risks. such as a rise in cost production, due to a decrease in subsidies, etc.

Some of the events or factors responsible for farmers’ suicides are discussed below:
(i) Agrarian distress caused by structural changes in agriculture and changes in economic and agricultural policies. The changed pattern of land holdings, changing cropping patterns especially due to the shift to cash crops.

(ii) Farmers are heavily dependent on high-cost inputs. Loss of crops due to pests or any natural disaster further leads to an increase in suicides. There is a decline in state support in the form of subsidies for agriculture.

(iii) They are unable to bear the debt burden as well as, natural disasters resulting in the failure of agricultural produce.

Question 35.
Compare and contrast class-based movements and caste-based movements by quoting examples from the Indian context. [4].
Answer:
The caste-based and class-based social movements within the Indian context could be differentiated in the following manner

Class-Based Social Movements	Caste-Based Social Movements
Class-based social movements are associated with mostly an oppressed or disadvantaged class of people collectively working towards the same goal.	The caste-based social movements are associated with the backward caste community or group collectively working towards the same goal.
The class-based movements involved peasant movements and worker’s movements.	The caste-based social movements involved Dalit movements and tribal movements.
The intention or goal behind the class-based movement is centered around the issue of wages, land, employment opportunities, economic inequalities, etc.	The intention or goal behind the caste-based movements is centered around the issues of cultural or ethnic identity, inclusion, equality, untouchability, human rights, etc.
The class-based movements highlighted the class bases discriminations and inequalities that existed in the workplace.	The caste-based movements highlighted the social discrimination and stigmatization that exist in the caste-based society of India.

Section D (18 Marks)

Question 36.
What do you mean by ‘Employment Opportunities’? Explain the major forms of job recruitment in India.[6].
OR
Do you agree that all sections of people have benefitted from the economic policies in post-independence India? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Employment Opportunities mean a state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary. It provides the work or occupation in which a person is employed. The employment opportunities have two components i.e. job in an organization and self-employment. The schemes of the Government of India like MUDRA (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd.).

Aatmanirbhar Bharat or Make in India are programs by which employment and self-employment become possible. The schemes are helpful to the people of the marginalized sections of society like SC/ST and other backward classes.

There are positive signs for creating economic potential among the demographic dividend of India. There are many forms of job recruitment in India which are as follows:
(i) Jobs through contractors in this system is most clear that the hiring of casual labor for work at construction sites, brickyards, and so on.

(ii) Jobs through personal contacts in this category the people who are self-employed like plumbers and carpenters and teachers who gave private tuitions, etc.

(iii) Jobs through advertisements is one of the systems of getting jobs but only a small percentage of people get jobs through advertisements or through employment exchange.

(iv) Jobs on a permanent basis in this category there is a lot of flexibility in their working hours in which a few workers are employed as permanent head workers and they get proper compensation, status, and position for their work, whereas sometimes personnel is employed even on a contract basis.

All sections of people have not benefited from the economic policies in India. The effect of liberalization is not uniform in all sections. They are as follows:
(i) After this policy, the government tried to sell its share in several public sector companies, this process is known as disinvestment. With disinvestment, many government workers feared that they will lose their jobs.

(ii) More and more companies are reducing the number of permanent employees and outsourcing their work to smaller companies or even to homes. For multinational companies, this outsourcing is done across the globe, with developing countries like India providing cheap labor. As small companies have to compete for orders from the big companies, they keep wages low as well as their working conditions are often poor.

(iii) India is still largely an agricultural country. The service sector i.e. shops, banks, IT Industry, hotels, and other services are employing more people and the urban middle class is growing.

(iv) At the same time, very few people in India have access to secure jobs and even the small number of regular salaried employees are becoming more insecure with the incoming contract labor. Nowadays, employment by the government is also coming down. According to economists, both liberalization and privatization are associated with rising income inequality.

(v) As secure employment in the large industry is declining, the government is embarking on the policy of land acquisition for industry. These industries do not necessarily provide employment to the people of the surrounding areas but cause major pollution.

(vi) Many farmers, especially Adivasis, protest at low rates of compensation and the fact they are forced to become casual laborers living and working on the footpaths of India’s big cities.

Question 37.
Decadal Growth Rate Population of Selected Metropolitan Cities in Percentage. [6].
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 9 with Solutions.Q.37
(a) What are the trends of the percent share of the urban population and the decennial growth rate of the urban population according to the above-given chart?
(b) What was the decennial growth rate of the urban population from 1981 to 2001 and during 2011?
(c) How was the decennial growth rate of the urban population show a declining trend during 1981-2001?
Answer:
(a) The given chart below indicates that the percent share of the urban population is increasing but the decennial growth rate of the urban population shows a decreasing trend.’

(b) The decennial growth rate of the urban population showed a declining trend during 1981-2001, reversed the trend, and showed a marginal increase in 2011.

(c) According to the graph above, India’s urban population and the number of UA/Towns, and the percent share of the urban population are growing. This shows the growth rate of the urban population decline from 1981 to 2001.

Question 38.
What is meant by the term ‘Population Explosion’? Elaborate on the ‘Theory of Demographic Transition’.
Answer:
An important term related to the theory of demographic transition is population explosion. [6].
The ‘population explosion’ happens because death rates are brought down relatively quickly through advanced methods of disease control, public health, better nutrition, and unchanged reproductive behavior.

This kind of transition was seen in Western Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Demographic transition theory suggests that population growth is linked to overall levels of economic development. According to this theory, every society follows a typical pattern of development related to population growth. The theory of demographic transition states that every society goes through three basic phases of population growth.

These are as follows:
(i) First Stage It faces a low population growth in a society that is underdeveloped and technologically backward. In this stage, growth rates are low as both the death rate and birth rate are very high, so the difference between both (or the net growth rate) is low.

(ii) Second Stage This is a phase of transition from an underdeveloped or backward to a developing stage finally leading to the advanced developed stage. This stage is characterized by very high rates of population growth.

(iii) Third Stage This stage also shows a low population growth rate but in developed countries, where both the birth rate and death rate have been reduced.